实验1 现代C++编程初体验

实验任务1

代码

  1 // 现代C++标准库、算法库体验
  2 // 本例用到以下内容:
  3 // 1. 字符串string, 动态数组容器类vector、迭代器
  4 // 2. 算法库:反转元素次序、旋转元素
  5 // 3. 函数模板、const引用作为形参
  6 
  7 #include <iostream>
  8 #include <string>
  9 #include <vector>
 10 #include <algorithm>
 11 
 12 using namespace std;
 13 
 14 // 声明
 15 // 模板函数声明
 16 template<typename T>
 17 void output(const T &c);
 18 
 19 // 普通函数声明
 20 void test1();
 21 void test2();
 22 void test3();
 23 
 24 int main() {
 25     cout << "测试1: \n";
 26     test1();
 27 
 28     cout << "\n测试2: \n";
 29     test2();
 30 
 31     cout << "\n测试3: \n";
 32     test3();
 33 }
 34 
 35 // 函数实现
 36 // 输出容器对象c中的元素
 37 template <typename T>
 38 void output(const T &c) {
 39     for(auto &i: c)
 40         cout << i << " ";
 41     cout << endl;
 42 }
 43 
 44 // 测试1
 45 // 组合使用算法库、迭代器、string反转字符串
 46 void test1() {
 47     string s0{"0123456789"};
 48     cout << "s0 = " << s0 << endl;
 49 
 50     string s1{s0};
 51     reverse(s1.begin(), s1.end());  // 反转指定迭代器区间的元素
 52     cout << "s1 = " << s1 << endl;
 53 
 54     string s2{s0};
 55     reverse_copy(s0.begin(), s0.end(), s2.begin()); // 将指定迭代区间的元素拷贝到指定迭代器开始的目标区间,并且在复制过程中反转次序
 56     cout << "s2 = " << s2 << endl;
 57 }
 58 
 59 // 测试2
 60 // 组合使用算法库、迭代器、vector反转动态数组对象vector内数据
 61 void test2() {
 62     vector<int> v0{2, 0, 4, 9};
 63     cout << "v0: ";
 64     output(v0);
 65 
 66     vector<int> v1{v0};
 67     reverse(v1.begin(), v1.end());
 68     cout << "v1: ";
 69     output(v1);
 70 
 71     vector<int> v2{v0};
 72     reverse_copy(v0.begin(), v0.end(), v2.begin());
 73     cout << "v2: ";
 74     output(v2);
 75 }
 76 
 77 // 测试3
 78 // 组合使用算法库、迭代器、vector实现元素旋转移位
 79 void test3() {
 80     vector<int> v0{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};
 81     cout << "v0: ";
 82     output(v0);
 83 
 84     vector<int> v1{v0};
 85     rotate(v1.begin(), v1.begin()+1, v1.end());  // 旋转指定迭代器区间[v1.begin(), v1.end())之间的数据项,旋转后从迭代器v1.begin()+1位置的数据项开始
 86     cout << "v1: ";
 87     output(v1);
 88 
 89     vector<int> v2{v0};
 90     rotate(v2.begin(), v2.begin()+2, v2.end());
 91     cout << "v2: ";
 92     output(v2);
 93 
 94     vector<int> v3{v0};
 95     rotate(v3.begin(), v3.end()-1, v3.end());
 96     cout << "v3: ";
 97     output(v3);
 98 
 99     vector<int> v4{v0};
100     rotate(v4.begin(), v4.end()-2, v4.end());
101     cout << "v4: ";
102     output(v4);
103 }

 

编译结果

 

 

实验任务2

代码

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include <vector>
 3 #include <string>
 4 #include <algorithm>
 5 #include <numeric>
 6 #include <iomanip>
 7 
 8 using namespace std;
 9 
10 // 函数声明
11 // 模板函数声明
12 template<typename T>
13 void output(const T &c);
14 
15 // 普通函数声明
16 int rand_int_100();
17 void test1();
18 void test2();
19 
20 int main() {
21     cout << "测试1: \n";
22     test1();
23 
24     cout << "\n测试2: \n";
25     test2();
26 }
27 
28 // 函数实现
29 // 输出容器对象c中的元素
30 template <typename T>
31 void output(const T &c) {
32     for(auto &i: c)
33         cout << i << " ";
34     cout << endl;
35 }
36 
37 // 返回[0, 100]区间内的一个随机整数
38 int rand_int_100() {
39     return rand() % 101;
40 }
41 
42 // 测试1
43 // 对容器类对象指定迭代器区间进行赋值、排序
44 void test1() {
45     vector<int> v0(10);  // 创建一个动态数组对象v0, 对象大小为10
46     generate(v0.begin(), v0.end(), rand_int_100); // 产生[0, 100]之间的随机整数赋值给指定迭代器区间[v0.begin(), v0.end())内的每个数据项
47     cout << "v0: ";
48     output(v0);
49 
50     vector<int> v1{v0};
51     sort(v1.begin(), v1.end()); // 对指定迭代器区间[v1.begin(), v1.end())内数据项进行升序排序
52     cout << "v1: ";
53     output(v1);
54 
55     vector<int> v2{v0};
56     sort(v2.begin()+1, v2.end()-1); // 对指定迭代器区间[v1.begin()+1, v1.end()-1)内数据项进行升序排序
57     cout << "v2: ";
58     output(v2);
59 }
60 
61 // 测试2
62 // 对容器类对象指定迭代器区间进行赋值、计算最大值/最小值/均值
63 void test2() {
64     vector<int> v0(10);  
65     generate(v0.begin(), v0.end(), rand_int_100); 
66     cout << "v0: ";
67     output(v0);
68 
69     auto iter1 = min_element(v0.begin(), v0.end());
70     cout << "最小值: " << *iter1 << endl;
71 
72     auto iter2 = max_element(v0.begin(), v0.end());
73     cout << "最大值: " << *iter2 << endl;
74 
75     auto ans = minmax_element(v0.begin(), v0.end());
76     cout << "最小值: " << *(ans.first) << endl;
77     cout << "最大值: " << *(ans.second) << endl;
78     double avg1 = accumulate(v0.begin(), v0.end(), 0)/v0.size();
79     cout << "均值: " << fixed << setprecision(2) << avg1 << endl;
80 
81     cout << endl;
82 
83     vector<int> v1{v0};
84     cout << "v0: ";
85     output(v0);
86     sort(v1.begin(), v1.end());
87     double avg2 = accumulate(v1.begin()+1, v1.end()-1, 0)/(v1.size()-2);
88     cout << "去掉最大值、最小值之后,均值: " << avg2 << endl;
89 }

