Sweety

Practice makes perfect

导航

C++ map用法

Posted on 2014-07-26 10:52  蓝空  阅读(783)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报

 由于map和其他STL中有相同性,因此可以用在其他的容器中

由于习惯原因下文中将通常说的Keys说成“搜索项”

寻找在map中的当前值的函数


.find()函数

// map::find
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
using namespace std;
int main ()
{
  std::map<char,int> mymap;
  std::map<char,int>::iterator it;

  mymap['a']=50;
  mymap['b']=100;
  mymap['c']=150;
  mymap['d']=200;

cout<<mymap.find('b')->second<<endl ;
cout<<mymap.find('f')->first<<' '<<mymap.find('f')->second<<endl;//如果没有则返回的是一个未知的字符和地址,也就是不确定的
if(mymap.find('f')->first=='f')
cout<<' '<<mymap.find('f')->second<<endl;
return 0;
}

 


寻找map变量的起始地址

.begin()

(map中最基本的函数)

注意begin()函数是始终指向开始的即使是删掉第一个值(详见erase())

// map::begin/end
#include <iostream>
#include <map>

int main ()
{
  std::map<char,int> mymap;
  std::map<char,int>::iterator it;

  mymap['b'] = 100;
  mymap['a'] = 200;
  mymap['c'] = 300;

  // show content:
  std::map<char,int>::iterator it;
  for (it=mymap.begin(); it!=mymap.end(); ++it)
    std::cout << it->first << " => " << it->second << '\n';
  return 0;
}



 

清空map所有变量函数

clear()

清空所有的序列,长度变为0

<em>#include <iostream>
#include <map>
using namespace std;
int main ()
{
  std::map<char,int> mymap;

  mymap['x']=100;
  mymap['y']=200;
  mymap['z']=300;
mymap.clear();
cout<<mymap.size()<<endl;
return 0;
}

</em>


运行结果:

0

 

查找在map变量中是否存在当前值

count()

由于在map中所有的索引项都不存在重复的现象,所以此函数只能返回1(能查找到)和0(未查找到)
此函数和find()的区别;因为find返回的可以是找到的索引项,也可以是索引项所含的数据,但是
在count中不可以这样用

//map::count
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
using namespace std;
int main ()
{
  std::map<char,int> mymap;
  char c;

  mymap ['a']=101;
  mymap ['c']=202;
  mymap ['f']=303;

  for (c='a'; c<'h'; c++)
  {
      cout << c;
    if (mymap.count(c)>0)
      cout << " is an element of mymap.\n";
    else
      cout << " is not an element of mymap.\n";
  }

  return 0;
}


运行结果:

a is an element of mymap.
b is not an element of mymap.
c is an element of mymap.
d is not an element of mymap.
e is not an element of mymap.
f is an element of mymap.
g is not an element of mymap.


 

 

查找reverse倒置排序后的首地址函数

rbegin()

返回的是在revese中的首地址

// map::rbegin/rend
#include <iostream>
#include <map>

int main ()
{
  std::map<char,int> mymap;

  mymap['x'] = 100;
  mymap['y'] = 200;
  mymap['z'] = 300;

  // show content:
  std::map<char,int>::reverse_iterator rit;
  for (rit=mymap.rbegin(); rit!=mymap.rend(); ++rit)
    std::cout << rit->first << " => " << rit->second << '\n';

  return 0;
}


运行结果:

z => 300
y => 200
x => 100

 

判断map变量是否为空函数

.empty() 返回的是该map是否为空,空返回1;否则返回0

// map::empty
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
using namespace std;
int main ()
{
  std::map<char,int> mymap;

  mymap['a']=10;
  mymap['b']=20;
  mymap['c']=30;

  while (!mymap.empty())
  {
    std::cout << mymap.begin()->first << " => " << mymap.begin()->second << '\n';
    mymap.erase(mymap.begin());
  }
  cout<<mymap.size();//长度变为零
  return 0;
}

运行结果:

a => 10
b => 20
c => 30
0

查找结束位置函数

end()

// map::begin/end
#include <iostream>
#include <map>

int main ()
{
  std::map<char,int> mymap;

  mymap['b'] = 100;
  mymap['a'] = 200;
  mymap['c'] = 300;

  // show content:
  for (std::map<char,int>::iterator it=mymap.begin(); it!=mymap.end(); ++it)
    std::cout << it->first << " => " << it->second << '\n';

  return 0;
}

运行结果:

a => 200
b => 100
c => 300

erase()

擦除的可以是一个元素,也可以是一个范围

// erasing from map
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
using namespace std;
int main ()
{
  std::map<char,int> mymap;
  std::map<char,int>::iterator it;

