Spring之IOC

1. 什么是spring,它能够做什么?  

   Spring是一个开源框架,它由Rod Johnson创建。它是为了解决企业应用开发的复杂性而创建的。
   Spring使用基本的JavaBean来完成以前只可能由EJB完成的事情。
   然而,Spring的用途不仅限于服务器端的开发。从简单性、可测试性和松耦合的角度而言,任何Java应用都可以从Spring中受益。
   目的:解决企业应用开发的复杂性
   功能:使用基本的JavaBean代替EJB,并提供了更多的企业应用功能
   范围:任何Java应用


   简单来说,Spring是一个轻量级的控制反转(IoC)和面向切面(AOP)的容器框架。

 

2. 什么是控制反转(或依赖注入)

   控制反转(IoC=Inversion of Control)IoC,用白话来讲,就是由容器控制程序之间的(依赖)关系,而非传统实现中,
   由程序代码直接操控。这也就是所谓“控制反转”的概念所在:(依赖)控制权由应用代码中转到了外部容器,控制权的转移,是所谓反转。
   IoC还有一个另外的名字:“依赖注入 (DI=Dependency Injection)”  ,即由容器动态的将某种依赖关系注入到组件之中 
   
 IOC/DI
   将以前由程序员实例化对象/赋值的工作交给了spring处理

 

3. 如何在spring当中定义和配置一个JavaBean

   3.1 id:在容器中查找Bean的id(唯一、且不能以/开头)
   3.2 class:bean的完整类名
   3.3 name:在容器中查找Bean的名字(唯一、允许以/开头、允许多个值,多个值之间用逗号或空格隔开)
   3.4 scope:(singleton|prototype)默认是singleton
   3.4.1 singleton(单例模式):在每个Spring IoC容器中一个bean定义对应一个对象实例
   3.4.2 prototype(原型模式/多例模式):一个bean定义对应多个对象实例
   3.4 abstract:将一个bean定义成抽象bean(抽象bean是不能实例化的),抽象类一定要定义成抽象bean,非抽象类也可以定义成抽象bean
   3.5 parent:指定一个父bean(必须要有继承关系才行)
   3.6 init-method:指定bean的初始化方法
   3.7 constructor-arg:使用有参数构造方法创建javaBean

接下来代码演示

首先导入pom依赖

pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.jt</groupId>
    <artifactId>Spring</artifactId>
    <packaging>war</packaging>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>Spring Maven Webapp</name>
    <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
    <properties>
        <spring.version>5.0.1.RELEASE</spring.version>
        <javax.servlet.version>4.0.0</javax.servlet.version>
        <junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>3.8.1</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 2、导入spring依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 5.1、junit -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>${junit.version}</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 5.2、servlet -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>${javax.servlet.version}</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>4.3.10.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <finalName>Spring</finalName>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.7.0</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.8</source>
                    <target>1.8</target>
                    <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

 

spring-context.xml配置,有2种方法,一种安装spring的插件,一种就是直接复制下面的代码,到XML中就可以了,推荐第二种

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
   xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
   xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">

 

 

完整的spring-context.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
default-autowire="byName" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd"> <bean class="com.jt.ioc.biz.impl.UserBizImpl2" id="userBiz"></bean> <bean class="com.jt.ioc.web.UserAction" id="xxx"> <!--set注入用property标签 --> <!-- <property name="userBiz" ref="userBiz"></property> --> <!-- <property name="uname" value="zs"></property> <property name="age" value="22"></property> --> <!--set注入用constructor-arg标签 --> <constructor-arg name="uname" value="ls"></constructor-arg> <constructor-arg name="age" value="22"></constructor-arg> <property name="hobby"> <list> <value>篮球</value> <value>rap</value> <value>跳舞</value> </list> </property> </bean> <bean class="com.jt.ioc.web.OrderAction" id="ttt"> <property name="userBiz" ref="userBiz"></property> </bean> </beans>

 

下面写一个接口

UserBiz.java

package com.jt.ioc.biz;
/**
 * 通过企业得案例来讲解使用spring ioc的必要性
 * v1.0:实现游戏的上传功能
 * v2.0:对游戏的上传功能进行优化
 * @author jt
 *
 */
public interface UserBiz {

    public void upload();
}

 

