Node.js:DNS模块的使用
Nodejs的DNS模块包涵有关DNS查询和操作的方法,下面介绍该模块的基本用法以及实现一个DNS查询小工具。
1.获取DNS服务器地址
使用getServers
方法,该方法返回一个IP地址组成的数组,如下所示:
const dns = require('dns');
const servers = dns.getServers();
console.log(servers);
返回结果为:
[ '114.114.114.114', '8.8.8.8',
'fec0:0:0:ffff::1', '114.114.114.114',
'8.8.8.8', '114.114.114.114',
'8.8.8.8' ]
2.使用系统特性域名解析获取IP地址
使用dns.lookup(hostname[, options], callback)
方法,options参数包涵以下属性:
- family:地址协议族,必须为4或6的整数
- hints:设置getaddrinfo的标志,dns.ADDRCONFIG 或者 dns.V4MAPPED(ipv4映射成ipv6)
- all:false(默认),布尔值,如设置为true,则返回IP数组,否则返回单个IP地址
callback回调函数有三个参数(err,address,family),如果options的all属性设置为true,则只有(err,addresses)参数且addresses为一个数组,数组元素为{address,family}对象。使用如下所示:
dns.lookup('www.baidu.com',(err,address,family)=>{
if(err) throw err;
console.log('百度网站的IP地址是:'+address+'地址协议族是:IPV'+family);
});
结果如下:
E:\developmentdocument\nodejsdemo>node dns-example.js
百度网站的IP地址是:14.215.177.37地址协议族是:IPV4
设置options的all为true时,结果如下:
dns.lookup('www.baidu.com',{family:4,all:!0,hints:dns.ADDRCONFIG|dns.V4MAPPED},(err,addresses)=>{
if(err) throw err;
addresses.forEach((ele,idx,arr)=>{
console.log('百度网站的IP地址'+(idx+1)+'是:'+ele.address);
});
});
结果如下:
E:\developmentdocument\nodejsdemo>node dns-example.js
百度网站的IP地址1是:14.215.177.38
百度网站的IP地址2是:14.215.177.37
3.根据IP和端口获取主机名
使用dns.lookupService(address, port, callback)
方法,该方法依赖getnameinfo底层函数。
callback函数有三个参数(err, hostname, service),service是protocol,为http或https,使用如下所示:
dns.lookupService('127.0.0.1',80,(err,hostname,service)=>{
if(err) console.log(err);
console.log('该IP对应的主机为:'+hostname+' 协议为:'+service);
});
结果如下:
E:\developmentdocument\nodejsdemo>node dns-example.js
该IP对应的主机为:www.test.zmx.com 协议为:http
4.使用网络域名解析获取IP地址
使用dns.resolve(hostname[, rrtype], callback)
方法,rrtype有以下选择:
- 'A':IPV4,default
- 'AAAA':IPV6
- 'MX' - mail exchange records 邮件交换记录
- 'TXT' - text records 域名配置说明
- 'SRV' - SRV records 服务器提供的服务
- 'PTR' - PTR records
- 'NS' - name server records 域名服务器
- 'CNAME' - canonical name records 别名记录
- 'SOA' - start of authority record 起始授权机构
- 'NAPTR' - name authority pointer record
callback函数有(err, addresses)两个参数,addresses是一个数组,具体成员需要看具体的rrtype,使用如下所示:
//获取IPV4
dns.resolve('www.qq.com','A',(err,address)=>{
if(err) throw err;
console.log(address);//结果为[ '14.17.32.211', '14.17.42.40', '59.37.96.63' ]
});
//获取IPV6
dns.resolve('www.qq.com','AAAA',(err,address)=>{
if(err) throw err;
console.log(address);//结果为[ '240e:ff:f040:28::a' ]
});
//获取SOA信息
dns.resolve('www.qq.com','SOA',(err,address)=>{
if(err) throw err;
console.log(address);
//结果为
{ nsname: 'ns-tel1.qq.com',
hostmaster: 'webmaster.qq.com',
serial: 1380440321,
refresh: 300,
retry: 600,
expire: 86400,
minttl: 300 }
});
//获取别名CNAME
dns.resolve('www.baidu.com','CNAME',(err,address)=>{
if(err) throw err;
console.log(address);//结果为[ 'www.a.shifen.com' ]
});
resovle还存在很多快捷方法,例如:resolve4,resolve6,resolveCname...等等
5.反向域名解析
使用dns.reverse(ip, callback)
方法,callback有两个参数(err, hostnames),hostnames是一个域名数组,使用如下所示:
dns.reverse('114.114.114.114',(err,hostnames)=>{
if(err) throw err;
console.log(hostnames);//结果为[ 'public1.114dns.com' ]
});
学完了以上的知识后,可以做个DNS查询的小工具,如下所示:
第一步,写个HTML静态页面,如下:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>DNS查询工具</title>
<style type="text/css">
html,body{ width: 100%; height: 100%; }
body{ display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; flex-direction: column; }
*{ margin:0; padding: 0; }
ul{ list-style: none; }
.res{line-height: 24px; color:#333; }
.clearfix:after{ display: block; content:''; height: 0; visibility: hidden; clear: both;}
.fl{ float:left; }
.g-wrap{ display: flex; width:560px; height: 40px; }
.u-list{position: relative; flex:1; }
.u-inp{flex:3; border:1px solid #ccc; border-left: none; border-right:none; padding:11px 0 11px 10px;}
.u-btn{ flex:1; }
.list{ display: none; position: absolute; left: 0px; top:40px; width: 100%; border:1px solid #ccc; border-top:none; border-bottom:none; box-sizing: content-box; }
