groupby 的妙用(注意size和count)

Pandas的groupby()功能很强大,用好了可以方便的解决很多问题,在数据处理以及日常工作中经常能施展拳脚。

今天,我们一起来领略下groupby()的魅力吧。

首先,引入相关package:

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

groupby的基础操作

df = pd.DataFrame({'A': ['a', 'b', 'a', 'c', 'a', 'c', 'b', 'c'], 
   ...:                    'B': [2, 8, 1, 4, 3, 2, 5, 9], 
   ...:                    'C': [102, 98, 107, 104, 115, 87, 92, 123]})
   ...: df
   ...: 

Out[2]: 
   A  B    C
0  a  2  102
1  b  8   98
2  a  1  107
3  c  4  104
4  a  3  115
5  c  2   87
6  b  5   92
7  c  9  123

按A列分组(groupby),获取其他列的均值

df.groupby('A').mean()

Out[3]: 
     B           C
A                 
a  2.0  108.000000
b  6.5   95.000000
c  5.0  104.666667

按多列进行分组(groupby)

df.groupby(['A','B']).mean()

Out[4]: 
       C
A B     
a 1  107
  2  102
  3  115
b 5   92
  8   98
c 2   87
  4  104
  9  123

分组后选择列进行运算

In [5]: df = pd.DataFrame([[1, 1, 2], [1, 2, 3], [2, 3, 4]], columns=["A", "B", "C"])
   ...: df
   ...: 
Out[5]: 
   A  B  C
0  1  1  2
1  1  2  3
2  2  3  4
In [6]: g = df.groupby("A")
In [7]: g['B'].mean() # 仅选择B列

Out[7]: 
A
1    1.5
2    3.0
Name: B, dtype: float64
In [8]: g[['B', 'C']].mean() # 选择B、C列

Out[8]: 
     B    C
A          
1  1.5  2.5
2  3.0  4.0

可以针对不同的列选用不同的聚合方法

In [9]: g.agg({'B':'mean', 'C':'sum'})

Out[9]: 
     B  C
A        
1  1.5  5
2  3.0  4

聚合方法size()和count()

size跟count的区别: size计数时包含NaN值,而count不包含NaN值

In [10]: df = pd.DataFrame({"Name":["Alice", "Bob", "Mallory", "Mallory", "Bob" , "Mallory"],
    ...:                  "City":["Seattle", "Seattle", "Portland", "Seattle", "Seattle", "Portland"],
    ...:                  "Val":[4,3,3,np.nan,np.nan,4]})
    ...: 
    ...: df
    ...: 
Out[10]: 
       City     Name  Val
0   Seattle    Alice  4.0
1   Seattle      Bob  3.0
2  Portland  Mallory  3.0
3   Seattle  Mallory  NaN
4   Seattle      Bob  NaN
5  Portland  Mallory  4.0

count()

In [11]: df.groupby(["Name", "City"], as_index=False)['Val'].count()

Out[11]: 
      Name      City  Val
0    Alice   Seattle    1
1      Bob   Seattle    1
2  Mallory  Portland    2
3  Mallory   Seattle    0

size()

In [12]: df.groupby(["Name", "City"])['Val'].size().reset_index(name='Size')

Out[12]: 
      Name      City  Size
0    Alice   Seattle     1
1      Bob   Seattle     2
2  Mallory  Portland     2
3  Mallory   Seattle     1

分组运算方法 agg()

In [13]: df = pd.DataFrame({'A': list('XYZXYZXYZX'), 'B': [1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 3, 3, 1, 2], 
    ...:                            'C': [12, 14, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 12, 10, 19]})
    ...: df
    ...: 
Out[13]: 
   A  B   C
0  X  1  12
1  Y  2  14
2  Z  1  11
3  X  3  12
4  Y  1  13
5  Z  2  14
6  X  3  16
7  Y  3  12
8  Z  1  10
9  X  2  19
In [14]: df.groupby('A')['B'].agg({'mean':np.mean, 'standard deviation': np.std})

Out[14]: 
       mean  standard deviation
A                              
X  2.250000            0.957427
Y  2.000000            1.000000
Z  1.333333            0.577350

针对不同的列应用多种不同的统计方法

In [15]: df.groupby('A').agg({'B':[np.mean, 'sum'], 'C':['count',np.std]})

Out[15]: 
          B         C          
       mean sum count       std
A                              
X  2.250000   9     4  3.403430
Y  2.000000   6     3  1.000000
Z  1.333333   4     3  2.081666

