Spring Boot 4.web开发

web开发

thymeleaf、web定制、容器定制
代码地址
ssh git@gitee.com:Ding_DangMao/learn-spring-bot.git

1. 简介

使用Spring Boot

  1. 创建 springboot应用,选中我们需要的模块。
  2. spring boot已经默认将这些场景配置好了,只需要在配置文件中指定少量配置就可以运行起来
  3. 编写自己业务代码

自动配置原理?

这个常见 spring boot帮我们配置了什么?能不能修改?能修改那些配置?能不能扩展?XXX

XxxAutoConfiguration 帮我们给容器中自动配置组件
XxxProperties 配置类来封装配置文件的内容

2. spring boot静态资源的映射规则

  • spring boot的 mvc配置都在 WebMvcAutoConfiguration.java里面
//添加资源映射 WebMvcAutoConfiguration类中【这个方法】
public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
	if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) {
		logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled");
	} else {
		Integer cachePeriod = this.resourceProperties.getCachePeriod();
		if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**")) {
			this.customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(registry.addResourceHandler(new String[]{"/webjars/**"}).addResourceLocations(new String[]{"classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/"}).setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
		}

		String staticPathPattern = this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern();
		if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) {
			this.customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(registry.addResourceHandler(new String[]{staticPathPattern}).addResourceLocations(this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations()).setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
		}
	}
}
----------原理---------
//ResourceProperties 可以设置静态资源有关的参数,缓存时间等。
@ConfigurationProperties(
    prefix = "spring.resources",
    ignoreUnknownFields = false
)
public class ResourceProperties implements ResourceLoaderAware {}

// /** 可以访问当前项目任何资源
public String getStaticPathPattern() {
	return this.staticPathPattern; // this.staticPathPattern = "/**";
}

public String[] getStaticLocations() {
	return this.staticLocations;
}
this.staticLocations = RESOURCE_LOCATIONS;
static {
	RESOURCE_LOCATIONS = new String[CLASSPATH_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS.length + SERVLET_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS.length];
	System.arraycopy(SERVLET_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS, 0, RESOURCE_LOCATIONS, 0, SERVLET_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS.length);
	System.arraycopy(CLASSPATH_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS, 0, RESOURCE_LOCATIONS, SERVLET_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS.length, CLASSPATH_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS.length);
}
CLASSPATH_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS = new String[]{"classpath:/META-INF/resources/", "classpath:/resources/", "classpath:/static/", "classpath:/public/"};
SERVLET_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS = new String[]{"/"};
  1. 所有 /webjars/** 的资源都去 classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/ 找资源;
    webjars:以 jar包的方式引入静态资源,
    image
    localhost:8080/webjars/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.js 拿到jquery文件
    	在访问的时候只需要写webjars下面资源的名称即可
        <!--引入 jquery-web-jar-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
            <artifactId>jquery</artifactId>
            <version>3.3.1</version>
        </dependency>
    
  2. /** 可以访问当前项目的任何资源,如果没人处理默认从【静态资源的文件夹】
    "classpath:/META-INF/resources/",
    "classpath:/resources/",
    "classpath:/static/",
    "classpath:/public/"
    "/" 当前项目的根路径
    
    localhost:8080/abc ===>去静态资源文件里面找abc
  3. 欢迎页映射,静态资源文件夹下的所有 index.html 页面,被 /** 映射。
    localhost:8080/ 默认找index页面
//配置欢迎页映射 WebMvcAutoConfiguration类中【这个方法】
@Bean
public WebMvcAutoConfiguration.WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping(ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
	return new WebMvcAutoConfiguration.WelcomePageHandlerMapping(resourceProperties.getWelcomePage(), this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern());
}
-----------原理------------
public Resource getWelcomePage() {
	String[] var1 = this.getStaticWelcomePageLocations();
	int var2 = var1.length;
	return null;
}
private String[] getStaticWelcomePageLocations() {
	String[] result = new String[this.staticLocations.length];
	//staticLocations 上面有
	for(int i = 0; i < result.length; ++i) {
		String location = this.staticLocations[i];
		if (!location.endsWith("/")) {
			location = location + "/";
		}

		result[i] = location + "index.html";
	}
	return result;
}

public String getStaticPathPattern() {
	return this.staticPathPattern;//this.staticPathPattern = "/**";
}
  1. 所有的 **/favicon.ioc 都是在静态资源文件下找
//浏览器打开左上角的图标配置 WebMvcAutoConfiguration类中【这个方法】
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnProperty(
	value = {"spring.mvc.favicon.enabled"},
	matchIfMissing = true
)
public static class FaviconConfiguration {
	private final ResourceProperties resourceProperties;

	public FaviconConfiguration(ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
		this.resourceProperties = resourceProperties;
	}

	@Bean
	public SimpleUrlHandlerMapping faviconHandlerMapping() {
		SimpleUrlHandlerMapping mapping = new SimpleUrlHandlerMapping();
		mapping.setOrder(-2147483647);
		mapping.setUrlMap(Collections.singletonMap("**/favicon.ico", this.faviconRequestHandler()));
		//所有 **/favicon.ico
		return mapping;
	}

