C++实现二叉树,运用模板,界面友好,操作方便 运行流畅
//.h文件 #ifndef TREE_H #define TREE_H #include<iostream> #include<iomanip> using namespace std; template<typename T> struct Node //树结点 { T data; Node<T> *left, *right; Node(const T& item); }; template<typename T> Node<T>::Node(const T& item) //树结点初始化 { data = item; left = NULL; right = NULL; } template<typename T> //队列结点 struct QNode { Node<T>* pdata; QNode<T>* next; QNode( Node<T>* &pd, QNode* tp); }; template<typename T> //队列结点初始化 QNode<T>::QNode( Node<T>* &pd, QNode* tp) { pdata = pd; next = tp; } template<typename T> //放删除元素的队列结点 struct DQNode { T d_data; DQNode<T>* dnext; DQNode(const T& ditem, DQNode<T>* dp); }; template<typename T> //放删除元素的队列结点初始化 DQNode<T>::DQNode(const T& ditem, DQNode<T>* dp) { d_data = ditem; dnext = dp; } template<typename T> //二叉树类 class Tree { private: Node<T>* root; QNode<T>* head, *tail; DQNode<T>*dhead, *dtail; int size;//记录二叉树结点长度 int qsize;//记录队列长度 int dsize;//记录DQNode队列长度 public: Tree(); ~Tree(); void Operate(); private: Node<T>* Creat(Node<T>* &rt); void Destory(Node<T>* t); void Del(Node<T>* t); void FiRoTra(Node<T>* rt ,int& ct); void MiRoTra(Node<T>* rt, int& ct); void LaRoTra(Node<T>* rt, int& ct); void LeveTra(Node<T>* rt, int& ct); void Addq( Node<T>* &pt); Node<T>* Outq(); void AddDq(const T& tdata); void Delq(); void Deld(); void ShowAll(QNode<T>* header); void D_ShowAll(DQNode<T>* dheader); Node<T>* GetFather(Node<T>* t, Node<T>* p); void Search(Node<T>* t, const T& item, bool& sign); }; template<typename T> //类构造函数 Tree<T>::Tree() { root = NULL; head = NULL; tail = NULL; dhead = NULL; dtail = NULL; size = 0; qsize = 0; dsize = 0; } template<typename T> //类析构函数 Tree<T>::~Tree() { Destory(root); } template<typename T> //入队一个元素 void Tree<T>::Addq( Node<T>* &pnode) { if (!head){ head = tail = new QNode<T>(pnode,NULL); qsize = 1; } else { tail->next = new QNode<T>(pnode, NULL); tail = tail->next; qsize++; } } template<typename T> //出队一个元素 Node<T>* Tree<T>::Outq() { Node<T>* p; QNode<T>* item; p = head->pdata; item = head; head = head->next; delete item; qsize--; return p; } template<typename T> //DQNode入队一个元素 void Tree<T>:: AddDq(const T& tdata) { if (!dhead){ dhead = dtail = new DQNode<T>(tdata, NULL); dsize = 1; } else { dtail->dnext = new DQNode<T>(tdata, NULL); dtail = dtail->dnext; dsize++; } } template<typename T> //清空队列 void Tree<T>::Delq() { while (head) { QNode<T>* temp; temp = head; head = head->next; delete temp; } } template<typename T> //清空DQNode队列 void Tree<T>::Deld() { while (dhead) { DQNode<T>* dtemp; dtemp = dhead; dhead = dhead->dnext; delete dtemp; } } template<typename T> //输出队列内全部元素 void Tree<T>::ShowAll(QNode<T>* header) { QNode<T>* p = header; for (int i = 1; i <= qsize;i++) { cout << p->pdata << " "; if (i % 5 == 0 )cout << endl; p = p->next; } cout << endl; } template<typename T> //输出DQNode队列内全部元素 void Tree<T>::D_ShowAll(DQNode<T>* dheader) { DQNode<T>* dp = dheader; for (int i = 1; i <= dsize; i++) { cout << setiosflags(ios::left); cout<<setw(10) << dp->d_data; if (i % 5 == 0 )cout << endl; dp = dp->dnext; } cout << endl; } template<typename T> //得到某结点(以地址为关键值)的父结点的地址 Node<T>* Tree<T>::GetFather(Node<T>* t, Node<T>* p) { Node<T>* q; if (t == NULL)return NULL; if (t->left == p || t->right == p)return t; q = GetFather(t->left, p); if (q!= NULL)return q; else return GetFather(t->right, p); } template<typename T> //在树中删除以某结点为根的树 void Tree<T>::Del(Node<T>* t) { if (t != NULL) { Del(t->left); Del(t->right); AddDq(t->data); delete t; size--; } } template<typename T> //创建二叉树 Node<T>* Tree<T>::Creat(Node<T>* &rt) { int choice; bool flag; if (size > 0) { cout << "是否继续创建子树?是请按1,否请按0:" << endl; cin >> choice; flag = true; } if (size == 0) { cout << "请输入根结点数据;" << endl; T data; cin >> data; rt = new Node<T>(data); if (!rt){ cout << "根结点创建失败!" << endl; return NULL; } size++; flag = false; cout << "根结点创建成功!" << endl; cout << "目前树中共有结点" << size << "个。" << endl; } if (flag) { if (choice == 0)return 0; else { cout << "请输入子结点数据;" << endl; T data; cin >> data; rt = new Node<T>(data); if (!rt){ cout << "子结点创建失败!" << endl; return NULL; } size++; cout << "子结点创建成功!" << endl; cout << "目前树中共有结点" << size << "个。" << endl; } } Creat(rt->left); Creat(rt->right); return root; } template<typename T> //先根递归遍历 FiRoTra是first root traversal的缩写 void Tree<T>::FiRoTra(Node<T>* rt ,int& ct) { if (rt) { cout << setiosflags(ios::left); cout<<setw(10) << rt->data; ct++; if (ct % 5 == 0) cout << endl; FiRoTra(rt->left,ct); FiRoTra(rt->right,ct); } } template<typename T> //中根递归遍历 MiRoTra是middle root traversal的缩写 void Tree<T>::MiRoTra(Node<T>* rt, int& ct) { if (rt) { MiRoTra(rt->left, ct); cout << setiosflags(ios::left); cout <<setw(10)<< rt->data ; ct++; if (ct % 5 == 0) cout << endl; MiRoTra(rt->right, ct); } } template<typename T> //后根递归遍历 LaRoTra是last root traversal的缩写 void Tree<T>::LaRoTra(Node<T>* rt, int& ct) { if (rt) { LaRoTra(rt->left, ct); LaRoTra(rt->right, ct); cout << setiosflags(ios::left); cout<<setw(10) << rt->data ; ct++; if (ct % 5 == 0) cout << endl; } } template<typename T> //层次遍历 LeveTra是level traversal的缩写 void Tree<T>::LeveTra(Node<T>* rt, int& ct) { Addq(rt); Node<T>* lt; while (qsize>0) { lt=Outq(); ct++; cout << setiosflags(ios::left); cout <<setw(10)<< lt->data ; if (ct % 5 == 0) cout << endl; if (lt->left != NULL)Addq(lt->left); if (lt->right != NULL)Addq(lt->right); } } template<typename T> //搜索数据域为某值的结点 void Tree<T>::Search(Node<T>* t, const T& item, bool& sign) { if (t) { Search(t->left, item, sign); Search(t->right, item, sign); if (t->data == item){sign = true; Addq(t);} } } template<typename T> //销毁二叉树 void Tree<T>::Destory(Node<T>* t) { if (t!