【转】/proc/sysrq-trigger 详解

http://blog.csdn.net/beckdon/article/details/41313713

 

 

# 立即重新启动计算机
echo "b" > /proc/sysrq-trigger

 

# 立即关闭计算机
echo "o" > /proc/sysrq-trigger

 

# 导出内存分配的信息 （可以用/var/log/message 查看）
echo "m" > /proc/sysrq-trigger

 

# 导出当前CPU寄存器信息和标志位的信息
echo "p" > /proc/sysrq-trigger

 

# 导出线程状态信息
echo "t" > /proc/sysrq-trigger

 

# 故意让系统崩溃
echo "c" > /proc/sysrq-trigger

 

# 立即重新挂载所有的文件系统 
echo "s" > /proc/sysrq-trigger

 

# 立即重新挂载所有的文件系统为只读
echo "u" > /proc/sysrq-trigger

 

Documentation for sysrq.c

 

Based on kernel version 2.6.38. Page generated on 2011-03-22 22:20 EST.

 

1       Linux Magic System Request Key Hacks

2       Documentation for sysrq.c

3      

4       * What is the magic SysRq key?

5       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

6       It is a 'magical' key combo you can hit which the kernel will respond to

7       regardless of whatever else it is doing, unless it is completely locked up.

8      

9       * How do I enable the magic SysRq key?

10     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

11     You need to say "yes" to 'Magic SysRq key (CONFIG_MAGIC_SYSRQ)' when

12     configuring the kernel. When running a kernel with SysRq compiled in,

13     /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq controls the functions allowed to be invoked via

14     the SysRq key. By default the file contains 1 which means that every

15     possible SysRq request is allowed (in older versions SysRq was disabled

16     by default, and you were required to specifically enable it at run-time

17     but this is not the case any more). Here is the list of possible values

18     in /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq:

19        0 - disable sysrq completely

20        1 - enable all functions of sysrq

21      >1 - bitmask of allowed sysrq functions (see below for detailed function

22            description):

23               2 - enable control of console logging level

24               4 - enable control of keyboard (SAK, unraw)

25               8 - enable debugging dumps of processes etc.

26              16 - enable sync command

27              32 - enable remount read-only

28              64 - enable signalling of processes (term, kill, oom-kill)

29             128 - allow reboot/poweroff

30             256 - allow nicing of all RT tasks

31    

32     You can set the value in the file by the following command:

33         echo "number" >/proc/sys/kernel/sysrq

34    

35     Note that the value of /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq influences only the invocation

36     via a keyboard. Invocation of any operation via /proc/sysrq-trigger is always

37     allowed (by a user with admin privileges).

38    

39     * How do I use the magic SysRq key?

40     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

41     On x86   - You press the key combo 'ALT-SysRq-<command key>'. Note - Some

42                keyboards may not have a key labeled 'SysRq'. The 'SysRq' key is

43                also known as the 'Print Screen' key. Also some keyboards cannot

44                 handle so many keys being pressed at the same time, so you might

45                 have better luck with "press Alt", "press SysRq", "release SysRq",

46                 "press <command key>", release everything.

47    

48     On SPARC - You press 'ALT-STOP-<command key>', I believe.

49    

50     On the serial console (PC style standard serial ports only) -

51                You send a BREAK, then within 5 seconds a command key. Sending

52                BREAK twice is interpreted as a normal BREAK.

53    

54     On PowerPC - Press 'ALT - Print Screen (or F13) - <command key>, 

55                  Print Screen (or F13) - <command key> may suffice.

56    

57     On other - If you know of the key combos for other architectures, please

58                let me know so I can add them to this section.

59    

60     On all - write a character to /proc/sysrq-trigger. e.g.:

61    

62                       echo t > /proc/sysrq-trigger

63    

64     * What are the 'command' keys?

65     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

66     'b'     - Will immediately reboot the system without syncing or unmounting

67               your disks.

68    

69     'c'     - Will perform a system crash by a NULL pointer dereference.

 

# 立即重新启动计算机

　　echo "b" > /proc/sysrq-trigger

　　# 立即关闭计算机

　　echo "o" > /proc/sysrq-trigger

　　# 导出内存分配的信息 （可以用/var/log/message 查看）

　　echo "m" > /proc/sysrq-trigger

　　# 导出当前CPU寄存器信息和标志位的信息

　　echo "p" > /proc/sysrq-trigger

　　# 导出线程状态信息

　　echo "t" > /proc/sysrq-trigger

　　# 故意让系统崩溃

　　echo "c" > /proc/sysrq-trigger

　　# 立即重新挂载所有的文件系统

　　echo "s" > /proc/sysrq-trigger

　　# 立即重新挂载所有的文件系统为只读

　　echo "u" > /proc/sysrq-trigger

 

下面将sysrq.txt中的内容附加上一段，全部可以使用的command：

 