	@Bean
	public ResourceHttpRequestHandler faviconRequestHandler() {
		ResourceHttpRequestHandler requestHandler = new ResourceHttpRequestHandler();
		requestHandler.setLocations(this.resourceProperties.getFaviconLocations());
		return requestHandler;
	}
}
----------原理--------------
List<Resource> getFaviconLocations() {
	List<Resource> locations = new ArrayList(this.staticLocations.length + 1);
}
String[] staticLocations; //和上面一样,

3. 模板引擎

jsp,velocity,freemarker,thymeleaf
image
spring boot 推荐的 thymeleaf,语法简单,功能更强大

3.1 引入 thymeleaf

<!--引入thymeleaf 版本不用管,当前我引入的 springboot1.5.9默认版本2.1.6-->
<dependency>
	<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--我们需要切换版本-->

<properties> 顺序这个标签在上面
	<!--主程序-->
	<thymeleaf.version>3.0.11.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version>
	<!--布局功能的支持程序  如果是:版本3主程序 layout2以上版本-->
	<!--例如:thymeleaf2 和 layout1 适配  【layout2.0.0以上支持 thymeleaf3以上版本】-->
	<thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>2.3.0</thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>
</properties>

3.2 thymeleaf 使用

@ConfigurationProperties(
    prefix = "spring.thymeleaf"
)
public class ThymeleafProperties {
    private static final Charset DEFAULT_ENCODING = Charset.forName("UTF-8");
    private static final MimeType DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE = MimeType.valueOf("text/html");
    public static final String DEFAULT_PREFIX = "classpath:/templates/"; //默认的视图前缀
    public static final String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = ".html"; //默认的视图后缀
	//只要我们把 html页面放在 /templates/,thymeleaf 就自动渲染了
    private boolean checkTemplate = true;
    private boolean checkTemplateLocation = true;
    private String prefix = "classpath:/templates/"; 
    private String suffix = ".html";	
    private String mode = "HTML5";
    private Charset encoding;
    private MimeType contentType;
    private boolean cache;
    private Integer templateResolverOrder;
    private String[] viewNames;
    private String[] excludedViewNames;
    private boolean enabled;
}
  1. 导入 thymeleaf的名称空间
    <html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
    
  2. 使用 thymeleaf 语法
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
    <head>
    	<meta charset="UTF-8">
    	<title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    <h2>成功</h2>
    <!--th:text="" 将div里面的文本内容设置为 指定的值-->
    <div th:text="${hello}">
    	这是显示欢迎信息
    </div>
    </body>
    </html>
    

3.3 语法规则

  1. th:text :改变当前元素里面的文本内容
    th :任意html属性,来替换原生属性的值
    image
  2. 我们能写的表达式
Simple expressions: # 表达式语法
    Variable Expressions: ${...}
        1. 获取对象的属性,调用方法
        2. 使用内置对象
            #ctx : the context object.
            #vars: the context variables.
            #locale : the context locale.
            #request : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletRequest object.
            #response : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletResponse object.
            #session : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpSession object.
            #servletContext : (only in Web Contexts) the ServletContext object.
            
            $(session.size())
        3. 内置的一些工具对象
            #execInfo : information about the template being processed.
            #messages : methods for obtaining externalized messages inside variables expressions, in the same way as they
            would be obtained using #{…} syntax.
            #uris : methods for escaping parts of URLs/URIs
            Page 20 of 106
            #conversions : methods for executing the configured conversion service (if any).
            #dates : methods for java.util.Date objects: formatting, component extraction, etc.
            #calendars : analogous to #dates , but for java.util.Calendar objects.
            #numbers : methods for formatting numeric objects.
            #strings : methods for String objects: contains, startsWith, prepending/appending, etc.
            #objects : methods for objects in general.
            #bools : methods for boolean evaluation.
            #arrays : methods for arrays.
            #lists : methods for lists.
            #sets : methods for sets.
            #maps : methods for maps.
            #aggregates : methods for creating aggregates on arrays or collections.
            #ids : methods for dealing with id attributes that might be repeated (for example, as a result of an iteration).
            
    Selection Variable Expressions: *{...} 选择表达式【和 ${}在功能上是一样的】
        补充,配合 th:object=${session.user}
        <div th:object="${session.user}">
            <p>Name: <span th:text="*{firstName}">Sebastian</span>.</p>
            <p>Surname: <span th:text="*{lastName}">Pepper</span>.</p>
            <p>Nationality: <span th:text="*{nationality}">Saturn</span>.</p>
        </div>
        
    Message Expressions: #{...} 获取国际化内容的
    Link URL Expressions: @{...} 定义url连接的
        @{/order/process(execId=${execId},execType='FAST')}
        
