单例模式

 单例模式

定义：

确保某个类只有一个实例，而且自行实例化并向整个系统提供这个实例

 

使用场景：

 

实现单例模式几个关键点

例子：

public class Staff {
    public void work() {
        
    }
}

public class VP extends Staff{
    public void work() {
        
    }
}

public class CEO extends Staff{
    
    private static final CEO M_CEO = new CEO();
    
    private CEO() {
        
    }
    
    public void work() {
        
    }
    
    
    public static CEO getCEO() {
        return M_CEO;
    }
    
}

 

public class Company {
    
    private List<Staff> list = new ArrayList<>();
    
    public void addStaff(Staff per) {
        list.add(per);
    }
    
    public void showStaff() {
        for(Staff staff : list) {
            System.out.println(staff.toString());
        }
    }
    
    
    public static void main(String [] args) {
        Company company = new Company();
        
        Staff ceo1 = CEO.getCEO();
        Staff ceo2 = CEO.getCEO();
        
        company.addStaff(ceo1);
        company.addStaff(ceo2);
        
        
        Staff vp1 = new VP();
        Staff vp2 = new VP();
        
        
        Staff staff1 = new Staff();
        Staff staff2 = new Staff();
        Staff staff3 = new Staff();
        
        company.addStaff(vp1);
        company.addStaff(vp2);
        company.addStaff(staff1);
        company.addStaff(staff2);
        company.addStaff(staff3);    
        company.showStaff();
        
    
    }
}

 上面的例子就是饿汉模式，以下简单例子：

class Singleton{
    private static Singleton instance = new Singleton();
    
    private Singleton() {   
    }

    public static Singleton getInstance() {
        return instance;
    }
}

 

单例模式的其他实现方法

1、懒汉模式，线程安全

class Singleton{
    private static Singleton instance;
    
    private Singleton() {   
    }

    public static synchronized Singleton getInstance() {
        if(instance == null) {
            instance = new Singleton();
        }
        return instance;
    }
}

2、懒汉模式，线程不安全

上面的那个例子把 getInstance（）方法的关键字synchronized去掉就是了

3、双重校验锁double check lock DCL

public class Singleton {  
    private volatile static Singleton singleton;  
    private Singleton (){}  
    public static Singleton getSingleton() {  
    if (singleton == null) {  
        synchronized (Singleton.class) {  
        if (singleton == null) {  
            singleton = new Singleton();  
        }  
        }  
    }  
    return singleton;  
    }  
}

4、静态内部类单例模式

class Singleton{
    private Singleton() {
    }
    
    public static Singleton getInstance() {
        return SingletonHolder.SINGLETON;
    }
    
    private static class SingletonHolder{
        private static final Singleton SINGLETON = new Singleton();
    }
}

 

5、枚举单例模式

public enum Singleton {  
    INSTANCE;  
    public void whateverMethod() {  
    }  
}

 

 

6、使用容器实现单例模式

class Singleton{
    private static Map<String, Object> objMap = new HashMap<>();
    
    private Singleton() {
        
    }
    
    public static void registerService(String key,Object object) {
        if(!objMap.containsKey(key)) {
            objMap.put(key, object);
        }
    }
    
    public static Object getService(String key) {
        return objMap.get(key);
    }
}