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~  'b'     - Will immediately reboot the system without syncing or unmounting            your disks.    'c' - Will perform a system crash by a NULL pointer dereference.            A crashdump will be taken if configured.    'd' - Shows all locks that are held.    'e'     - Send a SIGTERM to all processes, except for init.    'f' - Will call oom_kill to kill a memory hog process.    'g' - Used by kgdb on ppc and sh platforms.    'h'     - Will display help (actually any other key than those listed            here will display help. but 'h' is easy to remember :-)    'i'     - Send a SIGKILL to all processes, except for init.    'j'     - Forcibly "Just thaw it" - filesystems frozen by the FIFREEZE ioctl.    'k'     - Secure Access Key (SAK) Kills all programs on the current virtual            console. NOTE: See important comments below in SAK section.    'l'     - Shows a stack backtrace for all active CPUs.    'm'     - Will dump current memory info to your console.    'n' - Used to make RT tasks nice-able    'o'     - Will shut your system off (if configured and supported).    'p'     - Will dump the current registers and flags to your console.    'q'     - Will dump per CPU lists of all armed hrtimers (but NOT regular            timer_list timers) and detailed information about all            clockevent devices.    'r'     - Turns off keyboard raw mode and sets it to XLATE.    's'     - Will attempt to sync all mounted filesystems.    't'     - Will dump a list of current tasks and their information to your            console.    'u'     - Will attempt to remount all mounted filesystems read-only.    'v' - Dumps Voyager SMP processor info to your console.    'w' - Dumps tasks that are in uninterruptable (blocked) state.    'x' - Used by xmon interface on ppc/powerpc platforms.    'z' - Dump the ftrace buffer    '0'-'9' - Sets the console log level, controlling which kernel messages            will be printed to your console. ('0', for example would make            it so that only emergency messages like PANICs or OOPSes would            make it to your console.)  

本文出自 “itnihao的运维技术博客” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://itnihao.blog.51cto.com/1741976/830374

 

 

这是一组“魔术组合键”，只要内核没有被完全锁住，不管内核在做什么事情，使用这些组合键能即时打印出内核的信息。

使用sysrq组合键是了解系统目前运行情况的最佳方式。如果系统出现挂起的情况或在诊断一些和内核相关，比较怪异，比较难重现的问题的时候，使用sysrq键是个比较好的方式。

怎么打开和关闭SysRq组合键?

为了安全起见，在红帽企业版Linux里面，默认SysRq组合键是关闭的。 打开这个功能，运行：

# echo 1 > /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq

关闭这个功能：

# echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq

如果想让此功能一直生效，在/etc/sysctl.conf里面设置kernel.sysrq的值为1. 重新启动以后，此功能将会自动

打开。

kernel.sysrq = 1

因为打开sysrq键的功能以后，有终端访问权限的用户将会拥有一些特别的功能。因此，除非是要调试，解决问题，一般情况下，不要打开此功能。如果一定要打开，请确保你的终端访问的安全性。

怎么触发一个sysrq事件?

有几种方式能触发sysrq事件。在带有AT键盘的一般系统上，在终端上输入一下组合键:

Alt+PrintScreen+[CommandKey]

例如，要让内核导出内存信息(CommandKey "m")，你应该同时按下Alt 和 Print Screen 键，然后按下 m 键.

提示: 此组合键在Xwindows上是无法使用的。所以，你先要转换到文本虚拟终端下。如果你当前是在图像界面，

能按Ctrl+Alt+F1转换到虚拟终端。

在串口终端上,要想获得同样的效果，需要先在终端上发送Break信号，然后在5秒内输入sysrq组合键。

如果你在机器上有root权限，你能把commandkey字符写入到/proc/sysrq-trigger文件。这能帮助你通过脚本或你不在系统终端上的时候触发sysrq事件。

# echo 'm' > /proc/sysrq-trigger

当我触发一个sysrq事件的时候，结果保存在什么地方?

当一个sysrq命令被触发，内核将会打印信息到内核的环形缓冲并输出到系统控制台。此信息一般也会通过syslog输出到/var/log/messages.

有时候，可能系统已无法响应，syslogd可能无法记录此信息。在这种情况下，建议你设置一个串口终端来收集这个信息。

那些类型的sysrq事件能被触发?

sysrq功能被打开后，有几种sysrq事件能被触发。不同的内核版本可能会有些不同。但有一些是共用的:

* m - 导出关于内存分配的信息，

* t - 导出线程状态信息，

* p - 导出当前CPU寄存器信息和标志位的信息，

* c - 故意让系统崩溃(在使用netdump或diskdump的时候有用)，

* s - 即时同步所有挂载的文件系统，

* u - 即时重新挂载所有的文件系统为只读，

* b - 即时重新启动系统，

* o - 即时关机(如果机器设置并支持此项功能)。