    Fragment Expressions: ~{...} 片段引用表达式
        <div th:insert="~{commons :: main}">...</div>
Literals 字面量
    Text literals: 'one text' , 'Another one!' ,…
    Number literals: 0 , 34 , 3.0 , 12.3 ,…
    Boolean literals: true , false
    Null literal: null
    Literal tokens: one , sometext , main ,…
Text operations: 文本操作
    String concatenation: +
    Literal substitutions: |The name is ${name}|
Arithmetic operations: 数学运算
    Binary operators: + , - , * , / , %
    Minus sign (unary operator): -
Boolean operations: boolean运算
    Binary operators: and , or
    Boolean negation (unary operator): ! , not
Comparisons and equality: 比较运算
    Comparators: > , < , >= , <= ( gt , lt , ge , le )
    Equality operators: == , != ( eq , ne )
Conditional operators: 条件运算(三元运算也支持)
    If-then: (if) ? (then)
    If-then-else: (if) ? (then) : (else)
    Default: (value) ?: (defaultvalue)
Special tokens: 特别的字符
    No-Operation: _

练习

@Controller //代表当前类是一个控制器
public class HelloController {

    @ResponseBody //hello 发送出去需要依赖 responseBody
    @RequestMapping("/hello") //处理请求
    public String Hello() {
        return "hello world";
    }

    /**
     * 查出一些数据,在页面展示
     *
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping("/success")
    public String success(Map<String, Object> map) {
        // classpath:/templates/
        map.put("hello", "<h1>你好</h1>");
        map.put("users", Arrays.asList("张三", "李四", "王五"));
        return "success";
    }
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>成功</h2>
<!--th:text="" 将div里面的文本内容设置为 指定的值-->
<div th:text="${hello}" th:id="${hello}" th:clas="${hello}">
    这是显示欢迎信息
</div>

<hr>
<div th:text="${hello}"></div>
<div th:utext="${hello}"></div>
<hr>
<!-- th:each 每次遍历都会生成当前这个标签-->
<h4 th:text="${user}" th:each="user:${users}"></h4>
<hr>
<!-- 英式符号写在里会转移,所以记录中文
【【美元符{...}】】 ,双中括号,就是 th:text 会转义
【(美元符{...})】 ,中括号小括号,就是 th:utext 不会转义
-->
<h4>
    <span th:each="user:${users}">[[${user}]]</span>
</h4>

</body>
</html>

image

4. spring mvc自动配置

地址 https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/2.5.6/reference/htmlsingle/#features.developing-web-applications.spring-mvc

Spring MVC Auto-configuration
Spring Boot 自动配置好了 springMVC
以下是 spring boot对springMVC的默认配置

  • Inclusion of ContentNegotiatingViewResolver and BeanNameViewResolver beans.

    • 自动配置了 ViewResolver【视图解析器:根据方法的返回值的到视图对象 view】,视图对象决定如何渲染【转发重定向】
    • ContentNegotiatingViewResolver:组合所有的视图解析器的
    • 如何定制,我们可以自己给容器种添加一个视图解析器,自动的将其组合进来
  • Support for serving static resources, including support for WebJars (covered later in this document).

    • 静态资源文件夹路径,webjars
  • 自动注册了 Converter, GenericConverter, and Formatter beans.

    • Converter 转换器;public String hello(User user);类型转换使用 Converter
    • Formatter 格式化器;2017.12.17=Data;
      @Bean
      @ConditionalOnProperty(
          prefix = "spring.mvc",
          name = {"date-format"}//在文件中配置日期格式化规则
      )
      public Formatter<Date> dateFormatter() {
          //日期格式化组件
          return new DateFormatter(this.mvcProperties.getDateFormat());
      }
      
      自己添加的格式化转换器,我们只需要放在容器中即可
  • Static Faviccon support (see below) favicon.ico

  • Support for HttpMessageConverters (covered later in this document).

    • HttpMessageConverters:springmvc用来转换 http请求和响应的:user-login
    • HttpMessageConverters 是从容器中确定的;底层就是获取所有的 httpMessageConverter
      自己给容器中添加 httpMessageConverter,只需要将自己的组件注册容器中【@Bean,@Component】
  • Automatic registration of MessageCodesResolver (covered later in this document).

    • 定义错误代码生成规则
  • Static index.html support. 静态首页访问的

  • Automatic use of a ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer bean (covered later in this document).

    • 我们也可以配置一个 ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer【它是从容器中拿的】来替换默认配置,添加到容器中
    • 初始化 WebDataBinder;请求数据 == JavaBean
  • spring-boot-autoconfigure-1.5.10.RELEASE.jar!\org\springframework\boot\ autoconfigure\web 自动配置web的所有场景

  • If you want to keep those Spring Boot MVC customizations and make more MVC customizations (interceptors, formatters, view controllers, and other features), you can add your own @Configuration class of type WebMvcConfigurer but without @EnableWebMvc.

  • If you want to provide custom instances of RequestMappingHandlerMapping, RequestMappingHandlerAdapter, or ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver, and still keep the Spring Boot MVC customizations, you can declare a bean of type WebMvcRegistrations and use it to provide custom instances of those components.

  • If you want to take complete control of Spring MVC, you can add your own @Configuration annotated with @EnableWebMvc, or alternatively add your own @Configuration-annotated DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration as described in the Javadoc of @EnableWebMvc.

