vue3 + elementplus 教程
一. 初始化
安装@vue/cli ,
-g
: 全局安装vue-cli
npm install @vue/cli -g
或者
yarn global add @vue/cli
二. 创建项目
vue create 项目名
进行项目初始化
D:\workspace\test>vue create element-plus-test ? Your connection to the default npm registry seems to be slow. Use https://registry.npm.taobao.org for faster installation? (Y/n)y
是否使用淘宝镜像进行快速安装
Vue CLI v4.5.15 ? Please pick a preset: (Use arrow keys) Default ([Vue 2] babel, eslint) Default (Vue 3) ([Vue 3] babel, eslint) > Manually select features
Manually select features【选择手动配置】
Vue CLI v4.5.15 ? Please pick a preset: Manually select features ? Check the features needed for your project: (*) Choose Vue version (*) Babel (*) TypeScript >( ) Progressive Web App (PWA) Support (*) Router (*) Vuex (*) CSS Pre-processors (*) Linter / Formatter ( ) Unit Testing ( ) E2E Testing
Check the features needed for your project (选择你项目需要添加的功能) ;
Choose Vue Version
: 选择vue版本Babel
:转码器,可以将ES6代码转为ES5代码,从而在现有环境执行。TypeScript
:TypeScript是一个JavaScript(后缀.js)的超集(后缀.ts)包含并扩展了 JavaScript 的语法,需要被编译输出为 JavaScript在浏览器运行Progressive Web App (PWA) Support
:渐进式Web应用程序
Router
:vue-router(vue路由)
Vuex
:vuex(vue的状态管理模式)CSS Pre-processors:css预处理器(如:less、sass)
Linter
/Formatter
:代码风格检查和格式化(如:ESlint)Unit Testing
:单元测试(unit tests)- E2E Testing:e2e(end to end) 测试
Vue CLI v4.5.15 ? Please pick a preset: Manually select features ? Check the features needed for your project: Choose Vue version, Babel, TS, Router, Vuex, CSS Pre-processors, Linter ? Choose a version of Vue.js that you want to start the project with 2.x > 3.x
Choose a version of Vue.js that you want to start the project with (选择项目使用的vue版本),选择3.x
? Use class-style component syntax? (y/N) y
是否使用Class风格装饰器?如果在项目中想要保持使用TypeScript的class风格的话,建议选择y
即原本是:home = new Vue()创建vue实例
使用装饰器后:class home extends Vue{}
? Use Babel alongside TypeScript (required for modern mode, auto-detected polyfills, transpiling JSX)? (Y/n) y
使用Babel与TypeScript一起用于自动检测的填充? yes
? Use history mode for router? (Requires proper server setup for index fallback in production) (Y/n) y
路由使用历史模式? 这种模式充分利用 history.pushState API 来完成 URL 跳转而无须重新加载页面
? Pick a CSS pre-processor (PostCSS, Autoprefixer and CSS Modules are supported by default): Less
Pick a CSS pre-processor : (选择一个CSS预处理器) ,这里选择 less
? Pick a linter / formatter config: (Use arrow keys) > ESLint with error prevention only ESLint + Airbnb config ESLint + Standard config ESLint + Prettier TSLint (deprecated)
Pick a linter / formatter config (选择一个格式化配置),选择:ESLint + Standard config
ESLint with error prevention only
: 只进行报错提醒;ESLint + Airbnb config
: 不严谨模式;ESLint + Standard config
: 标准模式;ESLint + Prettier
: 严格模式;TSLint (deprecated)
: typescript格式验证工具
? Pick additional lint features: (Press <space> to select, <a> to toggle all, <i> to invert selection) >(*) Lint on save ( ) Lint and fix on commit (requires Git)
代码检查方式:选择保存时检查
? Where do you prefer placing config for Babel, ESLint, etc.? (Use arrow keys) In dedicated config files > In package.json
Where do you prefer placing config for Babel, ESLint, etc.? 选择:In package.json ,
vue-cli 一般来讲是将所有的依赖目录放在package.json文件里
? Save this as a preset for future projects? (y/N) n
是否在以后的项目中使用以上配置?n
然后等待安装。。。。
