django的相关插件

media的使用

• pip install pillow 安装pillow插件

• settings.py配置

  MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
  MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'media')
  

• 在项目文件夹下新建一个media文件夹 ---》img文件夹 ---》avatar文件夹，放头像图片

• 项目同名文件夹下的urls.py

  from django.views.static import serve
  from django.conf import settings
  urlpatterns = [
      url(r'^media/(?P<path>.*)', serve, {'document_root': settings.MEDIA_ROOT}),
  ]
  

• models.py给UserInfo表新增添加头像的字段

  from django.db import models
  # 用户信息表
  class UserInfo(models.Model):
      avatar = models.ImageField(upload_to='img/avatar', default='img/avatar/1.jpg')
  

• views.py

  # 注册函数register
  提交了post请求后,需要传request.FILES上传的文件
  def register(request):
      reg_obj = RegForm()
      if request.method == 'POST':
          reg_obj = RegForm(request.POST, request.FILES)  # 通过request.FILES获取上传的文件
          print(request.FILES)
          if reg_obj.is_valid():
              reg_obj.save()
              return redirect('login')
      return render(request, 'register.html', {'reg_obj': reg_obj})
  

• 中间件配置当前用户对象

  • views.py

    # login函数
    def login(request):
        if request.method == 'POST':
            username = request.POST.get('username')
            password = request.POST.get('password')
            ssl = encryption(password)
            user_obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=username, password=ssl).first()
            if user_obj:
                request.session['is_login'] = True
                request.session['username'] = user_obj.username
                # request.session['pk'] = user_obj.pk  # 通过session设置pk值
                url = request.GET.get('url')
                if url:
                    return redirect(url)
                return redirect('index')
            else:
                error = '用户名或者密码错误'
        return render(request, 'login.html', locals())
    # my_middleware.py
    from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin
    from django.shortcuts import redirect, reverse
    from istudy import settings
    import re
    from app01 import models
    class LandingCheck(MiddlewareMixin):
        def process_request(self, request):
            url = request.path_info
            is_login = request.session.get('is_login')
            if is_login:
                # obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(pk=request.session['pk']).first()
                # request.user_obj = obj  # 不能给request.user赋值
                return
            for i in settings.WHITE_LIST:
                if re.match(i, url):
                    return
    
            return redirect(f'{reverse("login")}?url={url}')
    # index页面
    通过request.user_obj.avatar.url 可以获取到当前对象对应的头像
    <img width="27px" src="{{ request.user_obj.avatar.url }}"
        style="margin-right: 5px;border-radius :14px ">
    

• form表单中修改choice参数,(确保作者是当前登录的用户，添加和编辑文章详情，作者只显示当前登录的用户对象)

  • views.py

    # 文章添加,通过中间件设置的用户obj对象获取到对应的文章对象
    def article_add(request):
        obj = models.Article(author=request.user_obj)
        form_obj = ArticleForm(instance=obj)
        if request.method == 'POST':
            form_obj = ArticleForm(request.POST,instance=obj)
    # 文章编辑,通过传过来的pk获取到对应的文章对象
    def article_edit(request,pk):
        obj = models.Article.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
        form_obj = ArticleForm(instance=obj)
        if request.method == 'POST':
            form_obj = ArticleForm(request.POST,instance=obj)
    

  • forms.py

    定义一个__init__
    class ArticleForm(forms.FormModel):
        def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs):
            super().__init(*args,**kwargs)
            
            for field in self.fields.values():
                field.widget.attrs['class'] = 'form-control'
    		self.fields['author'].choices = [(self.instance.author_id,
                                              self.instance.author.username)]
    

富文本编辑器

• pip install django-ckeditor 下载富文本编辑器插件

• 配置settings.py文件

  # 将ckeditor,ckeditor_uploader添加到自己项目的INSTALLED_APPS设置中。
  INSTALLED_APPS = [
      'ckeditor',
      'ckeditor_uploader',
  ]
  # 将CKEDITOR_UPLOAD_PATH设置添加到项目的settings.py文件中，
  # 默认情况下，Django使用文件系统存储后端（它将使用您的MEDIA_ROOT和MEDIA_URL）
  MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
  MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media')
  CKEDITOR_UPLOAD_PATH = 'ckeditor/'
  # 如果您不使用其他后端，则必须具有MEDIA_ROOT中CKEDITOR_UPLOAD_PATH路径的写权限，即：
  CKEDITOR_UPLOAD_PATH =“上传/”
  