4.1 spring mvc auto-configuration

4.2 扩展 spring mvc

<mvc:view-controller path="/hello" view-name="success"/>
<mvc:interceptors>
    <mvc:interceptor>
        <mvc:mapping path="/hello"/>
        <bean></bean>
    </mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors>

编写一个配置类 【@Configuration】,是WebMvcConfigurerAdapter类型;不能标注 @EnableWebMvc
既保留了所有的自动配置,也能用我们扩展的配置

 * 使用 WebMvcConfigurerAdapter可以来扩展 springmvc的功能
 */
@Configuration
public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
    @Override
    public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
//        super.addViewControllers(registry);
        //浏览器发送请求 /cainiao 来到 success页面
        registry.addViewController("/cainiao").setViewName("success");
    }
}

image
image
原理

  1. WebMvcAutoConfiguration 是springmvc的自动配置类
  2. 在做其他自动配置时会导入:@Import(EnableWebMvcConfiguration.class)
    @Configuration
    @Import({WebMvcAutoConfiguration.EnableWebMvcConfiguration.class})
    @EnableConfigurationProperties({WebMvcProperties.class, ResourceProperties.class})
    public static class WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {}
    
    ----------原理-----------
    @Configuration
    public static class EnableWebMvcConfiguration extends DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration {}
    
    @Configuration
    public class DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {
    
        private final WebMvcConfigurerComposite configurers = new WebMvcConfigurerComposite();
    
        //从容器中 获取所有的 webmvcconfigurer
        @Autowired(required = false) //自动装配,
        public void setConfigurers(List<WebMvcConfigurer> configurers) {
            if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(configurers)) {
                this.configurers.addWebMvcConfigurers(configurers);
            }
        }
        //一个参考实现 将所有的 WebMvcConfigurer相关配置都来一起调用。
        @Override
        protected void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
            this.configurers.addViewControllers(registry);
        }
    }
    @Override
    public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
        for (WebMvcConfigurer delegate : this.delegates) {
            delegate.addViewControllers(registry);
        }
    }
    
  3. 容器中所有的 WebMvcConfigurer都会一起起作用
  4. 我们的配置类也会被调用;效果,springmvc的自动配置和我们的扩展配置都会起作用。

4.3 全面接管 spring mvc

  • spring boot对springmvc的自动配置不需要,所有都是我们自己配,所有的 springmvc的自动配置都失效了。我们需要在配置类中添加 @EnableWebMvc 即可 。
    原理
  • 为什么加上 @EnableWebMvc自动配置就就失效了,
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Documented
@Import(DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration.class) enablewebmvc 的核心
public @interface EnableWebMvc {
}

@Configuration
public class DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {
}

@Configuration
@ConditionalOnWebApplication
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class,
		WebMvcConfigurerAdapter.class })
//主要因为这个 容器中没有这个 bean的时候,这个自动配置类才生效
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(WebMvcConfigurationSupport.class)
@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 10)
@AutoConfigureAfter({ DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.class,
		ValidationAutoConfiguration.class })
public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration {}
  • @EnableWebMvc 将 WebMvcConfigurationSupport 组件导入进来。
  • 导入的 WebMvcConfigurationSupport只是springmvc的基本功能。

5. 如何修改 spring boot的默认配置

模式

  1. spring boot在自动配置很多组件的时候,想看容器中有没有用户字节配置的【@Bean,@Component】如果有就用用户配置的,如果没有,才自动配置。如果有些组件可以有多个【viewResolver】将用户配置和自己配置的组合起来。
  2. 在 spring boot会有非常多的 xxConfigurer帮助我们进行扩展配置
  3. 在 spring boot中会有很多的 xxCustomizer帮助我们进行定制配置

6. RestfulCRUD

  1. 默认访问首页
/**
 * @author shkstart
 * @create 2021-10-26 19:31
 * 使用 WebMvcConfigurerAdapter可以来扩展 springmvc的功能
 */
//@EnableWebMvc
@Configuration
public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
    @Override
    public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
//        super.addViewControllers(registry);
        //浏览器发送请求 /cainiao 来到 success页面
        registry.addViewController("/cainiao").setViewName("success");
    }

    //所有的 WebMvcConfigurerAdapter组件会一起起作用
    @Bean //将组建注册在容器中
    public WebMvcConfigurerAdapter getWebMvcConfigurerAdapter() {
        return new WebMvcConfigurerAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
                registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("login");
                registry.addViewController("/index.html").setViewName("login");
            }
        };
    }
}

6.1 默认访问首页

6.2 国际化

  1. 编写国际化配置文件
  2. 使用 ResourceBundleMessageSource 管理国际化资源文件
  3. 在页面使用 fmt:message 取出国际化内容

步骤

  1. 编写国际化配置文件,抽取页面需要显示的国际化消息
    image
  2. spring boot自动配置好了管理国际化资源文件的组件
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = MessageSource.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
@Conditional(ResourceBundleCondition.class)
@EnableConfigurationProperties
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.messages")
public class MessageSourceAutoConfiguration {
    /**
    * Comma-separated list of basenames, each following the ResourceBundle convention.
    * Essentially a fully-qualified classpath location. If it doesn't contain a package
    * qualifier (such as "org.mypackage"), it will be resolved from the classpath root.
    */
    private String basename = "messages";
    //我们的配置文件可以直接放在类路径下叫 message.properties
    
