.NET CORE与Spring Boot编写控制台程序应有的优雅姿势
本文分别说明.NET CORE与Spring Boot 编写控制台程序应有的“正确”方法,以便.NET程序员、JAVA程序员可以相互学习与加深了解,注意本文只介绍用法,不会刻意强调哪种语言或哪种框架写的控制台程序要好。
本文所说的编写控制台程序应有的“正确”方法,我把正确二字加上引号,因为没有绝对的正确,因人而异,因系统设计需求而异,我这里所谓的正确方法是指使用面向对象,依赖注入IOC,切面控制AOP等编码规范来提升程序的性能、整洁度、可读性、可维护性等,最终达到让人感觉有点高大上,有点优雅的样子。
先来说说.NET CORE编写控制台程序,目前网络上大把的讲解ASP.NET CORE的编写规范,反而对于.NET CORE控制台程序编写规范介绍比较少,大多停留在Hello Word 程序中,而本文则来讲讲.NET CORE控制台的编写规范(应有的优雅姿势)^ v ^
如果说不讲什么IOC,DI,AOP等,不讲扩展性,规范性,全部面向过程(方法)编程,那估计没什么好讲的,因为无非就是定义一个class,然后在class中定义一堆的method(方法),如果在方法中需要使用到其它第三方组件,则直接单独引用,引用后进行简单封装util工具类的静态方法,甚至也不用封装,直接使用原生的方法,总之全部都是方法调方法。而这里所演示的编写控制台方法均是尽可能的使用.NET CORE所具有的特性,只有这样才能体现出.NET CORE框架的优势,否则普通控制台程序与.NET CORE控制台程序有什么区别。
编写.NET CORE控制台程序优雅姿势一:(直接使用.NET CORE的 IOC、Logging、Config组件)
代码如下:
//Program.cs using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection; using System; using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging; using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Json; using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration; using System.IO; namespace NetCoreConsoleApp { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { //设置config文件 var config = new ConfigurationBuilder() .SetBasePath(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory()) .AddJsonFile("appSettings.json", optional: true, reloadOnChange: true).Build(); //设置依赖注入 var provider = new ServiceCollection() .AddLogging(configLogging => //设置日志组件 { configLogging.SetMinimumLevel(LogLevel.Information); configLogging.AddConsole(); }) .AddScoped<IConfiguration>(p => config) .AddScoped<HostService>() .BuildServiceProvider(); var hostService = provider.GetService<HostService>(); hostService.RunAsync();//统一入口服务 Console.WriteLine("提示:程序已正常启动运行,按任意键停止运行并关闭程序..."); Console.ReadLine(); } } } //HostService.cs
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration; using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging; using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Threading; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace NetCoreConsoleApp { public class HostService { private readonly IConfiguration config; private readonly ILogger<HostService> logger; public HostService(IConfiguration config, ILogger<HostService> logger) { this.config = config; this.logger = logger; } public void RunAsync() { Task.Run((Action)Execute); } /// <summary> /// 控制台核心执行入口方法 /// </summary> private void Execute() { //TODO 业务逻辑代码,如下模拟 Stopwatch stopwatch = Stopwatch.StartNew(); for (int i = 1; i <= 100; i++) { Console.WriteLine("test WriteLine:" + i); Thread.Sleep(100); } stopwatch.Stop(); logger.LogInformation("Logging - Execute Elapsed Times:{}ms", stopwatch.ElapsedMilliseconds); } } }
因为要使用.NET CORE相关核心组件,故需要引用相关的NuGet包(引用包的方式有多种方式),而且默认的.NET CORE控制台只会生成DLL并不会生成EXE启动程序,故如果仅在WIN系统下使用,还需要设置生成方式等,详细配置属性如下:(项目文件csproj)
<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk"> <PropertyGroup> <OutputType>Exe</OutputType> <TargetFramework>netcoreapp2.2</TargetFramework> <RuntimeIdentifiers>win10-x64</RuntimeIdentifiers> <SelfContained>false</SelfContained> </PropertyGroup> <ItemGroup> <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Json" Version="2.2.0" /> <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection" Version="2.2.0" /> <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Console" Version="2.2.0" /> </ItemGroup> </Project>
如上代码虽简单但代码编写顺序很关键,这里进行说明一下:
1.因为一般应用程序都会有config文件,故我们需要先通过new ConfigurationBuilder来设置config文件的方式及路径;
2.因为要使用.NET CORE默认的IOC框架,故new ServiceCollection,然后将相关的依赖服务组件注册到IOC容器中;
3.config、logging 均是一个程序最基本的依赖组件,故将其注册到IOC容器中,注册logging有专门的扩展方法(AddLogging),而config没有则直接使用通过的注册方法(当然也可以基于ServiceCollection写一个AddConfiguration扩展方法)