  // insert some values:
  mymap['a']=10;
  mymap['b']=20;
  mymap['c']=30;
  mymap['d']=40;
  mymap['e']=50;
  mymap['f']=60;

  it=mymap.find('b');
  mymap.erase (it);                   // erasing by iterator

  mymap.erase ('c');                  // erasing by key

  it=mymap.find ('e');
  mymap.erase ( it, mymap.end() );    // erasing by range

  // show content:
  for (it=mymap.begin(); it!=mymap.end(); ++it)
    std::cout << it->first << " => " << it->second << '\n';
  cout<<mymap.size();//仅剩下a和d所在的两个数了
  return 0;
}

运行结果:
a => 10
d => 40
2

插入函数

insert()

函数

#include <iostream>
#include <map>
using namespace std;
int main ()
{
   map<char,int> mymap;

  // 第一种插入方式(只插入单个值)                                                                                                                 mymap.insert ( pair<char,int>('a',100) );
  mymap.insert ( pair<char,int>('z',200) );
 
   
//下面是用来显示insert函数的返回值和插入成功与否的判断  
//如果只是研究插入方法的话,此段可以不研究   
pair< map<char,int>::iterator,bool > ret;//此处是设置insert的返回类型  
ret = mymap.insert (  pair<char,int>('z',500) );//可以将该处的'z'修改成'x',观察当插入成功时候的返回值 
if (ret.second==false)//如果是已经存在的就返回0 
{    
 cout << "element '"<<ret.first->first<<"' already existed";  
 cout << " with a value of " << ret.first->second << '\n';  
}   
else  
{     
 cout << "element '"<<ret.first->first<<"' creat successfully";  
 cout << " with a value of " << ret.first->second << '\n';   
}


  // 第二种插入方式 (插入到指定位置):
   map<char,int>::iterator it = mymap.begin();
  mymap.insert (it,  pair<char,int>('b',300));  // max efficiency inserting
  mymap.insert (it,  pair<char,int>('c',400));  // no max efficiency inserting
  // 第三种插入方式(插入一定范围的数值)                                                                                                         map<char,int> anothermap;
  anothermap.insert(mymap.begin(),mymap.find('c'));//mymap.find('c')插入的末地址,但是插入时不包括改地址
 
//第四种插入方式(插入单个值)
  mymap.insert(map<char,int>::value_type('x',20000000));
//第五种 (不是经常用的插入方式)(只插入单个值)
      mymap['f']=100000000; 
  // showing contents:
   cout << "mymap contains:\n";
  for (it=mymap.begin(); it!=mymap.end(); ++it)
     cout << it->first << " => " << it->second << '\n';

   cout << "anothermap contains:\n";
  for (it=anothermap.begin(); it!=anothermap.end(); ++it)
     cout << it->first << " => " << it->second << '\n';

  return 0;
}



 

运行结果:

element 'z' already existed with a value of 200
mymap contains:
a => 100
b => 300
c => 400
f => 100000000
x => 20000000
z => 200
anothermap contains:
a => 100
b => 300

 

 

测试map长度的函数

size()

运行结果:

// map::size
#include <iostream>
#include <map>

int main ()
{
  std::map<char,int> mymap;
  mymap['a']=101;
  mymap['b']=202;
  mymap['c']=302;

  std::cout << "mymap.size() is " << mymap.size() << '\n';

  return 0;
}


 

3

 

 

max_size()

// map::max_size
#include <iostream>
#include <map>

int main ()
{
  int i;
  std::map<int,int> mymap;

  if (mymap.max_size()>1000)
  {
    for (i=0; i<1000; i++) mymap[i]=0;
    std::cout << "The map contains 1000 elements.\n";
  }
  else std::cout << "The map could not hold 1000 elements.\n";

  return 0;
}


 

 

附加map的特点:

入过出现在容器map中不存在的索引项,则自动生成一个新的空间

// accessing mapped values
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main ()
{
  map<char,string> mymap;

  mymap['a']="an element";
  mymap['b']="another element";
  mymap['c']=mymap['b'];
  cout << "mymap now contains " << mymap.size() << " elements.\n";
  cout << "mymap['a'] is " << mymap['a'] << '\n';cout << "mymap['b'] is " << mymap['b'] << '\n';
  cout << "mymap['c'] is " << mymap['c'] << '\n';
  cout << "mymap['d'] is " << mymap['d'] << '\n';//注意本行输出结果与find找不到时的返回值的不同这个返回的是空字符串
  cout << "mymap now contains " << mymap.size() << " elements.\n";
  if(mymap['d']=="\0")         //返回的是空字符串
    cout<<"This is an empty string";
  return 0;
}

未完待续

 参考网站:http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/map/map/max_size/