然后就是实现接口

UserBizImpl1.java

package com.jt.ioc.biz.impl;

import com.jt.ioc.biz.UserBiz;

public class UserBizImpl1 implements UserBiz{

    @Override
    public void upload() {
        System.out.println("开始优化性能的代码");
        System.out.println("实现用户上传");
    }

}

UserBizImpl2.java

package com.jt.ioc.biz.impl;

import com.jt.ioc.biz.UserBiz;

public class UserBizImpl2 implements UserBiz{

    @Override
    public void upload() {
        System.out.println("开始优化性能的代码");
        System.out.println("实现用户上传");
    }

}

 

web层

UserAction.java

package com.jt.ioc.web;

import java.util.List;

import com.jt.ioc.biz.UserBiz;
/**
 * IOC的注入方式及各类类型
 * set注入
 *    基本类型与String
 *    数组
 *    自定义类型
 * 构造注入
 * 自动装配
 *    
 * 构造注入
 * 自动装配
 *     spring4之后出现的
 *     byType:根据配置的Bean中的接口,在Spring的上下文中寻找对应的实现类
 *     byName:根据配置的Bean中的接口名字,在Spring的上下文中寻找对应的实现类
 * @author jt
 *
 */
public class UserAction {

    private UserBiz userBiz;
    private String uname;
    private int age;
    private List<String> hobby;

    
    public UserAction() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

    public UserAction(String uname, int age) {
        super();
        this.uname = uname;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public UserBiz getUserBiz() {
        return userBiz;
    }

    public void setUserBiz(UserBiz userBiz) {
        this.userBiz = userBiz;
    }
    public List<String> getHobby() {
        return hobby;
    }

    public void setHobby(List<String> hobby) {
        this.hobby = hobby;
    }

    public void upload() {
        userBiz.upload();
    }
    /**
     * 注入问题
     */
    public void test1() {
        System.out.println(this.uname);
        System.out.println(this.age);
        System.out.println(this.hobby);
    }
    
}

 

测试类IocTest.java

package com.jt.ioc.test;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.jt.ioc.web.OrderAction;
import com.jt.ioc.web.UserAction;


public class IocTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
//        UserAction userAction=new UserAction();
//        userAction.upload();
        ApplicationContext springContext= new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/spring-context.xml");
        UserAction userAction=(UserAction) springContext.getBean("xxx");
        OrderAction orderAction=(OrderAction) springContext.getBean("ttt");
        userAction.upload();
        orderAction.upload();
//        userAction.test1();
    }
}

 

 2、spring管理整个工程中的JavaBean

 2.1 创建一个监听器  SpringLoaderListenter

package com.jt.ioc.listener;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebListener;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
/**
 * Spring作为管理整个工程中的所有Javabean,那么如何在用户发送请求的时候能够访问到
 * 处理方式:
 *       在监听器中将spring的上下文交给tomcat的上下文中进行管理
 *       浏览器--》request-->servletContext-->springContext-->任意的javaBean
 * @author jt
 *
 */
@WebListener
public class SpringLoaderListener implements ServletContextListener{
    

    @Override
    public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) {
        System.out.println("tomcat一启动就触发了...");
        ServletContext tomcatContext = sce.getServletContext();
        String springXmlLocation = tomcatContext.getInitParameter("springXmlLocation");
        System.out.println("spring的上下文配置文件:"+springXmlLocation);
        ApplicationContext springContext = null;
        if(springXmlLocation == null || "".equals(springXmlLocation)) {
            springContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/spring-context.xml");
        }else {
            springContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(springXmlLocation);
        }
        tomcatContext.setAttribute("spring_key", springContext);
    }
    
}

 

创建servlet  UserServlet

package com.jt.ioc.web;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
@WebServlet("/user")
public class UserServlet extends HttpServlet{

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req, resp);
    }
    
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("处理用户请求");
        ApplicationContext springContext = (ApplicationContext) req.getServletContext().getAttribute("spring_key");
        UserAction userAction = (UserAction) springContext.getBean("xxx");
        userAction.upload();

    }
}

 

配置web.xml

<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
    id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
  <context-param>
     <param-name>springXmlLocation</param-name>
     <param-value>/spring-other.xml</param-value>
  </context-param>
</web-app>

 

spring-other.xml其实就是spring-context.xml复制版,改下类名就可以了

 


 

posted @ 2019-08-11 23:09  youshutup  阅读(87)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报