=NULL) { Destory(t->left); Destory(t->right); delete t; size--; } } //封装操作 template <typename T> void Tree<T>::Operate() { bool flager = true; while (flager) { cout << "请您选择操作(输入操作前的数字进行选择):" << endl; cout << "1.创建二叉树并写入数据" << endl; cout << "2.先根遍历二叉树" << endl; cout << "3.中根遍历二叉树" << endl; cout << "4.后根遍历二叉树" << endl; cout << "5.层次遍历二叉树" << endl; cout << "6.搜索数据域为某值的结点" << endl; cout << "7.删除数据域为某值的结点及其子树" << endl; cout << "8.判断是否为完全二叉树" << endl; cout << "9.销毁二叉树" << endl; int choice; cin >> choice; switch (choice) { //由用户创建二叉树 case 1: { if (root){ cout << "二叉树已经创建,无需再建!若想新建,请您先销毁旧树!" << endl; break; } Creat(root); cout << "二叉树创建完成!" << endl; cout << "此二叉树中共有结点" << size << "个!" << endl; break; } //先根遍历二叉树 case 2: { if (!root){ cout << "二叉树还未创建或已被销毁,无法执行遍历操作,请您先创建二叉树!" << endl; break; } int counter2=0; FiRoTra(root,counter2); cout << endl; break; } //中根遍历二叉树 case 3: { if (!root){ cout << "二叉树还未创建或已被销毁,无法执行遍历操作,请您先创建二叉树!" << endl; break; } int counter3 = 0; MiRoTra(root, counter3); cout << endl; break; } //后根遍历二叉树 case 4: { if (!root){ cout << "二叉树还未创建或已被销毁,无法执行遍历操作,请您先创建二叉树!" << endl; break; } int counter4 = 0; LaRoTra(root, counter4); cout << endl; break; } //层次遍历二叉树 case 5: { if (!root){ cout << "二叉树还未创建或已被销毁,无法执行遍历操作,请您先创建二叉树!" << endl; break; } int counter5 = 0; LeveTra(root, counter5); cout << endl; head = tail = NULL; break; } //搜索数据域为某值的结点 case 6: { if (!root){ cout << "二叉树还未创建或已被销毁,无法执行搜索操作,请您先创建二叉树!" << endl; break; } cout << "请您输入数据域的值;" << endl; T indata; cin >> indata; bool flag = false; Search(root, indata, flag); if (!flag){ cout << "该二叉树中没有数据域为" << indata << "的结点!" << endl; break; } else cout << "该二叉树中数据域为" << indata << "的结点共有"<<qsize<<"个。" << endl; cout << "是否输出这些结点的地址?是请按1,否则按0:" << endl; int choice6; cin >> choice6; if (choice6 == 1) ShowAll(head); Delq(); head = tail = NULL; qsize = 0; break; } //删除数据域为某值的结点及其子树 case 7: { if (!root){ cout << "二叉树还未创建或已被销毁,无法执行删除操作,请您先创建二叉树!" << endl; break; } T data7; bool flag7 = false; bool sign7 = true; int choice7; cout << "请您输入结点数据的值:" << endl; cin >> data7; Search(root, data7, flag7); if (!flag7){ cout << "目前二叉树中无数据域为" << data7 << "的结点!" << endl; Delq(); head = tail = NULL; qsize = 0; break; } while (sign7) { Node<T> *p7, *fp7; QNode<T> *item7; p7 = head->pdata; item7 = head; head = head->next; delete item7; qsize--; if (p7 == root) { cout << "数据域为"<<data7<<"的结点为根结点,若执行删除操作将会销毁整棵二叉树!" << endl; cout << "是否确定执行删除操作?确定请按1,取消请按0:" << endl; cin >> choice7; if (choice7 == 0){ Delq(); head = tail = NULL; qsize = 0; goto mark7; } else { Destory(p7); root = NULL; size = 0; root = NULL; cout << "删除成功!