Vue CLI v4.5.15 ✨ Creating project in D:\workspace\test\element-plus-test. ⚙️ Installing CLI plugins. This might take a while... added 1327 packages in 22s 16 packages are looking for funding run `npm fund` for details 🚀 Invoking generators... 📦 Installing additional dependencies... added 169 packages in 7s 26 packages are looking for funding run `npm fund` for details ⚓ Running completion hooks... 📄 Generating README.md... 🎉 Successfully created project element-plus-test. 👉 Get started with the following commands: $ cd element-plus-test $ npm run serve
项目创建成功。
三. vue3项目结构介绍
结构
|-node_modules -- 所有的项目依赖包都放在这个目录下
|-public -- 公共文件夹
---|favicon.ico -- 网站的显示图标
---|index.html -- 入口的html文件
|-src -- 源文件目录,编写的代码基本都在这个目录下
---|assets -- 放置静态文件的目录,比如logo.pn就放在这里
---|components -- Vue的组件文件,自定义的组件都会放到这
---|router -- vue-router路由文件。index.ts中引入views包下的*.vue
---|store -- 是vuex的文件,主要用于项目里边的一些状态保存。比如state、actions等
---|views -- 用于存放我们写好的各种页面,即路由组件,比如Login.vue,Home.vue
---|App.vue -- 根组件,这个在Vue2中也有
---|main.ts -- 入口文件,因为采用了TypeScript所以是ts结尾
---|shims-vue.d.ts -- 类文件(也叫定义文件),因为.vue结尾的文件在ts中不认可,所以要有定义文件
|-.browserslistrc -- 在不同前端工具之间公用目标浏览器和node版本的配置文件,作用是设置兼容性
|-.eslintrc.js -- Eslint的配置文件,不用作过多介绍
|-.gitignore -- 用来配置那些文件不归git管理
|-babel.config.js --工具链,主要用于在当前和较旧的浏览器或环境中将ES6的代码转换向后兼容
|-package.json -- 命令配置和包管理文件
|-README.md -- 项目的说明文件,使用markdown语法进行编写
|-tsconfig.json -- 关于TypoScript的配置文件
四. 集成element-plus
npm install element-plus --save
现在的package.json
{ "name": "element-plus-test", "version": "0.1.0", "private": true, "scripts": { "serve": "vue-cli-service serve", "build": "vue-cli-service build", "lint": "vue-cli-service lint" }, "dependencies": { "axios": "^0.24.0", "core-js": "^3.6.5", "element-plus": "^1.2.0-beta.3", "vue": "^3.0.0", "vue-class-component": "^8.0.0-0", "vue-router": "^4.0.0-0", "vuex": "^4.0.0-0" }, "devDependencies": { "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": "^4.18.0", "@typescript-eslint/parser": "^4.18.0", "@vue/cli-plugin-babel": "~4.5.0", "@vue/cli-plugin-eslint": "~4.5.0", "@vue/cli-plugin-router": "~4.5.0", "@vue/cli-plugin-typescript": "~4.5.0", "@vue/cli-plugin-vuex": "~4.5.0", "@vue/cli-service": "~4.5.0", "@vue/compiler-sfc": "^3.0.0", "@vue/eslint-config-standard": "^5.1.2", "@vue/eslint-config-typescript": "^7.0.0", "eslint": "^6.7.2", "eslint-plugin-import": "^2.20.2", "eslint-plugin-node": "^11.1.0", "eslint-plugin-promise": "^4.2.1", "eslint-plugin-standard": "^4.0.0", "eslint-plugin-vue": "^7.0.0", "less": "^3.0.4", "less-loader": "^5.0.0", "typescript": "~4.1.5" }, "eslintConfig": { "root": true, "env": { "node": true }, "extends": [ "plugin:vue/vue3-essential", "@vue/standard", "@vue/typescript/recommended" ], "parserOptions": { "ecmaVersion": 2020 }, "rules": {} }, "browserslist": [ "> 1%", "last 2 versions", "not dead" ] }
下面修改main.ts
import { createApp } from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import router from './router'
import store from './store'
import ElementPlus from 'element-plus' // 引入element-plus
import 'element-plus/theme-chalk/index.css' // 引入element-plus的样式
createApp(App)
.use(store)
.use(router)
.use(ElementPlus, { zIndex: 3000, size: 'small' }) // 使用element-plus
.mount('#app')
修改App.vue页面,增加一个element-plus按钮显示
<template> <div id="nav"> <router-link to="/">Home</router-link> | <router-link to="/about">About</router-link> </div>
<!-- element-plus按钮 --> <el-button type="primary">hello element-plus</el-button> <router-view/> </template>
运行,如图