4.控制台需要一个核心的入口方法,用于处理核心业务,不要直接在Program中写方法,这样就不能使用IOC,同时也没有做到职责分明,Program仅是程序启动入口,业务处理应该有专门的入口,故上述代码中有HostService类(即:核心宿主服务类, 意为存在于控制台中的服务处理类,在这个类的构造涵数中列出所需依赖的服务组件,以便实例化时IOC可以自动注入这个参数),并注册到IOC容器中,当然也可以先定义一个IHostService接口然后实现这个接口。(如果有多个HostService类实例,建议定义一个IHostService接口,接口中只需要入口方法定义即可,如:RunAsync)
5.当各组件初始化设置OK、IOC注册到位后,就应该通过IOC解析获得HostService类实例,并执行入口方法:RunAsync,该方法为异步后台执行,即调用该方法后,会在单独的后台线程处理核心业务,然后主线程继续往下面走,输出关闭提示信息,最后的Console.ReadLine();很关键,这个是等待输入流并挂起当前主线程,目的大家都知道,不要让控制台程序关闭。
通过上述的讲解及源代码展示,有没有感觉优雅呢?如果觉得这样还算优雅,那下面展示的第二种更优雅的姿势
编写.NET CORE控制台程序优雅姿势二:(使用通用主机也称泛型主机HostBuilder)
代码如下:Program.cs
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection; using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting; using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging; using NLog.Extensions.Logging; using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration; using System.IO; using Polly; using System; namespace NetCoreConsoleApp { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { var host = new HostBuilder() .ConfigureHostConfiguration(configHost => { configHost.SetBasePath(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory()); }) .ConfigureAppConfiguration(configApp => { configApp.AddJsonFile("appsettings.json", optional: false, reloadOnChange: true); }) .ConfigureServices((context, services) => { //添加数据访问组件示例:services.AddTransient<IDbAccesser>(provider => //{ // string connStr = context.Configuration.GetConnectionString("ConnDbStr"); // return new SqlDapperEasyUtil(connStr); //}); //添加HttpClient封装类示例:services.AddHttpClient<GitHubApiClient>() //.AddTransientHttpErrorPolicy(builder => builder.WaitAndRetryAsync(3, t => TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(800))); services.AddHostedService<DemoHostedService>(); }) .ConfigureLogging((context, configLogging) => { configLogging.ClearProviders(); configLogging.SetMinimumLevel(LogLevel.Trace); configLogging.AddNLog(context.Configuration); }) .UseConsoleLifetime() .Build(); host.Run(); } } }
DemoHostedService类代码:
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration; using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting; using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging; using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Threading; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace NetCoreConsoleApp { public class DemoHostedService : IHostedService { private readonly IConfiguration config; private readonly ILogger logger; public DemoHostedService(IConfiguration config, ILogger<DemoHostedService> logger) { this.config = config; this.logger = logger; } public Task StartAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken) { Console.WriteLine(nameof(DemoHostedService) + "已开始执行..."); //TODO 业务逻辑代码,如下模拟 Stopwatch stopwatch = Stopwatch.StartNew(); for (int i = 1; i <= 100; i++) { Console.WriteLine("test WriteLine:" + i); Thread.Sleep(100); } stopwatch.Stop(); logger.LogInformation("Logging - Execute Elapsed Times:{}ms", stopwatch.ElapsedMilliseconds); return Task.FromResult(0); } public Task StopAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken) { Console.WriteLine(nameof(DemoHostedService) + "已被停止"); return Task.FromResult(0); } } }
因为要使用HostBuilder类及相关的.NET CORE组件(如上代码主要使用到了:Host、Dapper、Nlog、Polly等),故仍需引用相关的NuGet包,详细配置属性如下:(项目文件csproj)
