由于map和其他STL中有相同性,因此可以用在其他的容器中
由于习惯原因下文中将通常说的Keys说成“搜索项”
寻找在map中的当前值的函数
.find()函数
// map::find #include <iostream> #include <map> using namespace std; int main () { std::map<char,int> mymap; std::map<char,int>::iterator it; mymap['a']=50; mymap['b']=100; mymap['c']=150; mymap['d']=200; cout<<mymap.find('b')->second<<endl ; cout<<mymap.find('f')->first<<' '<<mymap.find('f')->second<<endl;//如果没有则返回的是一个未知的字符和地址,也就是不确定的 if(mymap.find('f')->first=='f') cout<<' '<<mymap.find('f')->second<<endl; return 0; }
寻找map变量的起始地址
.begin()
(map中最基本的函数)
注意begin()函数是始终指向开始的即使是删掉第一个值(详见erase())
// map::begin/end #include <iostream> #include <map> int main () { std::map<char,int> mymap; std::map<char,int>::iterator it; mymap['b'] = 100; mymap['a'] = 200; mymap['c'] = 300; // show content: std::map<char,int>::iterator it; for (it=mymap.begin(); it!=mymap.end(); ++it) std::cout << it->first << " => " << it->second << '\n'; return 0; }
清空map所有变量函数
clear()
清空所有的序列,长度变为0
<em>#include <iostream> #include <map> using namespace std; int main () { std::map<char,int> mymap; mymap['x']=100; mymap['y']=200; mymap['z']=300; mymap.clear(); cout<<mymap.size()<<endl; return 0; } </em>
运行结果:
0
查找在map变量中是否存在当前值
count()
由于在map中所有的索引项都不存在重复的现象,所以此函数只能返回1(能查找到)和0(未查找到)
此函数和find()的区别;因为find返回的可以是找到的索引项,也可以是索引项所含的数据,但是
在count中不可以这样用
//map::count #include <iostream> #include <map> using namespace std; int main () { std::map<char,int> mymap; char c; mymap ['a']=101; mymap ['c']=202; mymap ['f']=303; for (c='a'; c<'h'; c++) { cout << c; if (mymap.count(c)>0) cout << " is an element of mymap.\n"; else cout << " is not an element of mymap.\n"; } return 0; }
运行结果:
a is an element of mymap.
b is not an element of mymap.
c is an element of mymap.
d is not an element of mymap.
e is not an element of mymap.
f is an element of mymap.
g is not an element of mymap.
查找reverse倒置排序后的首地址函数
rbegin()
返回的是在revese中的首地址
// map::rbegin/rend #include <iostream> #include <map> int main () { std::map<char,int> mymap; mymap['x'] = 100; mymap['y'] = 200; mymap['z'] = 300; // show content: std::map<char,int>::reverse_iterator rit; for (rit=mymap.rbegin(); rit!=mymap.rend(); ++rit) std::cout << rit->first << " => " << rit->second << '\n'; return 0; }
运行结果:
z => 300
y => 200
x => 100
判断map变量是否为空函数
.empty() 返回的是该map是否为空,空返回1;否则返回0
// map::empty #include <iostream> #include <map> using namespace std; int main () { std::map<char,int> mymap; mymap['a']=10; mymap['b']=20; mymap['c']=30; while (!mymap.empty()) { std::cout << mymap.begin()->first << " => " << mymap.begin()->second << '\n'; mymap.erase(mymap.begin()); } cout<<mymap.size();//长度变为零 return 0; }
运行结果:
a => 10
b => 20
c => 30
0
查找结束位置函数
end()
// map::begin/end
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
int main ()
{
std::map<char,int> mymap;
mymap['b'] = 100;
mymap['a'] = 200;
mymap['c'] = 300;
// show content:
for (std::map<char,int>::iterator it=mymap.begin(); it!=mymap.end(); ++it)
std::cout << it->first << " => " << it->second << '\n';
return 0;
}
运行结果:
a => 200
b => 100
c => 300
erase()
擦除的可以是一个元素,也可以是一个范围