.item{ height: 30px; line-height: 30px; text-align: center; color: #666; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc; cursor:pointer;}
.item:hover{ color:#0087dc; }
.u-list .type{ display: block; width: 100%; line-height: 38px; border:1px solid #ccc; text-align: center; color:#666; text-decoration: none; }
.u-list .type:after{ content: ''; position: absolute; width:0; height:0; border:8px solid transparent; border-top-color:#ccc; right:4px; top:16px;}
.u-inp input{ width: 100%; border:none; outline: none; height: 18px; line-height: 18px; color:#666; vertical-align: top; font-size: 14px; }
.u-btn .btn{ display: block; line-height: 40px; text-align: center; background-color: #0087dc; color:#fff; font-size: 16px; cursor:pointer; transition: background-color .3s;}
.u-btn .btn:hover{ background-color: #0060b2; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="res" class="res"></div>
<div class="g-wrap clearfix">
<div class="u-list fl">
<a href="javascript:;" class="type" id="type" data-value="A">IPV4</a>
<ul id="list" class="list">
<li class="item" data-value="A">IPV4</li>
<li class="item" data-value="AAAA">IPV6</li>
<li class="item" data-value="CNAME">CNAME</li>
<li class="item" data-value="SOA">SOA</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="u-inp fl">
<input type="text" class="host" id="host" placeholder="请输入域名">
</div>
<div class="u-btn fl">
<span class="btn" id="btn">查询</span>
</div>
</div>
<script>
function hide(el){
el.style.display = 'none';
}
function show(el){
el.style.display = 'block';
}
function dealResult(responseText){
var ips = [],
result = '';
ips = JSON.parse(responseText).ips;
if(Array.isArray(ips)){
result = ips.length > 0 ? ips.join('<br />') : '没有查询到结果';
}else if({}.toString.call(ips) === '[object Object]'){
result = JSON.stringify(ips);
}
res.innerHTML = result;
}
type.addEventListener('click',function(e){
e.stopPropagation();
show(list);
},!1);
[].slice.call(document.body.querySelectorAll('.item')).forEach(function(el,idx,arr){
el.addEventListener('click',function(e){
type.innerText = this.innerText;
type.dataset.value = this.dataset.value;
},!1);
});
document.body.addEventListener('click',function(e){
if(list.style.display === 'block'){ hide(list); }
},!1);
btn.addEventListener('click',function(e){
var hostname = host.value.trim(),
rrtype = type.dataset.value.toUpperCase();
if(hostname == '') return;
if(hostname.indexOf('http://') === 0) hostname = hostname.replace('http://','');
var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest(),
method = "POST",
url = "/dnslookup";
xhr.open(method, url, true);
xhr.onreadystatechange = function() {
if (xhr.readyState === XMLHttpRequest.DONE && xhr.status === 200) {
dealResult(xhr.responseText);
}
};
xhr.setRequestHeader("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
xhr.send('host='+hostname+'&rrtype='+rrtype);
},!1);
</script>
</body>
</html>
接着编写服务端代码,如下:
var http = require('http'),
url = require('url'),
dns = require('dns'),
qs = require('querystring'),
fs = require('fs');
function router(req,res,pathname){
switch(pathname){
case '/dnslookup':
lookup(req,res);
break;
default:
showIndex(req,res);
}
}
function showIndex(req,res){
var pagePath = __dirname+'/'+'dns-lookup.html';
var html = fs.readFileSync(pagePath);
res.end(html);
}
function lookup(req,res){
var postData = '';
req.on('data',function(data){
postData+=data;
});
req.on('end',function(data){
var json = qs.parse(postData);
var hostname = json.host;
var rrtype = json.rrtype;
dns.resolve(hostname,rrtype,function(err,adresses){
if(err){
res.end(JSON.stringify({errcode:1,ips:[]}));
}
res.end(JSON.stringify({errcode:0,ips:adresses}));
});
});
}
http.createServer(function(req,res){
var pathname = url.parse(req.url).pathname;
req.setEncoding("utf8");
res.writeHead(200,{'Content-Type':'text/html'});
router(req,res,pathname);
}).listen(3000,'127.0.0.1');
运行效果如下:
到此这个小工具便完成了。