<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk"> <PropertyGroup> <OutputType>Exe</OutputType> <TargetFramework>netcoreapp2.2</TargetFramework> <RuntimeIdentifiers>win10-x64</RuntimeIdentifiers> <SelfContained>false</SelfContained> </PropertyGroup> <ItemGroup> <PackageReference Include="Dapper" Version="1.60.6" /> <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.FileExtensions" Version="2.2.0" /> <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Json" Version="2.2.0" /> <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting" Version="2.2.0" /> <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Http.Polly" Version="2.2.0" /> <PackageReference Include="NLog.Extensions.Logging" Version="1.5.1" /> <PackageReference Include="System.Collections.Concurrent" Version="4.3.0" /> </ItemGroup> <ItemGroup> <None Update="appsettings.json"> <CopyToOutputDirectory>PreserveNewest</CopyToOutputDirectory> </None> <None Update="nlog.config"> <CopyToOutputDirectory>PreserveNewest</CopyToOutputDirectory> </None> </ItemGroup> </Project>
如上代码所示,写过ASP.NET CORE程序的人可能比较眼熟,这与ASP.NET CORE的写法很类似,是的,你没有看错,HostBuilder是通用主机,是可以广泛应用于非HTTP的环境下,而ASP.NET CORE中的WebHostBuilder 主要用于HTTP WEB环境,使用方式基本类似,都是先定义HostBuilder,然后利用扩展方法注册、配置各种组件(中间件),最后调用Host的Run方法,开启后台服务执行,不同的是WebHostBuilder多了属于HTTP专有的一些属性及方法及其适用的中间件。
由于这种写法比较通用,适用于已熟悉.NET CORE或ASP.NET CORE的人群,上手也较简单,故建议采取这种方式来写.NET CORE控制台程序。需要注意的是HostBuilder中最重要的是:注册HostedService 服务,如上代码中的DemoHostedService即是实现了IHostedService接口的宿主后台服务类,可以定义多个,然后都注册到IOC中,最后Host会按注册先后顺序执行多个HostedService服务的StartAsync方法,当停止时同样会执行多个HostedService服务的StopAsync方法
下面再来看看使用Spring&Spring Boot框架来优雅的编写控制台程序
编写Spring控制台程序优雅姿势一:(只引用所必需的spring jar包、logger jar包,追求极简风)
使用IDEA +MAVEN 创建一个quickstart 控制台项目,在maven POM XML中先引用所必需的spring jar包、logger jar包等,配置如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <artifactId>spring-console</artifactId> <name>spring-console</name> <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website --> <url>http://www.zuowenjun.cn</url> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target> <spring.version>5.1.8.RELEASE</spring.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.11</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId> <version>1.7.25</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId> <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId> <version>1.2.3</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) --> <plugins> <!-- clean lifecycle, see https://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/lifecycles.html#clean_Lifecycle --> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> </plugin> <!-- default lifecycle, jar packaging: see https://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_jar_packaging --> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.0.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.8.0</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.22.1</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.0.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.5.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.8.2</version> </plugin> <!-- site lifecycle, see https://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/lifecycles.html#site_Lifecycle --> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-site-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.7.1</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.0.0</version> </plugin> </plugins> </pluginManagement> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <configuration> <source>8</source> <target>8</target> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
然后采取自定义注解类(SpringBeansConfig)的方式注册相关Bean(包含配置映射类Bean:AppProperties),代码如下:
