迭代Iterator的用法
迭代→遍历:
- 一个标准化遍历各类容器里面的所有对象的方法类(典型的设计模式)
- 把访问逻辑从不同类型的集合类中抽象出来,从而避免向客户端暴露集合的内部结构
迭代(Iterator)与枚举(Enumeration)的区别:
- Iterator为一个接口,java.util.Iterator提供迭代的基本规则。Enumeration属于Java Collections Framework ;
- 迭代器允许调用者在迭代期间从迭代器所指向的 collection 移除元素;
- 方法名称得到了改进。
一、未使用Iterator
- 数组遍历:
int[] arrays = new int[10]; for(int i = 0 ; i < arrays.length ; i++){ int a = arrays[i]; //do something }
上述实例缺点:
- 事先知道集合的内部结构,访问代码和集合本身是紧密耦合的,无法将访问逻辑从集合类和客户端代码中分离出来。
- 每一种集合对应一种遍历方法,客户端代码无法复用。
二、使用Iterator
- Iterator模式用同一种逻辑来遍历集合,使得客户端自身不需要来维护集合的内部结构,所有的内部状态都由Iterator来维护。
- 客户端从不直接和集合类打交道,它总是控制Iterator,向它发送"向前","向后","取当前元素"的命令,就可以间接遍历整个集合。
1.使一个类可迭代的步骤:
Step1:在类声明中加入implements Iterable<Item>,对应的接口为(即java.lang.Iterator)
public interface Iterable<Item>{
Iterator<Item> iterator(); }
Step2:在类中实现iterator()方法,返回一个自己定义的迭代器Iterator<Item>
public Iterator<Item> iterator(){ //如果需要逆序遍历数组,自定义一个逆序迭代数组的迭代器 return new ReverseArrayIterator(); }
Step3:在类中设置内部类(如private class ReverseArrayIterator() ),内部类声明中加入implements Iterator<Item>,对应的接口为(即java.util.Iterator)
public interface Iterator { boolean hasNext(); Object next(); void remove(); }
2.使用Iterator实例(摘自算法(第四版)):
下压(LIFO)栈--能动态调整数组大小(学习迭代器只需要重点看后面两大段):
import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.NoSuchElementException; public class ResizingArrayStack<Item> implements Iterable<Item> { private Item[] a; // array of items private int n; // number of elements on stack /** * Initializes an empty stack. */ public ResizingArrayStack() { a = (Item[]) new Object[2]; n = 0; } /** * Is this stack empty? * @return true if this stack is empty; false otherwise */ public boolean isEmpty() { return n == 0; } /** * Returns the number of items in the stack. * @return the number of items in the stack */ public int size() { return n; } // resize the underlying array holding the elements private void resize(int capacity) { assert capacity >= n; // textbook implementation Item[] temp = (Item[]) new Object[capacity]; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { temp[i] = a[i]; } a = temp; // alternative implementation // a = java.util.Arrays.copyOf(a, capacity); } /** * Adds the item to this stack. * @param item the item to add */ public void push(Item item) { if (n == a.length) resize(2*a.length); // double size of array if necessary a[n++] = item; // add item } /** * Removes and returns the item most recently added to this stack. * @return the item most recently added * @throws java.util.NoSuchElementException if this stack is empty */ public Item pop() { if (isEmpty()) throw new NoSuchElementException("Stack underflow"); Item item = a[n-1]; a[n-1] = null; // to avoid loitering n--; // shrink size of array if necessary if (n > 0 && n == a.length/4) resize(a.length/2); return item; } /** * Returns (but does not remove) the item most recently added to this stack. * @return the item most recently added to this stack * @throws java.util.NoSuchElementException if this stack is empty */ public Item peek() { if (isEmpty()) throw new NoSuchElementException("Stack underflow"); return a[n-1]; } /** * Returns an iterator to this stack that iterates through the items in LIFO order. * @return an iterator to this stack that iterates through the items in LIFO order. */ public Iterator<Item> iterator() { return new ReverseArrayIterator(); } // an iterator, doesn't implement remove() since it's optional private class ReverseArrayIterator implements Iterator<Item> { private int i; public ReverseArrayIterator() { i = n-1; } public boolean hasNext() { return i >= 0; } public void remove() { throw new UnsupportedOperationException(); } public Item next() { if (!hasNext()) throw new NoSuchElementException(); return a[i--]; } } }
遍历时用foreach语句:
ResizingArrayStack<String> stack = new ResizingArrayStack<String>(); for (String str:stack ) { System.out.println(str); }
作者: 邹珍珍(Pearl_zhen)
出处: http://www.cnblogs.com/zouzz/
声明:本文版权归作者和博客园共有,欢迎转载,但未经作者同意必须保留此段声明,且在文章页面明显位置给出 原文链接 如有问题, 可邮件(zouzhenzhen@seu.edu.cn)咨询.