    //管理国际化资源文件的 source
    @Bean
    public MessageSource messageSource() {
        ResourceBundleMessageSource messageSource = new ResourceBundleMessageSource();
        if (StringUtils.hasText(this.basename)) {
            //设置国际化资源文件的基础名【去掉国家代码的】
            messageSource.setBasenames(StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray(
                StringUtils.trimAllWhitespace(this.basename)));
        }
        if (this.encoding != null) {
            messageSource.setDefaultEncoding(this.encoding.name());
        }
        messageSource.setFallbackToSystemLocale(this.fallbackToSystemLocale);
        messageSource.setCacheSeconds(this.cacheSeconds);
        messageSource.setAlwaysUseMessageFormat(this.alwaysUseMessageFormat);
        return messageSource;
    }
}
#application.properties 文件
指定国际化文件的的路径
spring.messages.basename=i181.login
  1. 去页面获取国际化的值
    使用 #{} 获取值【login.html,index.html换成了login.html】
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no">
    <meta name="description" content="">
    <meta name="author" content="">
    <title>Signin Template for Bootstrap</title>
    <!-- Bootstrap core CSS -->                         <!--@语法 会自动引入项目路径-->
    <link href="asserts/css/bootstrap.min.css" th:href="@{/webjars/bootstrap/4.0.0/css/bootstrap.css}" rel="stylesheet">
    <!-- Custom styles for this template -->
    <link href="asserts/css/signin.css" th:href="@{/asserts/css/signin.css}" rel="stylesheet">
</head>

<body class="text-center">
<form class="form-signin" action="dashboard.html" th:action="@{/user/login}" method="post">
    <img class="mb-4" src="asserts/img/bootstrap-solid.svg" th:href="@{/asserts/img/bootstrap-solid.svg}" alt=""
         width="72" height="72">
    <h1 class="h3 mb-3 font-weight-normal" th:text="#{login.tip}">Please sign in</h1>
    <!--做一个判断-->
    <p style="color: red" th:text="${msg}" th:if="${not #strings.isEmpty(msg)}"></p>
    <label class="sr-only" th:text="#{login.username}">Username</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control" th:placeholder="#{login.username}" placeholder="Username" required=""
           name="username" autofocus="">
    <label class="sr-only" th:text="#{login.password}">Password</label>
    <input type="password" class="form-control" th:placeholder="#{login.password}" placeholder="Password"
           name="password" required="">
    <div class="checkbox mb-3">
        <label>
            <input type="checkbox" value="remember-me"> [[#{login.remember}]] <!-- Remember me-->
        </label>
    </div>
    <button class="btn btn-lg btn-primary btn-block" type="submit" th:text="#{login.btn}">Sign in</button>
    <p class="mt-5 mb-3 text-muted">© 2017-2018</p>
    <a class="btn btn-sm" th:href="@{/index.html(l='zh_CN')}">中文</a>
    <a class="btn btn-sm" th:href="@{/index.html(l='en_US')}">English</a>
</form>

</body>

</html>

乱码问题解决
image

#application.properties 文件
#i18n 乱码问题
spring.messages.encoding=utf-8

image

效果:根据浏览器语言设置的信息切换了国际化

  • 原理:
    国际化 Locale【区域信息对象】LocaleResolver【获取区域对象】
        @Bean
        @ConditionalOnMissingBean
        @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc", name = "locale")
        public LocaleResolver localeResolver() {
            if (this.mvcProperties
                .getLocaleResolver() == WebMvcProperties.LocaleResolver.FIXED) {
                return new FixedLocaleResolver(this.mvcProperties.getLocale());
            }
            AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver localeResolver = new AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver();
            localeResolver.setDefaultLocale(this.mvcProperties.getLocale());
            return localeResolver;
        }
    // 默认的就是根据请求头带来的区域信息获取 locale进行国际化
    
    image
    image
  1. 点击连接切换国际化【自己编写一个 LocaleResolver 加到容器中
    <!--login.html-->
    <p class="mt-5 mb-3 text-muted">© 2017-2018</p>
    <a class="btn btn-sm" th:href="@{/index.html(l='zh_CN')}">中文</a>
    <a class="btn btn-sm" th:href="@{/index.html(l='en_US')}">English</a>
    
    import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.LocaleResolver;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.util.Locale;
    
    /**
     * 可以在连接上携带区域信息
     */
    public class MyLocaleResolver implements LocaleResolver {
    
        //解析区域信息的
        @Override
        public Locale resolveLocale(HttpServletRequest request) {
            String l = request.getParameter("l");
            //获取到就根据获取到的,没有,默认的
            Locale locale = Locale.getDefault();
            if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(l)) {
                String[] split = l.split("_");
                //第一参数,语言代码,第二个,国家代码
                locale = new Locale(split[0], split[1]);
                System.out.println("使用自定义的 local");
            }
            return locale;
        }
    
        @Override
        public void setLocale(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Locale locale) {
    
        }
    }
    
    //名字 localeResolver 指明一下 否则会使用spring boot默认的
    @Bean(name = "localeResolver")
    public LocaleResolver localResolver() {
        return new MyLocaleResolver();
    }
    

