4.备份脚本实战操作

1.为了安全起见，先将数据库完全导出:　

exp 用户名/密码@ORACLE file=/backup/ecology_$(date　'+%Y%m%d').dmp full=y;

2.因为是数据库操作，所以应切换成Oracle用户:　

su - oracle

3.检查数据库是否打开归档模式，如否，则打开SQLPLUS执行如下命令:　

archive log list;
alter system set log_archive_dest_n='location=/u01/backupws ';
shutdown immediate;
startup mount;
alter database archivelog;
alter database open;

4.将rman脚本文件放置到backup_sh目录下:

1）全库备份(一周三次)

rman_ecology_all.sh

run {
    allocate channel a1 device type disk format '/backup/ecology_all_%T_%u';
    allocate channel a2 device type disk format '/backup/ecology_all_%T_%u';
    backup database skip offline plus archivelog delete all input;
    backup current controlfile;
    release channel a1;
    release channel a2;
}
    allocate channel for maintenance device type disk;
    delete obsolete;
    crosscheck backupset;

2)归档日志备份(一周四次)

rman_ecology_arc.sh

run {
    allocate channel b1 device type disk format '/backup/ecology_arc_%T_%u';
    allocate channel b2 device type disk format '/backup/ecology_arc_%T_%u';
    backup archivelog all;
    backup current controlfile;
    release channel b1;
    release channel b2;
}
    allocate channel for maintenance device type disk;
    crosscheck backupset;

5.编写RMAN脚本的的运行脚本

　　mkdir -p /backup/ # 创建目录(-p表示不存在则新建，若存在则忽略)
　　touch run_rman_ecology_all.sh # 创建all运行脚本
　　touch run_rman_ecology_arc.sh # 创建arc运行脚本

vi run_rman_ecology_all.sh

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=ecology
/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2/db_1/bin/rman target / log=/backup/all_ecology_$(date +%F).log cmdfile=/backup_sh/rman_ecology_all.sh

vi run_rman_ecology_arc.sh

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=ecology
/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2/db_1/bin/rman target / log=/backup/arc_ecology_$(date +%F).log cmdfile=/backup_sh/rman_ecology_arc.sh

6、添加执行权限：

chmod +x /backup_sh/run_rman_ecology_all.sh
chmod +x /backup_sh/run_rman_ecology_arc.sh

PS：
需使用root用户

7、手动测试脚本，成功之后再下一步。

若报错，则直接打开/var/spool/mail/登陆用户名，查看日志并改正

8、添加定时任务:

周三五七晚20:00全库，周一二四六晚20:00归档日志

crontab -e

00 20 * * 0,3,5 sh /backup_sh/run_rman_ecology_all.sh >> /backup/rman_crontab_all.log 2>&1
00 20 * * 1,2,4,6 sh /backup_sh/run_rman_ecology_arc.sh >> /backup/rman_crontab_arc.log 2>&1

格式是“分 时 日 月 周 要执行的命令或脚本”

9、重启计划任务：

service cron restart