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Linux从入门到精通——CentOS 7.9.2009上Python 3.12.3的一键安装脚本

CentOS 7.9.2009上Python 3.12.3的一键安装脚本

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#!/bin/bash
  
# 定义Python版本号和目录变量
PYTHON_VERSION="3.12.3"
PYTHON_BIN="3.12"
PYTHON_CURRENT_VERSION_DIR="/usr/local/python/current"
PYTHON_RELEASE_DIR="/usr/local/python/release/python-${PYTHON_VERSION}"
PYTHON_SOURCE="Python-${PYTHON_VERSION}.tgz"
  
# 判断执行用户是否为root，如果不是则退出
function check_root_user() {
    if [ "$(id -u)" != "0" ]; then
        echo "此脚本需要以root用户执行" 1>&2
        exit 1
    fi
}
  
# 安装操作系统依赖
function install_dependencies() {
    if [ -f /etc/redhat-release ]; then
        # CentOS 或 RHEL
        yum update -y
        yum install -y gcc zlib zlib-devel openssl-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel xz-devel libffi-devel sqlite-devel ncurses-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel libffi-devel mesa-libGL wget
    elif [ -f /etc/debian_version ]; then
        # Ubuntu 或 Debian
        apt update && apt upgrade -y
        apt install -y build-essential zlib1g zlib1g-dev libncurses5-dev libgdbm-dev libnss3-dev libssl-dev libreadline-dev libffi-dev wget
    else
        echo "不支持的Linux发行版"
        exit 1
    fi
}
  
# 下载并解压Python源代码
function download_and_extract_python_source() {
    local PYTHON_SOURCE="Python-${PYTHON_VERSION}.tgz"
    if [ ! -f "${PYTHON_SOURCE}" ]; then
        wget -O "${PYTHON_SOURCE}" "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/${PYTHON_VERSION}/${PYTHON_SOURCE}"
    else
        echo "Python源代码压缩包已存在，无需重新下载。"
    fi
  
    if [ -f "${PYTHON_SOURCE}" ]; then
        if [ -d "Python-${PYTHON_VERSION}" ]; then
            mv "Python-${PYTHON_VERSION}" "Python-${PYTHON_VERSION}-backup-$(date "+%Y.%m.%d-%H.%M.%S")"
        fi
        tar -xzf "${PYTHON_SOURCE}"
        cd "Python-${PYTHON_VERSION}"
    else
        echo "Python源代码压缩包不存在，无法解压。"
        exit 1
    fi
}
  
# 编译并安装Python
function compile_and_install_python() {
    mkdir -pv "${PYTHON_RELEASE_DIR}"
    export CFLAGS=$(pkg-config --cflags openssl11)
    export LDFLAGS=$(pkg-config --libs openssl11)
    ./configure --prefix="${PYTHON_RELEASE_DIR}"  --with-openssl=/usr/bin/openssl #在低版本的gcc中带有?enable-optimizations参数,会报错，升级gcc至高版本，gcc 8.1.0已修复此问题
    make -j$(nproc) && make install
}
  
# 验证Python版本
function verify_python_version() {
    PYTHON_CMD="${PYTHON_RELEASE_DIR}/bin/python${PYTHON_BIN}"
    ${PYTHON_CMD} --version
}
  
# 替换系统/usr/bin/python，并修改/usr/bin/yum和/usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down
function replace_system_python() {
    if [[ -e /usr/bin/python ]]; then
        mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python-$(/usr/bin/python --version 2>&1 | cut -d' ' -f2 | tr -d '.')
    fi
  
    if [[ -e /usr/bin/yum ]]; then
        first_line=$(head -n 1 /usr/bin/yum)
        if [[ $first_line == "#!/usr/bin/python"* ]]; then
            sed -i "1s|/usr/bin/python|/usr/bin/python2.7|" /usr/bin/yum
        fi
    fi
  
    local binyum_path="/usr/bin/yum"
    if [[ -f "$binyum_path" ]]; then
        sed -i '1d' "$binyum_path"
        sed -i '1i\#\!/usr/bin/python2.7' "$binyum_path"
    else
        echo "文件 $binyum_path 不存在，无法修改。"
    fi
  
    local urlgrabber_path="/usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down"
    if [[ -f "$urlgrabber_path" ]]; then
        sed -i '1d' "$urlgrabber_path"
        sed -i '1i\#\!/usr/bin/python2.7' "$urlgrabber_path"
    else
        echo "文件 $urlgrabber_path 不存在，无法修改。"
    fi
  
    # 创建新的Python符号链接
    ln -sfv "${PYTHON_CURRENT_VERSION_DIR}/bin/python${PYTHON_BIN}" /usr/bin/python
}
  
# 创建Python版本的软链接
function create_python_symlink() {
    cd /usr/local/python && ln -sfv "release/python-${PYTHON_VERSION}" current
}
  
# 设置环境变量
function set_environment_variables() {
    echo "export PATH=\$PATH:${PYTHON_CURRENT_VERSION_DIR}/bin" > /etc/profile.d/python.sh
    chmod +x /etc/profile.d/python.sh
    source /etc/profile.d/python.sh
}
  
# 清理下载的源代码和压缩包
function cleanup() {
    rm -rf "Python-${PYTHON_VERSION}" "${PYTHON_SOURCE}"
}
  
# 主执行流程
check_root_user
install_dependencies
download_and_extract_python_source
compile_and_install_python
verify_python_version
replace_system_python
create_python_symlink
set_environment_variables
#cleanup
  
echo "Python ${PYTHON_VERSION} 安装完成，并已设置环境变量！"