6.3 登录

"开发技巧"

  • 开发期间模板页面修改以后,要实时生效
    1. 禁用模板引擎的缓存
      #禁用掉模板缓存
      spring.thymeleaf.cache=false
      
    2. 修改页面完成以后 ctrl + f9 重新加载页面
  • 登录错误消息的显示
    <!--做一个判断-->
    <p style="color: red" th:text="${msg}" th:if="${not #strings.isEmpty(msg)}"></p>
    

6.4 拦截器进行检查

/**
 * @author shkstart
 * @create 2021-10-27 21:02
 * 拦截器:登录检查
 */

public class LoginHandlerInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
    //目标方法执行执行
    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {

        Object user = request.getSession().getAttribute("loginUser");
        if (user == null) {
            //未登录,返回登录页面
            request.setAttribute("msg", "你没有权限");
            request.getRequestDispatcher("/index.html").forward(request, response);
        } else {
            //已登录,放行请求
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {

    }

    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {

    }
}

image

    //所有的 WebMvcConfigurerAdapter组件会一起起作用
    @Bean //将组建注册在容器中
    public WebMvcConfigurerAdapter getWebMvcConfigurerAdapter() {
        return new WebMvcConfigurerAdapter() {
            //视图控制器
            @Override
            public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
                registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("login");
                registry.addViewController("/index.html").setViewName("login");
                registry.addViewController("/main.html").setViewName("dashboard");
            }

            //注册拦截器的
            @Override
            public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
                //静态资源: *.css *.js [spring boot已经做好了静态资源映射]
                registry.addInterceptor(new LoginHandlerInterceptor())
                        // /** 拦截任意目录下的所有请求
                        .addPathPatterns("/**").excludePathPatterns("/index.html", "/user/login");
            }
        };
    }

6.5 crud-员工列表

实现要求:

  1. restfulCRUD;crud满足 rest风格
    url:/资源名称/资源标识 ===》http请求方式区分对资源 crud操作
普通CRUD(uri来区分操作) RestfulCRUD
查询 getEmp emp--GET
添加 addEmp?xxx emp-Post
修改 updateEmp?id=xxx&xx=xx emp/{id}---PUT
删除 deleteEmp?id=1 emp/{id}---DELETE
  1. 实验的请求架构:
# 请求url 请求方式
查询所有员工 emps GET
查询某个员工(来到修改页面 epm/ GET
来到添加页面 emp1 GET
添加员工 emp POST
来到修改页面(查询出员工进行信息回显 emp/ GET
修改员工 emp PUT
删除员工 emp/ DELETE
  1. 员工列表

thymeleaf 公共页面元素抽取

thymeleaf 公共页面元素抽取

1. 抽取公共页面
<div th:foragment="copy">
	&copy;2011 the good thymes virtual grocery
</div>

2. 引入公告片段
<div th:insert="~{footer :: copy}"></div>
~{templatename::select} 模板名::选择器
~{templatename::fragmentname} 模板名::片段名
或者
<div th:insert="footer :: copy"></div>

3. 默认效果
insert 的功能片段在 div标签中
如果使用 th:insert 等属性进行引入,可以不用写 ~{}
行内写法可以加上:[[~{}]]  [(~{})]

三种引入片段的 th属性

  1. th:insert 将公共的片段整个插入到声明引入的元素中
  2. th:replace 将声明引入的元素替换为公共片段
  3. th:inlude 将被引入的片段的内容包含进这个标签中
<footer th:fragment="copy">
&copy; 2021 the good thymes virtual grocery
</footer>
 
引入方式
<div th:insert="footer::copy"></div>
<div th:replace="footer::copy"></div>
<div th:include="footer::copy"></div>

效果
<div>
	<footer>
	&copy; 2021 the good thymes virtual grocery
	</footer>
</div>
<footer>  
&copy; 2021 the good thymes virtual grocery
</footer>
<div>
	&copy; 2021 the good thymes virtual grocery
</div>

引入片段的时候传入参数

<div th:fragment="frga(onevar,twovar)">
	<p th:text"${onevar}+'-'+${twovar}">
	</p>
</div>

<div th:replace="::frag(${value1},${value2})"></div>
<div th:replace="::frga(onevar=${value1},twovar=${value2})"></div>
或者
<div th:fragment="frag"></div>

