Linux从入门到精通——Centos 配置国内yum源及epel源
Centos 配置国内yum源及epel源
一、备份原有的yum源配置文件
在进行任何更改之前，建议先备份原有的yum源配置文件，以防止配置过程中出现问题。可以使用以下命令备份CentOS-Base.repo文件：
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core) [root@localhost ~]# ls -l /etc/yum.repos.d/ && mkdir -pv /etc/yum.repos.d/backup-$(date "+%Y.%m.%d-%H.%M.%S") && mv /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/backup* total 40 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1664 Oct 23 2020 CentOS-Base.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1309 Oct 23 2020 CentOS-CR.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 649 Oct 23 2020 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 314 Oct 23 2020 CentOS-fasttrack.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 630 Oct 23 2020 CentOS-Media.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1331 Oct 23 2020 CentOS-Sources.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8515 Oct 23 2020 CentOS-Vault.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 616 Oct 23 2020 CentOS-x86_64-kernel.repo mkdir: created directory ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/backup-2024.05.09-16.18.01’ [root@localhost ~]# ls -l /etc/yum.repos.d/ total 0 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 220 May 9 16:18 backup-2024.05.09-16.18.01 [root@localhost ~]#
二、常用命令
查看系统发行版本：rpm -qi centos-release（查看Version字段） 进入yum配置目录：cd /etc/yum.repos.d 查看yum配置目录：ll /etc/yum.repos.d 备份yum配置目录：cp -r /etc/yum.repos.d /data/ 显示使用中的yum源：yum repolist 清除yum的缓存：yum clean all 生成yum的缓存：yum makecache
三、阿里云源
下载地址: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/
CentOS过期源（centos-vault）：https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/centos-vault
CentOS arm源（centos-altarch）：https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/centos-altarch/
CentOS Stream源（centos-stream）：https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/centos-stream
CentOS debuginfo源（centos-debuginfo）：https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/centos-debuginfo/
3.1、Centos8（centos8官方源已下线，建议切换centos-vault源）
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
或者
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
3.2、Centos7
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
或者
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
3.3、Centos6（centos6官方源已下线，建议切换centos-vault源）
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-6.10.repo
或者
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-6.10.repo
3.4、非阿里云ECS用户需要修改相关配置
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo [root@localhost ~]# yum clean all Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Cleaning repos: base extras updates Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors [root@localhost ~]# yum makecache Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 Metadata Cache Created [root@localhost ~]#
3.5、运行 yun makecache 生成缓存
如果非阿里云ECS用户不运行2.4部分的命令，直接运行 yum makecache 生成缓存，会报如下错误：
[root@localhost ~]# yum makecache Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 (1/6): extras/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 305 kB 00:00:00 (2/6): base/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 7.2 MB 00:00:09 (3/6): updates/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 14 MB 00:00:18 base/7/x86_64/other_db FAILED http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/repodata/ecaab5cc3b9c10fefe6be2ecbf6f9fcb437231dac3e82cab8d9d2cf70e99644d-other.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 12] Timeout on http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/repodata/ecaab5cc3b9c10fefe6be2ecbf6f9fcb437231dac3e82cab8d9d2cf70e99644d-other.sqlite.bz2: (28, 'Connection timed out after 30001 milliseconds') Trying other mirror. extras/7/x86_64/other_db FAILED http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/extras/x86_64/repodata/ae8d9246e7015e7ecb91d202d4d042a7247813edf3da40f32d278a9c6ba754d2-other.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 12] Timeout on http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/extras/x86_64/repodata/ae8d9246e7015e7ecb91d202d4d042a7247813edf3da40f32d278a9c6ba754d2-other.sqlite.bz2: (28, 'Connection timed out after 30000 milliseconds') Trying other mirror. base/7/x86_64/other_db FAILED http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/repodata/ecaab5cc3b9c10fefe6be2ecbf6f9fcb437231dac3e82cab8d9d2cf70e99644d-other.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 14] curl#6 - "Could not resolve host: mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com; Unknown error" Trying other mirror. updates/7/x86_64/other_db FAILED 84% [==================================================================== ] 38 kB/s | 22 MB 00:01:50 ETA http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/updates/x86_64/repodata/86dde93e0f467fb45a3140712d908f154a611a3377a2de5b5f4c750881e48f6c-other.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 12] Timeout on http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/updates/x86_64/repodata/86dde93e0f467fb45a3140712d908f154a611a3377a2de5b5f4c750881e48f6c-other.sqlite.bz2: (28, 'Connection timed out after 30002 milliseconds') Trying other mirror. (4/6): updates/7/x86_64/other_db | 1.6 MB 00:00:02 (5/6): base/7/x86_64/other_db | 2.6 MB 00:00:03 extras/7/x86_64/other_db FAILED http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/extras/x86_64/repodata/ae8d9246e7015e7ecb91d202d4d042a7247813edf3da40f32d278a9c6ba754d2-other.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 14] curl#6 - "Could not resolve host: mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com; Unknown error" Trying other mirror. (6/6): extras/7/x86_64/other_db | 154 kB 00:00:00 Metadata Cache Created [root@localhost ~]#
四、腾讯云源
4.1、Centos8 及以上版本
4.2、Centos7
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.tencent.com/repo/centos7_base.repo
4.3、Centos6
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/repo/centos6_base.repo
五、华为云源
六、中科大源
七、epel-release源
[root@localhost ~]# yum install epel-release -y Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Determining fastest mirrors * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 (1/4): base/7/x86_64/group_gz | 153 kB 00:00:00 (2/4): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 253 kB 00:00:00 (3/4): base/7/x86_64/primary_db | 6.1 MB 00:00:08 (4/4): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 27 MB 00:00:34 Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package epel-release.noarch 0:7-11 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================================================================= Installing: epel-release noarch 7-11 extras 15 k Transaction Summary ============================================================================================================================= Install 1 Package Total download size: 15 k Installed size: 24 k Downloading packages: epel-release-7-11.noarch.rpm | 15 kB 00:00:00 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : epel-release-7-11.noarch 1/1 Verifying : epel-release-7-11.noarch 1/1 Installed: epel-release.noarch 0:7-11 Complete! [root@localhost ~]# yum clean all Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Cleaning repos: base epel extras updates Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors [root@localhost ~]#
