drf05-2个视图基类-5个扩展类-9个视图子类-视图集
1.2两个视图基类
#之前写了五个接口，继承APIView
#还可以继承GenericApiView：它帮了我们干很多事
#GeneriaAPIView.属性和方法
-属性
-queryset #要序列化的数据
-serializer_class #序列化类
--------了解--------------
----lookup_field #通过get_object 获取单个对象的查询key值，value是路由中穿过来的
--filter_backends #过滤类
-pagination_class #分页类
-方法
-get_queryset #获取要序列化的数据
-get_object #根据lookup_field 配置参数获取单个对象
-get_serializer #获取序列化类，咱直接用的
-get_serializer_class #获取序列化类，不是咱们直接用get_serializer调用了它
---了解-------
-filter_queryset #跟过滤有关系
-paginate_xxx #跟分页有关
1.1基于APIView写五个接口
class UserView(APIView):
def get(self,request):
res_list =User.object.all()
ser = UserSerializer(instance=res_list,many=True)
return Response(ser.data)
def post(self,request):
ser = UserSerlizer(data =request.data)
if ser.is_valid():
ser.save()
return Response({'code':100,'msg':"新增成功"},status=201)
else:
return Response({'code':101,'msg':ser.error})
class UserDetailView(APIView):
def get(self,request,pk):
obj = User.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
ser = UserSerializer(instance=obj)
return Response(ser.data)
def put(self,request,pk):
obj = User.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
ser = UserSerializer(instance=obj,data=request.data)
if ser.is_valid():
ser.save()
return Response({'code':'101','msg':"修改成功"},status=201)
else:
return Response({'code':101,'msg':ser.errors})
def delete(self,request,pk):
User.objects.filter(pk=pk).delete()
return Response('')
1.2 基于GenericAPIView写五个接口
class UserView(GenericAPIView):
#配置两关类属性
queryset =User.object.all()
serializer_class = UserSerializer
def get(self,request):
res_list = self.get_queryset()
request Response(ser,data)
def post(self,request):
ser = self.get_serilizer(data=request.data)
if ser.is_valid()
ser.save()
return Response({'code':100,'msg':'新增成功'},status=201)
else:
return Response({'code':101,'msg':ser.errors})
class UserDetailView(GenericAPIView):
queryset = User.objects.all()
serilizer_class = UserSerlizer
def get(self,request,pk):
obj = self.get_object()
ser = self.get_serializer(instance=obj)
return Response(ser.data)
def put(self,request,pk):
obj = self.get_object()
ser =self.get_serilizer(instance=obj,data=request.data)
if ser.is_valid():
ser.save()
return Response({'code':100,'msg':"修改成功"},status=201)
else:
return Response({'code':101,'msg':ser.errors})
def delete(self,request,pk):
self.get_queryset().filter(pk=pk).delete()
reutn Response('')
5个视图扩展类
基于GenericAPIView+5个试图扩展类写接口、
必须配合GenericAPIView使用，不能配合APIView使用
from rest_framework.minins import RetrieveModelMin,CreateModelMixin,updateModeMinxin,DestoryModeMixin,ListModeMixin
class UserView(GenericAPIView,ListModelMinxin,CreateModelMinxin):
queryset = User.objects.all()
serializer_class = UserSerilizer
def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
return self.list(request,*args,**kwargs)
def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
return self.create(request,*args,**kwargs)
class UserDetailView(GenericAPIView,RetrieveModelMixin,UpdateModelMinin,DestroyModelmixin)
queryset = User.object.all()
serializer_class = UserSerializer
def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
return self.retrieve(request,*args,**kwargs)
def put(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
return self.retrieve(request,*args,**kwargs)
def delete(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
return self.destroy(request,*arkgs,**kwargs)
9个视图子类
视图类：继承GenericAPIView+ 某个或者某几个视图扩展类
from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView,CreateAPIView,RetrieveAPIView,DestroyAPIView,UpdateAPIView
from rest_framework.generics import ListCreateAPIView,RetrieveUPdateDestroyAPIView,RetrieveUPdateAPIView,RetrieveDestroyAPIView
#正常来说，Destroy + Update 应该又一个，作者没加
class UserView(ListCreateAPIView):
# 配置两关类属性
queryset = User.objects.all()
serilizer_class = UserSerializer
class UserDetailView(RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
queryset = User.objects.all()
serializer_class = UserSerializer
视图集
继承ModelViewSet编写五个接口
#视图类
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet,ReadOnlyModelViewSet
class UserView(ModelViewSet):
queryset = User.objects.all()
serializer_class = UserSerializer
#路由
path('user/',views.UserView.as_view({'get':'list','post':'create'})),
path('user/<int:pk>',views.UserView.as_view({'get':'retrieve','put':'update','delete':destroy'}))
源码分析ViewSetMixin
@classonlymethod
def as_view(cls, actions=None, **initkwargs):
# 路由中as_view中必须传参数，必须传字典：{'get': 'list', 'post': 'create'}
if not actions:
raise TypeError("The `actions` argument must be provided when "
"calling `.as_view()` on a ViewSet. For example "
"`.as_view({'get': 'list'})`")
# 路由匹配成功，执行view(request)，request是老的request
def view(request, *args, **kwargs):
# actions={'get': 'list', 'post': 'create'}
for method, action in actions.items():
# method:get action:list
# self 是视图类的对象中通过反射，查找list，
# handler视图类中的list方法
handler = getattr(self, action)
# 向视图类的对象中，反射 method:get,handler:list方法
# self.get=list
setattr(self, method, handler)
return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
return csrf_exempt(view)
# 只要继承了ViewSetMixin，以后路由写法变量，都要协程：views.UserView.as_view({'get': 'list', 'post': 'create'}))
# 这样写好以后，对应的请求方式来了，就会执行配置的方法
# 扩展：
-以后只要继承了ViewSetMixin，视图类中可以写任意名字的方法，不用非得写get，post，delete
总结
-APIView：as_view,dispatch
-GenericAPIView：继承了APIView
-类属性
-方法
-5个视图扩展类：RetrieveModelMixin, CreateModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin,DestroyModelMixin, ListModelMixin
-每个类里面有一个方法
-9个视图子类：5个视图扩展类+GenericAPIView的组合
-视图集：
-ViewSetMixin：魔法，重写了as_view，只要继承他，路由写法就变了
-ViewSet：ViewSetMixin+APIView
-GenericViewSet：ViewSetMixin+GenericAPIView
-ModelViewSet:5个视图扩展类+GenericViewSet
ReadOnlyModelViewSet：2个视图扩展类+GenericViewSet