同时整棵二叉树也被销毁!" << endl; Delq(); head = tail = NULL; qsize = 0; goto mark7; } } fp7 = GetFather(root, p7); if (fp7->left == p7)fp7->left = NULL; else fp7->right = NULL; Del(p7); cout << "删除成功!" << endl; if (qsize == 0){ cout << "此时树中已无数据域为" << data7 << "的结点及其子树!" << endl; sign7 = false; } if (qsize > 0){ cout << "但此时树中数据域为" << data7 << "的结点还有" <<qsize<<"个!"<< endl; } cout << "此次共删除结点" << dsize << "个," << "目前树中还有结点" << size << "个。" << endl; cout << "是否显示被删除的各结点的值?是请按1,否则请按0:" << endl; cin >> choice7; if (choice7 == 1)D_ShowAll(dhead); Deld(); dhead = dtail = NULL; dsize = 0; if (qsize > 0) { cout << "是否继续删除数据域为" <<data7<<"的结点及其子树?是请按1,否则按0:"<< endl; cin >> choice7; if (choice7 == 0)sign7 = false; } } Delq(); head = tail = NULL; qsize = 0; mark7:break; } //判断是否为完全二叉树 case 8: { if (!root){ cout << "二叉树还未创建或已被销毁,无法进行判断,请您先创建二叉树!" << endl; break; } bool branch=false; Addq(root); while (qsize>0) { Node<T>* pt; pt = Outq(); if (!branch) { if (pt->left == NULL&&pt->right != NULL) { cout << "目前的二叉树不是完全二叉树!" << endl; Delq(); head = tail = NULL; qsize = 0; goto mark8; } if (pt->right==NULL) { branch = true; } } else { if (pt->left != NULL || pt->right != NULL) { cout << "目前的二叉树不是完全二叉树!" << endl; Delq(); head = tail = NULL; qsize = 0; goto mark8; } } if (pt->left != NULL)Addq(pt->left); if (pt->right != NULL)Addq(pt->right); } cout << "目前的二叉树是完全二叉树!" << endl; head = tail = NULL; mark8:break; } //销毁二叉树 case 9: { if (!root){ cout << "二叉树还未创建或已被销毁!" << endl; break; } cout << "您确定销毁该二叉树吗?确定请按1,取消请按0:" << endl; int choice9; cin >> choice9; if (choice9 == 0)break; else Destory(root); root = NULL; size = 0; cout << "二叉树已销毁!" << endl; break; } //处理用户的错误输入 default: { cout << "您的输入有误,无法进行操作!" << endl; break; } }//switch结束 //控制循环 cout << "是否继续?继续请按1,退出请按0:" << endl; int ifgoon; cin >> ifgoon; if (ifgoon == 0)flager = false; }//while结束 } #endif //.cpp文件 #include"Tree.h" #include<iostream> using namespace std; int main() { //是否进入程序 int uscho ; bool flag = true;//uscho:user choice的缩写 cout << "敬告;请您务必按提示要求操作,如果您进行了规定以外的操作,由此造成的一切后果,将全部由您个人承担,程序开发者概不负责!" << endl; cout << "是否进入程序?进入请按1,否则按0;" << endl; cin >> uscho; if (uscho == 0) return 0; //用户选择类型 while (flag) { cout << "请选择您所要创建二叉树的数据类型,输入类型前的数字进行选择;" << endl; cout << "1.整型 2.浮点 3.字符" << endl; cin >> uscho; if (uscho != 1 && uscho != 2 && uscho != 3) { cout << "您的输入有误!重新输入请按1,退出请按0:" << endl; cin >> uscho; if (uscho == 0)return 0; else flag = false; } if (flag) flag = false; else flag = true; } switch (uscho) { case 1: { Tree<int> tree_int; tree_int.Operate(); break; } case 2: { Tree<float> tree_float; tree_float.Operate(); break; } case 3: { Tree<char> tree_char; tree_char.Operate(); break; } default: cout << "您的输入有误!" << endl; break; } return 0; } 代码已经过测试,在VS2013上成功运行! 发此文有两大目的: 1.和大家交流经验,供需要的人参考。 2.在下菜鸟,代码中难免有不妥之处,恳求大神批评指正。您的批评就是在下提高的起点,对于您的批评,在下将不胜感激!