springmvc的入门
1. 什么是springMVC?
Spring Web MVC是一种基于Java的实现了MVC设计模式的、请求驱动类型的、轻量级Web框架。
2. SpringMVC处理请求的流程
2.1 首先用户发送请求-->DispatherServlet
2.2 DispatcherServlet-->HandlerMapping
2.3 DispatcherServlet-->HandlerAdapter
2.4 HandlerAdapter-->处理器功能处理方法的调用
2.5 ModelAndView的逻辑视图名-->ViewRecolver
2.6 View-->渲染
2.7 返回控制权给DispatcherServlet，由DispatcherServlet返回呼应给用户，流程结束
3. SpringMVC核心开发步骤
3.1 DispatcherServlet在web.xml中的部署描述，从而拦截请求到springMVC
3.2 HandlerMapping的配置，从而将请求映射到处理器
3.3 HandlerAdapter的配置，从而支持多种类型的处理器
3.4 处理器(页面控制器)的配置，从而刊行功能处理
3.5 ViewResolver的配置，从而将逻辑视图名解析为具体的视图技术
4. SpringMVC的组件
4.1 前端控制器(DispatcherServlet)
4.2 请求到处理器映射(HandlerMapping)
4.3 处理器适配器(HandlerAdapter)
4.4 视图解析器(ViewResolver)
4.5 处理器或页面控制器(Controller)
4.6 验证器(Validator)
4.6 命令对象(Command 请求参数绑定到的对象就叫命令对象)
4.7 表单对象(Form Object提供给表单展示和提交到的对象就叫表单对象)
5. 如何在项目中添加springmvc
5.1 添加相关依赖
把上次的spring-context干掉加上这个
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency>
<!-- ********************** JSTL依赖 ********************** -->
<!-- 缺少下面的这两个jar包会报java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/servlet/jsp/jstl/core/Config-->
<!-- 原因：org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView在视图解析时需要这二个jar包-->
<dependency> <groupId>jstl</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>taglibs</groupId> <artifactId>standard</artifactId> <version>1.1.2</version> </dependency>
5.2 在WEB-INF下添加springmvc-servlet.xml(spring-mvc.xml)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd"> <!-- 通过context:component-scan元素扫描指定包下的控制器--> <!--1) 扫描com.javaxl.zf及子子孙孙包下的控制器(扫描范围过大，耗时)--> <aop:aspectj-autoproxy/> <context:component-scan base-package="com.jt"/> <!--2) 此标签默认注册DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping和AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter --> <!--两个bean，这两个bean是spring MVC为@Controllers分发请求所必须的。并提供了数据绑定支持，--> <!--@NumberFormatannotation支持，@DateTimeFormat支持，@Valid支持，读写XML的支持（JAXB），读写JSON的支持（Jackson）--> <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven> <!--3) ViewResolver --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <!-- viewClass需要在pom中引入两个包：standard.jar and jstl.jar --> <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"></property> <property name="prefix" value="/"/> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/> </bean> <!--4) 单独处理图片、样式、js等资源 --> <!--<mvc:resources location="/css/" mapping="/css/**"/>--> <mvc:resources location="/static/" mapping="/static/**"/> <!--<mvc:resources location="/js/" mapping="/js/**"/>--> </beans>
修改WEB.xml
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" version="3.1"> <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>login.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value> </context-param> <!-- <!– 读取Spring上下文的监听器 –>--> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <!-- <!– Spring和web项目集成end –>--> <!-- <!– 防止Spring内存溢出监听器 –>--> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.IntrospectorCleanupListener</listener-class> </listener> <!-- <!– 中文乱码处理 –>--> <filter> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <!-- <!–web.xml 3.0的新特性，是否支持异步–>--> <async-supported>true</async-supported> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!--<!– Spring MVC servlet –>--> <servlet> <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <!--<!–此参数可以不配置，默认值为：/WEB-INF/springmvc-servlet.xml–>--> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> <!-- <!–web.xml 3.0的新特性，是否支持异步–>--> <async-supported>true</async-supported> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
2、Springmvc之helloword实现
演示代码
@ResponseBody @RequestMapping("/hello1") public String hello1() { System.out.println("hello springmvs 你大爷"); return "hello springmvs 你大爷"; } @RequestMapping("/hello2") public String hello2() { System.out.println("hello2 springmvs 你大爷"); return "hello"; } @ResponseBody @RequestMapping("/hello3") public Map hello3() { System.out.println("hello springmvs 你大爷"); Map map=new HashMap(); map.put("total",12); map.put("rows","一串的数据"); return map; }
效果
3、Springmvc常用注解及返回值处理
增删改查案例演示
需要用到自定义标签和分页
package com.jt.controller; import com.jt.model.Book; import com.jt.service.BookService; import com.jt.util.PageBean; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import java.util.List; /** * @author jt * @site www.xiaomage.com * @company xxx公司 * @create 2019-10-25 16:47 */ @Controller @RequestMapping("/book") public class BookController { @Autowired private BookService bookService; @RequestMapping("/list") public String list(Book book, HttpServletRequest req){ System.out.println("list"); PageBean pageBean=new PageBean(); pageBean.setRequest(req); List<Book> books = this.bookService.listPager1(book,pageBean); req.setAttribute("bookList",books); req.setAttribute("pageBean",pageBean); return "bookList"; } @RequestMapping("/preSave") public String preSave(Book book,HttpServletRequest req){ if(book !=null && book.getBid() !=null && book.getBid() !=0){ Book b = this.bookService.selectByPrimaryKey(book.getBid()); req.setAttribute("book2" ,b); } return "bookEdit"; } @RequestMapping("/add") public String add(Book book,HttpServletRequest req){ this.bookService.insertSelective(book); return "redirect:/book/list"; } @RequestMapping("/edit") public String edit(Book book,HttpServletRequest req){ this.bookService.updateByPrimaryKeySelective(book); return "redirect:/book/list"; } @RequestMapping("/del") public String del(@RequestParam Integer bid, HttpServletRequest req){ this.bookService.deleteByPrimaryKey(bid); return "redirect:/book/list"; } }
4、Springmvc静态资源处理
springmvc不可以直接访问到静态资源文件
我们需要加一个专门处理处理静态资源文件的功能
例如: 访问static的图片
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd"> <!-- 通过context:component-scan元素扫描指定包下的控制器--> <!--1) 扫描com.javaxl.zf及子子孙孙包下的控制器(扫描范围过大，耗时)--> <aop:aspectj-autoproxy/> <context:component-scan base-package="com.jt"/> <!--2) 此标签默认注册DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping和AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter --> <!--两个bean，这两个bean是spring MVC为@Controllers分发请求所必须的。并提供了数据绑定支持，--> <!--@NumberFormatannotation支持，@DateTimeFormat支持，@Valid支持，读写XML的支持（JAXB），读写JSON的支持（Jackson）--> <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven> <!--3) ViewResolver --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <!-- viewClass需要在pom中引入两个包：standard.jar and jstl.jar --> <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"></property> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/"/> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/> </bean> <!--4) 单独处理图片、样式、js等资源 --> <!--<mvc:resources location="/css/" mapping="/css/**"/>--> <!--<mvc:resources location="/images/" mapping="/images/**"/>--> <!--<mvc:resources location="/js/" mapping="/js/**"/>--> <mvc:resources location="/static/" mapping="/static/**"/> </beans>
修改这2处地方就可以了
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