//app.java package cn.zuowenjun.spring; import cn.zuowenjun.spring.cn.zuowenjun.spring.services.HostService; import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext; import java.io.IOException; /** * Hello world! */ public class App { public static void main(String[] args) { AnnotationConfigApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringBeansConfig.class); HostService hostService = applicationContext.getBean(HostService.class); hostService.run(); applicationContext.registerShutdownHook(); try { System.in.read(); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println("等待读取输入数据报错:" + e.getMessage() + ",将直接退出程序!"); } } } //AppProperties.java package cn.zuowenjun.spring; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; public class AppProperties { @Value("${app.name}") private String appName; @Value("${app.author}") private String appAuthor; @Value("${app.test.msg}") private String testMsg; public String getAppName() { return appName; } public void setAppName(String appName) { this.appName = appName; } public String getAppAuthor() { return appAuthor; } public void setAppAuthor(String appAuthor) { this.appAuthor = appAuthor; } public String getTestMsg() { return testMsg; } public void setTestMsg(String testMsg) { this.testMsg = testMsg; } } //SpringBeansConfig.java package cn.zuowenjun.spring; import cn.zuowenjun.spring.cn.zuowenjun.spring.services.HostService; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope; import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order; @Configuration @PropertySource(value = "classpath:app.properties", ignoreResourceNotFound = false) public class SpringBeansConfig { @Bean @Order(1) public HostService hostService() { return new HostService(); } @Bean @Order(0) @Scope("singleton") public AppProperties appProperties() { return new AppProperties(); } //注册其它所需Bean... } //HostService.java package cn.zuowenjun.spring.cn.zuowenjun.spring.services; import cn.zuowenjun.spring.AppProperties; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.util.StopWatch; import java.util.Collections; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; public class HostService { private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HostService.class); @Autowired private AppProperties appProperties; //可以添加其它属性注入 public void run() { // ExecutorService pool = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(); // pool.execute(() -> execute()); new Thread(this::execute).start(); } /// <summary> /// 控制台核心执行入口方法 /// </summary> private void execute() { //TODO 业务逻辑代码,如下模拟 StopWatch stopwatch = new StopWatch(); stopwatch.start(); for (int i = 1; i <= 100; i++) { System.out.println("test WriteLine:" + i); try { Thread.sleep(100); } catch (Exception e) { } } stopwatch.stop(); System.out.println(String.join("", Collections.nCopies(30, "="))); System.out.printf("app name is:%s %n", appProperties.getAppName()); System.out.printf("app author is:%s %n", appProperties.getAppAuthor()); System.out.printf("app test msg:%s %n", appProperties.getTestMsg()); LOGGER.info("Logging - Execute Elapsed Times:{}ms", stopwatch.getTotalTimeMillis()); } }
app.properties配置文件内容如下,注意应放在classpth目录下(即:resources目录下,没有需自行创建并设为resources目录):
app.name=demo spring console app.author=zuowenjun app.test.msg=hello java spring console app!
如上即上实现一个spring的控制台程序,当然由于是示例,故只引用了logger包,正常还需引用jdbc或ORM框架的相关jar包, 上述代码关键逻辑说明(同样要注意顺序):
1.new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext类(spring IOC容器),创建一个IOC容器,类似.NET CORE中的ServiceProvider类;
2.定义 SpringBeansConfig bean注册配置类(注册相关依赖),这个类中依次注入相关的bean,如果bean之间有依赖顺序关系,建议添加@Order并指明序号;该类作为AnnotationConfigApplicationContext的构造函数参数传入,以便IOC自动解析并完成实际注册;
3.同样是定义一个HostService 宿主服务类,并实现run方法逻辑,一般采取后台线程异步执行,为了演示效果与.NET CORE的HostService 类相同,示例逻辑基本相同。另外还定义了AppProperties配置映射类,便于直接读取配置,.NET CORE同样也有类似注册bind到配置类中,然后在服务类中使用:IOptions<配置类>作为构造函数参数实现构造函数注入。只是由于篇幅有限故.NET CORE部份直接采取了注入IConfiguration,大家有兴趣可以查看网上相关资料。
4.IOC容器初始化并注册成功后,即可解析HostService 类获得实例,执行run方法,run方法会开启线程在后台处理,并返回到主线程,直至in.read()阻塞挂起主线程,防止程序自动关闭。
编写Spring boot控制台程序优雅姿势二:(引用spring boot jar包)