// erasing from map #include <iostream> #include <map> using namespace std; int main () { std::map<char,int> mymap; std::map<char,int>::iterator it; // insert some values: mymap['a']=10; mymap['b']=20; mymap['c']=30; mymap['d']=40; mymap['e']=50; mymap['f']=60; it=mymap.find('b'); mymap.erase (it); // erasing by iterator mymap.erase ('c'); // erasing by key it=mymap.find ('e'); mymap.erase ( it, mymap.end() ); // erasing by range // show content: for (it=mymap.begin(); it!=mymap.end(); ++it) std::cout << it->first << " => " << it->second << '\n'; cout<<mymap.size();//仅剩下a和d所在的两个数了 return 0; }
运行结果:
a => 10
d => 40
2
插入函数
insert()
函数
#include <iostream> #include <map> using namespace std; int main () { map<char,int> mymap; // 第一种插入方式(只插入单个值) mymap.insert ( pair<char,int>('a',100) ); mymap.insert ( pair<char,int>('z',200) ); //下面是用来显示insert函数的返回值和插入成功与否的判断 //如果只是研究插入方法的话,此段可以不研究 pair< map<char,int>::iterator,bool > ret;//此处是设置insert的返回类型 ret = mymap.insert ( pair<char,int>('z',500) );//可以将该处的'z'修改成'x',观察当插入成功时候的返回值 if (ret.second==false)//如果是已经存在的就返回0 { cout << "element '"<<ret.first->first<<"' already existed"; cout << " with a value of " << ret.first->second << '\n'; } else { cout << "element '"<<ret.first->first<<"' creat successfully"; cout << " with a value of " << ret.first->second << '\n'; } // 第二种插入方式 (插入到指定位置): map<char,int>::iterator it = mymap.begin(); mymap.insert (it, pair<char,int>('b',300)); // max efficiency inserting mymap.insert (it, pair<char,int>('c',400)); // no max efficiency inserting // 第三种插入方式(插入一定范围的数值) map<char,int> anothermap; anothermap.insert(mymap.begin(),mymap.find('c'));//mymap.find('c')插入的末地址,但是插入时不包括改地址 //第四种插入方式(插入单个值) mymap.insert(map<char,int>::value_type('x',20000000)); //第五种 (不是经常用的插入方式)(只插入单个值) mymap['f']=100000000; // showing contents: cout << "mymap contains:\n"; for (it=mymap.begin(); it!=mymap.end(); ++it) cout << it->first << " => " << it->second << '\n'; cout << "anothermap contains:\n"; for (it=anothermap.begin(); it!=anothermap.end(); ++it) cout << it->first << " => " << it->second << '\n'; return 0; }
运行结果:
element 'z' already existed with a value of 200
mymap contains:
a => 100
b => 300
c => 400
f => 100000000
x => 20000000
z => 200
anothermap contains:
a => 100
b => 300
测试map长度的函数
size()
运行结果:
// map::size #include <iostream> #include <map> int main () { std::map<char,int> mymap; mymap['a']=101; mymap['b']=202; mymap['c']=302; std::cout << "mymap.size() is " << mymap.size() << '\n'; return 0; }
3
max_size()
// map::max_size #include <iostream> #include <map> int main () { int i; std::map<int,int> mymap; if (mymap.max_size()>1000) { for (i=0; i<1000; i++) mymap[i]=0; std::cout << "The map contains 1000 elements.\n"; } else std::cout << "The map could not hold 1000 elements.\n"; return 0; }
附加map的特点:
入过出现在容器map中不存在的索引项,则自动生成一个新的空间
// accessing mapped values #include <iostream> #include <map> #include <string> using namespace std; int main () { map<char,string> mymap; mymap['a']="an element"; mymap['b']="another element"; mymap['c']=mymap['b']; cout << "mymap now contains " << mymap.size() << " elements.\n"; cout << "mymap['a'] is " << mymap['a'] << '\n';cout << "mymap['b'] is " << mymap['b'] << '\n'; cout << "mymap['c'] is " << mymap['c'] << '\n'; cout << "mymap['d'] is " << mymap['d'] << '\n';//注意本行输出结果与find找不到时的返回值的不同这个返回的是空字符串 cout << "mymap now contains " << mymap.size() << " elements.\n"; if(mymap['d']=="\0") //返回的是空字符串 cout<<"This is an empty string"; return 0; }
未完待续
参考网站:http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/map/map/max_size/