sql 游标
--创建游标
DECLARE cursor_name CURSOR [ LOCAL | GLOBAL ] [ FORWARD_ONLY | SCROLL ] [ STATIC | KEYSET | DYNAMIC | FAST_FORWARD ] [ READ_ONLY | SCROLL_LOCKS | OPTIMISTIC ] [ TYPE_WARNING ] FOR select_statement [ FOR UPDATE [ OF column_name [ ,...n ] ] ] [;]
--游标类型和游标变量
--定义后直接赋值 Declare text_cursor cursor for select * from #tb --先定义后赋值 Declare text_cursor cursor set @text_cursor=cursor for select * from #tb
案例:动态和静态的游标区别 ---- 游标打开后,对数据表删除,动态的游标会及时的更新数据表,静态游标不会及时的更新数据表IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#tb') IS NOT NULL
DROP TABLE #tb CREATE TABLE #tb( id int PRIMARY KEY, col sysname) INSERT #tb( id, col) SELECT 1, 'AA' UNION ALL SELECT 2, 'BB' UNION ALL SELECT 3, 'CC' UNION ALL SELECT 4, 'DD' declare cur_tb cursor local forward_only read_only type_warning dynamic --static for select* from #tb --游标打开前删除 delete top(1) from #tb where id=4 select 'before cursor open',* from #tb open cur_tb --游标打开后删除 delete top(1) from #tb where id=3 select 'after cursor open',* from #tb fetch next from cur_tb fetch cur_tb while @@FETCH_STATUS=0 begin delete top(1) from #tb where id=1 fetch cur_tb end
--当一次读取赋给变量时,要注意表字段数与变量数一致
declare @id nvarchar(800)
declare @col nvarchar(800)
declare cur_tb cursor local forward_only read_only type_warning dynamic --static
for select* from #tb
open cur_tb
fetch next from cur_tb into @id,@col
print @id
print @col
案例: 通过分组用户得到上机时分别是哪个管理员进行管理
create table table1( --drop table 表1 ID int, NAME varchar(10), QQ varchar(10), PHONE varchar(20) ) insert into table1 values(1 ,'秦云' ,'10102800' ,'13500000') insert into table1 values(2 ,'在路上' ,'10378' ,'13600000') insert into table1 values(3 ,'LEO' ,'10000' ,'13900000') create table table2( --drop table 表2 ID int, NAME varchar(10) , sjsj datetime, gly varchar(10) ) insert into table2 values(1,'秦云' ,cast('2004-1-1' as datetime),'李大伟') insert into table2 values(2,'秦云' ,cast('2005-1-1' as datetime),'马化腾') insert into table2 values (3,'在路上' ,cast('2005-1-1' as datetime),'马化腾') insert into table2 values(4,'秦云' ,cast('2005-1-1' as datetime),'李大伟') insert into table2 values(5,'在路上' ,cast('2005-1-1' as datetime),'李大伟') select * from table1 select * from table2 create function GetNameStr(@name nvarchar(10)) returns nvarchar(800) as begin declare @nameStr nvarchar(800) declare @tempStr nvarchar(800) declare @flag int declare myCur cursor for select gly from table2 t2 where t2.name=@name open myCur fetch next from myCur into @tempStr set @flag=0 while @@fetch_status=0 begin if @flag=0 begin set @nameStr=@tempStr end else begin set @nameStr=@nameStr+','+@tempStr end set @flag=@flag+1 fetch next from myCur into @tempStr end close myCur deallocate myCur return @nameStr end --游标写法得到的结果 select t2.NAME,COUNT(t2.ID) as 上级次数,dbo.GetNameStr(t2.NAME) from table2 t2 where t2.NAME in (select t1.name from table1 t1) group by t2.NAME --通过面向对象写法得到的结果 select name,count(*) num,gly=stuff((select distinct ','+gly from table2 t1 where t1.NAME=t2.name for xml path('')),1,1,'') from table2 t2 group by name
--网上找到的一些要点
--定义游标时,如果不是特别需要,使用LOCAL关键显式的将游标定义为局部游标, -- 尽量避免使用全局(GLOBAL,这是数据库的默认行为)游标;没有特殊需要的话, -- 尽量使用FORWARD_ONLY READ_ONLY STATIC游标, --FAST_FORWARD可以理解成FORWARD_ONLY的优化版本.FORWARD_ONLY执行的是静态计划, --而FAST_FORWARD是根据情况进行选择采用动态计划还是静态计划, --大多数情况下FAST_FORWARD要比FORWARD_ONLY性能略好. --READ_ONLY意味着声明的游标只能读取数据,游标不能做任何更新操作 -- SCROLL_LOCKS是另一种极端,将读入游标的所有数据进行锁定,防止其他程序进行更改,以确保更新的绝对成功 -- OPTIMISTIC是相对比较好的一个选择,OPTIMISTIC不锁定任何数据,当需要在游标中更新数据时,如果底层表数据更新,则游标内数据更新不成功,如果,底层表数据未更新,则游标内表数据可以更新 --(1) 尽管使用游标比较灵活,可以实现对数据集中单行数据的直接操作,但游标会在下面几个方面影响系统的性能: -- 使用游标会导致页锁与表锁的增加 -- 导致网络通信量的增加 -- 增加了服务器处理相应指令的额外开销 -- (2) 使用游标时的优化问题: -- 明确指出游标的用途:for read only或for update -- 在for update后指定被修改的列 --http://www.cnblogs.com/CareySon/archive/2011/11/01/2231381.html --http://www.cnblogs.com/knowledgesea/p/3699851.html --http://blog.csdn.net/szstephenzhou/article/details/7244949