<div th:replace="::frag(onevar=$(value1),twovar=${value2})">  </div>

6.6 curd-员工添加

                <form th:action="@{/emp}" method="post">
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label for="exampleFormControlInput1">Last Name</label>
                        <input name="lastName" type="text" class="form-control" id="exampleFormControlInput1"
                               placeholder="zhangsan">
                    </div>
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label>Email</label>
                        <input name="email" type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="name@example.com">
                    </div>
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label>Gender</label>
                        <div class="form‐check form‐check‐inline">
                            <input class="form‐check‐input" type="radio" name="gender" value="1">
                            <label class="form‐check‐label">男</label>
                        </div>
                        <div class="form‐check form‐check‐inline">
                            <input class="form‐check‐input" type="radio" name="gender" value="0">
                            <label class="form‐check‐label">女</label>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label>department</label>
                        <select multiple class="form-control" name="department.id">
                            <option th:value="${dept.id}" th:each="dept:${depts}"
                                    th:text="${dept.getDepartmentName()}"></option>
                        </select>
                    </div>
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label>Birth</label>
                        <input name="birth" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="yyyy/MM/dd">
                    </div>
                    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">添加</button>
                </form>
  • 提交的数据格式不对:生日,日期【默认没有配是斜线】
    2012-12-21、2012/12/23、2012.12.12
    日期的格式化,springmvc将页面提交的值需要转为指定的类型
    2012-12-12 === date 类型转换,格式化
    默认日期是按照 / 的方式
    WebMvcAutoConfiguration 类中配置了一个类
        @Bean
        @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc", name = "date-format")
        public Formatter<Date> dateFormatter() {
            return new DateFormatter(this.mvcProperties.getDateFormat());
        }
    
    public String getDateFormat() {
        return this.dateFormat;
    }
    /**
     * Date format to use (e.g. dd/MM/yyyy).
     */
    private String dateFormat;
    
  • springboot 的 application.properties文件修改 mvc默认的解析格式
    #直接指定一下 mvc的日期解析格式
    spring.mvc.date-format=yyyy-MM-dd
    

转发原理

//redirect 表示重定向到一个地址,forward 表示转发到一个地址 /代表当前路径
        
原理:ThymeleafViewResolver extends AbstractCachingViewResolver implements Ordered
该类属性
String REDIRECT_URL_PREFIX = "redirect:";
String FORWARD_URL_PREFIX = "forward:";
该类方法
protected View createView(final String viewName, final Locale locale) throws Exception {
    RedirectView view = new RedirectView
}

RedirectView类的该方法
protected void renderMergedOutputModel(Map<String, Object> model, HttpServletRequest request,
        HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
    sendRedirect(request, response, targetUrl, this.http10Compatible);
}

protected void sendRedirect(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
        String targetUrl, boolean http10Compatible) throws IOException {
    response.sendRedirect(encodedURL); //重定向
}

6.7 crud-员工修改

<!DOCTYPE html>
<!-- saved from url=(0052)http://getbootstrap.com/docs/4.0/examples/dashboard/ -->
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">

<head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no">
    <meta name="description" content="">
    <meta name="author" content="">

    <title>Dashboard Template for Bootstrap</title>
    <!-- Bootstrap core CSS -->
    <link href="asserts/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" th:href="@{/webjars/bootstrap/4.0.0/css/bootstrap.css}">

    <!-- Custom styles for this template -->
    <link href="asserts/css/dashboard.css" rel="stylesheet" th:href="@{/asserts/css/dashboard.css}">
    <style type="text/css">
        /* Chart.js */

        @-webkit-keyframes chartjs-render-animation {
            from {
                opacity: 0.99
            }
            to {
                opacity: 1
            }
        }

        @keyframes chartjs-render-animation {
            from {
                opacity: 0.99
            }
            to {
                opacity: 1
            }
        }

        .chartjs-render-monitor {
            -webkit-animation: chartjs-render-animation 0.001s;
            animation: chartjs-render-animation 0.001s;
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
<!--引入抽取的 topbar-->
<!--模版名:会使用 thymeleaf的前后缀配置规则进行解析-->
<div th:replace="commons/bar::topbar"></div>

<div class="container-fluid">
    <div class="row">
        <!--引入侧边栏-->
        <div th:replace="commons/bar::#sidebar(activeUri='emps')"></div>
        <main role="main" class="col-md-9 ml-sm-auto col-lg-10 pt-3 px-4">
            <div class="table-responsive">
                <!--需要区分员工修改还是添加-->

                <form th:action="@{/emp}" method="post">
                    <!--发送put 请求修改数据
                    1. springmvc 配置 HiddenHttpMethodFilter【springboot自动配置好的】
                    2. 页面创建一个 post表单
                    3. 创建一个 input项,name="_method"; 值就是我们指定的请求
                    -->
                    <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="put" th:if="${emp!=null}"/>
                    <input type="hidden" name="id" th:if="${emp!=null}" th:value="${emp.id}">

                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label for="exampleFormControlInput1">Last Name</label>
                        <input name="lastName" type="text" class="form-control" id="exampleFormControlInput1"
                               placeholder="zhangsan" th:value="${emp!=null}?${emp.lastName}">
                    </div>
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label>Email</label>
                        <input name="email" type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="name@example.com"
                               th:value="${emp!=null}?${emp.email}" }>
                    </div>
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label>Gender</label>
                        <div class="form‐check form‐check‐inline">
                            <input class="form‐check‐input" type="radio" name="gender" value="1"
                                   th:checked="${emp!=null}?${emp.gender==1}">
                            <label class="form‐check‐label">男</label>
                        </div>
                        <div class="form‐check form‐check‐inline">
                            <input class="form‐check‐input" type="radio" name="gender" value="0"
                                   th:checked="${emp!=null}?${emp.gender==0}">
                            <label class="form‐check‐label">女</label>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label>department</label>
                        <select multiple class="form-control" name="department.id">
                            <option th:value="${dept.id}" th:each="dept:${depts}"
                                    th:text="${dept.getDepartmentName()}"
                                    th:selected="${emp!=null}?${dept.id==emp.department.id}"></option>
                        </select>
                    </div>
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label>Birth</label>
                        <input th:value="${emp!=null}?${#dates.format(emp.birth,'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm')}" name="birth"
                               type="text"
                               class="form-control"
                               placeholder="yyyy-MM-dd">
                    </div>
                    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" th:text="${emp!=null}?'修改':'添加'">添加</button>
                </form>