分组运算方法 apply()

In [16]: df = pd.DataFrame({'A': list('XYZXYZXYZX'), 'B': [1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 3, 3, 1, 2], 
    ...:                            'C': [12, 14, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 12, 10, 19]})
    ...: df
    ...: 
Out[16]: 
   A  B   C
0  X  1  12
1  Y  2  14
2  Z  1  11
3  X  3  12
4  Y  1  13
5  Z  2  14
6  X  3  16
7  Y  3  12
8  Z  1  10
9  X  2  19

In [17]: df.groupby('A').apply(np.mean) 
    ...: # 跟下面的方法的运行结果是一致的
    ...: # df.groupby('A').mean()
Out[17]: 
          B          C
A                     
X  2.250000  14.750000
Y  2.000000  13.000000
Z  1.333333  11.666667

apply()方法可以应用lambda函数,举例如下:

In [18]: df.groupby('A').apply(lambda x: x['C']-x['B'])
Out[18]: 
A   
X  0    11
   3     9
   6    13
   9    17
Y  1    12
   4    12
   7     9
Z  2    10
   5    12
   8     9
dtype: int64

In [19]: df.groupby('A').apply(lambda x: (x['C']-x['B']).mean())
Out[19]: 
A
X    12.500000
Y    11.000000
Z    10.333333
dtype: float64

分组运算方法 transform()

前面进行聚合运算的时候,得到的结果是一个以分组名为 index 的结果对象。如果我们想使用原数组的 index 的话,就需要进行 merge 转换。transform(func, args, *kwargs) 方法简化了这个过程,它会把 func 参数应用到所有分组,然后把结果放置到原数组的 index 上(如果结果是一个标量,就进行广播):

In [20]: df = pd.DataFrame({'group1' :  ['A', 'A', 'A', 'A',
    ...:                                'B', 'B', 'B', 'B'],
    ...:                    'group2' :  ['C', 'C', 'C', 'D',
    ...:                                'E', 'E', 'F', 'F'],
    ...:                    'B'      :  ['one', np.NaN, np.NaN, np.NaN,
    ...:                                 np.NaN, 'two', np.NaN, np.NaN],
    ...:                    'C'      :  [np.NaN, 1, np.NaN, np.NaN,
    ...:                                np.NaN, np.NaN, np.NaN, 4]})           
    ...: df
    ...: 
Out[20]: 
     B    C group1 group2
0  one  NaN      A      C
1  NaN  1.0      A      C
2  NaN  NaN      A      C
3  NaN  NaN      A      D
4  NaN  NaN      B      E
5  two  NaN      B      E
6  NaN  NaN      B      F
7  NaN  4.0      B      F

In [21]: df.groupby(['group1', 'group2'])['B'].transform('count')
Out[21]: 
0    1
1    1
2    1
3    0
4    1
5    1
6    0
7    0
Name: B, dtype: int64

In [22]: df['count_B']=df.groupby(['group1', 'group2'])['B'].transform('count')
    ...: df
    ...: 
Out[22]: 
     B    C group1 group2  count_B
0  one  NaN      A      C        1
1  NaN  1.0      A      C        1
2  NaN  NaN      A      C        1
3  NaN  NaN      A      D        0
4  NaN  NaN      B      E        1
5  two  NaN      B      E        1
6  NaN  NaN      B      F        0
7  NaN  4.0      B      F        0

上面运算的结果分析: {‘group1’:’A’, ‘group2’:’C’}的组合共出现3次,即index为0,1,2。对应”B”列的值分别是”one”,”NaN”,”NaN”,由于count()计数时不包括Nan值,因此{‘group1’:’A’, ‘group2’:’C’}的count计数值为1。
transform()方法会将该计数值在dataframe中所有涉及的rows都显示出来(我理解应该就进行广播)

将某列数据按数据值分成不同范围段进行分组(groupby)运算

In [23]: np.random.seed(0)
    ...: df = pd.DataFrame({'Age': np.random.randint(20, 70, 100), 
    ...:                    'Sex': np.random.choice(['Male', 'Female'], 100), 
    ...:                    'number_of_foo': np.random.randint(1, 20, 100)})
    ...: df.head()
    ...: 
Out[23]: 
   Age     Sex  number_of_foo
0   64  Female             14
1   67  Female             14
2   20  Female             12
3   23    Male             17
4   23  Female             15

 

posted @ 2019-12-16 12:01  朝阳的向日葵  阅读(15565)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报