使用IDEA+Spring Initializr来创建一个spring boot项目,创建过程中按需选择依赖的框架,我这里是示例,故除了默认spring-boot-starter依赖外,其余什么依赖都不添加,创建后Maven POM XML如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <groupId>cn.zuowenjun.spring</groupId> <artifactId>springboot-console</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>springboot-console</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <url>http://www.zuowenjun.cn</url> <properties> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
然后创建相关的Bean类:HostService(宿主服务类,这个与前文定义类均相同)、AppProperties(配置映射类,这个是映射默认的application.properties配置文件,注意这里的映射方式与前文所描述稍有不周,采用:@ConfigurationProperties+属性映射,无需加@Value注解,映射属性时如果有-则应写成驼峰式,如果有.则应定义内部静态类,呈现层级属性完成映射,具体的用法可以参见我之前的文章):
//HostService.java package cn.zuowenjun.spring.services; import cn.zuowenjun.spring.AppProperties; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import org.springframework.util.StopWatch; import java.util.Collections; @Component public class HostService { private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HostService.class); @Autowired private AppProperties appProperties; //可以添加其它属性注入 public void run() { // ExecutorService pool = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(); // pool.execute(() -> execute()); new Thread(this::execute).start(); } /// <summary> /// 控制台核心执行入口方法 /// </summary> private void execute() { //TODO 业务逻辑代码,如下模拟 StopWatch stopwatch = new StopWatch(); stopwatch.start(); for (int i = 1; i <= 100; i++) { System.out.println("test WriteLine:" + i); try { Thread.sleep(100); } catch (Exception e) { } } stopwatch.stop(); System.out.println(String.join("", Collections.nCopies(30, "="))); System.out.printf("app name is:%s %n", appProperties.getName()); System.out.printf("app author is:%s %n", appProperties.getAuthor()); System.out.printf("app test msg:%s %n", appProperties.getTestMsg()); LOGGER.info("Logging - Execute Elapsed Times:{}ms", stopwatch.getTotalTimeMillis()); } } //AppProperties.java package cn.zuowenjun.spring; import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "app") public class AppProperties { private String name; private String author; private String testMsg; public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getAuthor() { return author; } public void setAuthor(String author) { this.author = author; } public String getTestMsg() { return testMsg; } public void setTestMsg(String testMsg) { this.testMsg = testMsg; } }
application.properties配置文件:(注意app.test.msg此处改为了app.test-msg,因为这样就可以直接映射到类的属性中,否则得定义内部类有点麻烦)
app.name=demo spring console app.author=zuowenjun app.test-msg=hello java spring console app!
最后改造spring boot application类,让SpringbootConsoleApplication类实现ApplicationRunner接口,并在run方法中编写通过属性依赖注入获得HostService类的实例,最后执行HostService的run方法即可,代码如下:
package cn.zuowenjun.spring; import cn.zuowenjun.spring.services.HostService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationArguments; import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationRunner; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; @SpringBootApplication public class SpringbootConsoleApplication implements ApplicationRunner { @Autowired private HostService hostService; public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(SpringbootConsoleApplication.class, args); } @Override public void run(ApplicationArguments args) throws Exception { hostService.run(); } }
如上步骤即完成了优雅编写spring boot控制台程序,关键点是ApplicationRunner,这个是给spring boot执行的入口,另一种思路,我们其实还可以把HostService类改造一下,让其实现ApplicationRunner接口,那么run方法即为spring boot的启动入口。
总结一下:.
NET CORE控制台程序优雅姿势一与Spring控制台优雅姿势一核心思想是一样的,都是手动创建各个依赖组件及IOC容器的实例,都是通过IOC容器显式的解析获得HostService类的实例,最后运行HostService#run方法。
NET CORE控制台程序优雅姿势二与Spring控制台优雅姿势二核心思想也是一样的,都是利用IOC容器来直接管理注册的各个依赖组件,并由.NET CORE、Spring boot框架自行调度HostService#run方法。
我个人更倾向优雅姿势二的方法来编写.NET CORE或Spring Boot的控制台程序,因为写得更少,做得更多。