• 自定义ckeditor_uploader下的urls.py

  app01下的ckeditor_urls.py

  # 复制ckeditor_uploader下的urls.py到自己项目下的app01文件下，改名为ckeditor_urls.py,方便查找
  from __future__ import absolute_import
  
  from django.conf.urls import url
  from django.contrib.admin.views.decorators import staff_member_required
  from django.views.decorators.cache import never_cache
  
  from ckeditor_uploader import views
  
  urlpatterns = [
      url(r'^upload/', views.upload, name='ckeditor_upload'),
      url(r'^browse/', never_cache(views.browse), name='ckeditor_browse'),
  ]
  

  项目文件夹下的urls.py

  # 放ckeditor_urls.py的路径
  urlpatterns = [
      url(r'^ckeditor/', include('app01.ckeditor_urls')),
  ]
  

  models.py

  # 给文章表使用RichTextUploadingField类
  from ckeditor_uploader.fields import RichTextUploadingField
  
  # 文章内容表
  class ArticleDetail(models.Model):
      """
      文章的详细内容
      """
      content = RichTextUploadingField(verbose_name='文章内容')
  

  forms.py

  # 定义类文章详情类继承forms.ModelForm
  class ArticleDetailForm(forms.ModelForm):
      class Meta:
          model = models.ArticleDetail
          fields = "__all__"
  

  views.py

  # 文章添加
  def article_add(request):
      obj = models.Article(author=request.user_obj)
      form_obj = ArticleForm(instance=obj)
      # article_detail_form_obj = ArticleDetailForm() 实例化ArticleDetailForm对象
      error = ''
      if request.method == 'POST':
          form_obj = ArticleForm(request.POST, instance=obj)
          article_detail_form_obj = ArticleDetailForm(request.POST)
          if form_obj.is_valid() and article_detail_form_obj.is_valid(): # 进行校验
              detail_obj = article_detail_form_obj.save() # 对获取到的文章内容进行保存
              form_obj.instance.detail_id = detail_obj.pk
              form_obj.save()
              return redirect('article')
  
      return render(request, 'article_add.html', {'form_obj': form_obj, 'error': error,
                                      'article_detail_form_obj':article_detail_form_obj})
  
  html页面
  # 通过article_detail_form_obj.content显示文本框
  {{ article_detail_form_obj.content }}
  # 导入js文件
  {% load static %}
  <script type="text/javascript" src="{% static "ckeditor/ckeditor-init.js" %}"></script>
  <script type="text/javascript" src="{% static "ckeditor/ckeditor/ckeditor.js" %}"></script>
  

  # 文章的编辑
  def article_edit(request, pk):
      article_obj = models.Article.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
      form_obj = ArticleForm(instance=article_obj)
      
      article_detail_form_obj = ArticleDetailForm(instance=article_obj.detail)
      # 实例化ArticleDetailForm对象,并把当前文章对应的文章内容对象传给instance
      
      if request.method == 'POST':
          form_obj = ArticleForm(request.POST, instance=article_obj)
          article_detail_form_obj = ArticleDetailForm(request.POST, 																	instance=article_obj.detail)
          if form_obj.is_valid() and article_detail_form_obj.is_valid(): # 进行校验
              article_detail_form_obj.save() # 对获取到的文章内容进行保存
              form_obj.save()
              return redirect('article')
      return render(request, 'article_edit.html',
                    {'form_obj': form_obj, 'article_detail_form_obj': article_detail_form_obj})
  
  # html页面
  # 通过article_detail_form_obj.content显示文本框
  {{ article_detail_form_obj.content }}
  # 导入js文件
  {% load static %}
  <script type="text/javascript" src="{% static "ckeditor/ckeditor-init.js" %}"></script>
  <script type="text/javascript" src="{% static "ckeditor/ckeditor/ckeditor.js" %}"></script>