 

编译结果

 

实验任务3

代码

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include <string>
 3 #include <algorithm>
 4 
 5 bool is_palindrome(std::string s);
 6 
 7 int main() {
 8     using namespace std;
 9     string s;
10     while (cin >> s) // 多组输入,直到按下Ctrl+Z后结束测试
11         cout << boolalpha << is_palindrome(s) << endl;
12 }
13 
14 // 函数is_palindrome定义
15 bool is_palindrome(std::string s) {
16     // 判断字符串是否和反转后一致(区分大小写)
17     return s == std::string(s.rbegin(), s.rend());
18 }

 

编译结果

 

实验任务4

代码

 

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include <string>
 3 #include <algorithm>
 4 
 5 std::string dec2n(int x, int n = 2);
 6 
 7 int main() {
 8     using namespace std;
 9     int x;
10     while (cin >> x) {
11         cout << "十进制: " << x << endl;
12         cout << "二进制: " << dec2n(x) << endl;
13         cout << "八进制: " << dec2n(x, 8) << endl;
14         cout << "十六进制: " << dec2n(x, 16) << endl << endl;
15     }
16 }
17 
18 // 函数dec2n定义
19 std::string dec2n(int x, int n) {
20     if (x == 0) return "0";
21     std::string result;
22     const char digits[] = "0123456789ABCDEF";
23     while (x > 0) {
24         result += digits[x % n];
25         x /= n;
26     }
27     std::reverse(result.begin(), result.end());
28     return result;
29 }

 

编译结果

 

 

实验任务5

代码

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include <iomanip>
 3 
 4 int main() {
 5     // 打印字母密文对照表
 6     for (int i = 0; i < 26; ++i) {
 7         for (int j = 0; j < 26; ++j) {
 8             char letter = 'A' + (i + j) % 26;
 9             std::cout << letter << ' ';
10         }
11         std::cout << std::endl;
12     }
13     return 0;
14 }

 

编译结果

 

实验任务6

代码

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include <iomanip>
 3 #include <cstdlib>
 4 #include <ctime>
 5 
 6 int main() {
 7     using namespace std;
 8     srand(time(0));
 9     int correct_count = 0;
10     const int total_questions = 10;
11 
12     for (int i = 0; i < total_questions; ++i) {
13         int num1 = rand() % 10 + 1;
14         int num2 = rand() % 10 + 1;
15         char op;
16         int correct_answer;
17 
18         switch (rand() % 4) {
19             case 0:
20                 op = '+';
21                 correct_answer = num1 + num2;
22                 break;
23             case 1:
24                 op = '-';
25                 if (num1 < num2) swap(num1, num2);
26                 correct_answer = num1 - num2;
27                 break;
28             case 2:
29                 op = '*';
30                 correct_answer = num1 * num2;
31                 break;
32             case 3:
33                 op = '/';
34                 while (num1 % num2 != 0) {
35                     num1 = rand() % 10 + 1;
36                     num2 = rand() % 10 + 1;
37                 }
38                 correct_answer = num1 / num2;
39                 break;
40         }
41 
42         int user_answer;
43         cout << num1 << ' ' << op << ' ' << num2 << " = ";
44         cin >> user_answer;
45 
46         if (user_answer == correct_answer) {
47             ++correct_count;
48         }
49     }
50 
51     double accuracy = static_cast<double>(correct_count) / total_questions * 100.0;
52     cout << fixed << setprecision(2);
53     cout << "正确率: " << accuracy << "%" << endl;
54 
55     return 0;
56 }

 

编译结果

 

posted @ 2024-10-11 11:37  starming  阅读(10)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报