            </div>
        </main>
    </div>
</div>

<!-- Bootstrap core JavaScript
================================================== -->
<!-- Placed at the end of the document so the pages load faster -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="asserts/js/jquery-3.2.1.slim.min.js"
        th:src="@{/asserts/js/jquery-3.2.1.slim.min.js}"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="asserts/js/popper.min.js" th:src="@{/asserts/js/popper.min.js}"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="asserts/js/bootstrap.min.js" th:src="@{asserts/js/bootstrap.min.js/}"></script>

<!-- Icons -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="asserts/js/feather.min.js" th:src="@{/asserts/js/feather.min.js}"></script>
<script>
    feather.replace()
</script>

<!-- Graphs -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="asserts/js/Chart.min.js" th:src="@{/asserts/js/Chart.min.js}"></script>
<script>
    var ctx = document.getElementById("myChart");
    var myChart = new Chart(ctx, {
        type: 'line',
        data: {
            labels: ["Sunday", "Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday"],
            datasets: [{
                data: [15339, 21345, 18483, 24003, 23489, 24092, 12034],
                lineTension: 0,
                backgroundColor: 'transparent',
                borderColor: '#007bff',
                borderWidth: 4,
                pointBackgroundColor: '#007bff'
            }]
        },
        options: {
            scales: {
                yAxes: [{
                    ticks: {
                        beginAtZero: false
                    }
                }]
            },
            legend: {
                display: false,
            }
        }
    });
</script>
</body>
</html>

6.8 crud-员工删除

  • 示例
<form action="subsccribe.html" th:attr="action=@{/subscribe}">
	<inplut type="text" name="email"/>
	<inplut type="submit" value="Subscribe!" th:attr="value=#{subscribe.submit}"/>
</form>
  • 代码
<!--这样写页面表单显示别扭 【升级】-->
<!--<form th:action="@{/emp/}+${emp.id}" method="post">
	<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="delete">
	<button class="btn btn-sm btn-danger" type="submit">删除</button>
</form>-->
<!--【升级】-->
<button th:attr="del_uri=@{/emp/}+${emp.id}" class="btn btn-sm btn-danger deleteBtn">删除
</button>
<script>
    $(".deleteBtn").click(function () {
        //删除当前员工
        let attr = $(this).attr("del_uri"); //获取当前自定义属性名值
        $("#deleteEmpForm").attr("action", attr).submit();
    })
</script>

7. 错误处理机制

7.1 spring boot默认的错误处理机制

  • 默认效果

    1. 【浏览器】返回一个默认的错误页面
      image
      浏览器发送的请求的请求头
      image
    2. 如果是其他客户端,默认响应一个 json数据
      image
      image
  • 原理:可以参照 ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration,错误处理的自动配置

DefaultErrorAttributes 
    帮我们在页面共享信息 【timestamp、status、error、exception、message、errors】
    @Override
    public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(
            RequestAttributes requestAttributes,
            boolean includeStackTrace) {
        Map<String, Object> errorAttributes = new LinkedHashMap<String, Object>();
        errorAttributes.put("timestamp", new Date());
        addStatus(errorAttributes, requestAttributes);
        addErrorDetails(errorAttributes, requestAttributes, includeStackTrace);
        addPath(errorAttributes, requestAttributes);
        return errorAttributes;
    }

BasicErrorController  处理默认的 /error 请求
    @RequestMapping("${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}")
    public class BasicErrorController extends AbstractErrorController
    
    //这个方法是自适应的 既可以处理 html和json
    @RequestMapping(produces = "text/html")  产生 html类型的数据;浏览器发送的请求来到这个方法处理
    public ModelAndView errorHtml(
            HttpServletRequest request,
            HttpServletResponse response) {
        //获取请求中的状态码 
        HttpStatus status = this.getStatus(request);
        Map<String, Object> model = Collections.unmodifiableMap(getErrorAttributes(
                request, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML)));
        response.setStatus(status.value());
        // 去哪个页面作为错误页面;包含页面地址和页面内容
        ModelAndView modelAndView = resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model);
        return (modelAndView == null ? new ModelAndView("error", model) : modelAndView);
    }
    //获取请求中的状态码
    protected HttpStatus getStatus(HttpServletRequest request) {
        Integer statusCode = (Integer)request.getAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code");
        if (statusCode == null) {
            return HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR;
        } else {
            try {
                return HttpStatus.valueOf(statusCode);
            } catch (Exception var4) {
                return HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR;
            }
        }
    }

    @RequestMapping
    @ResponseBody 产生的是 json的数据;其他客户端来到这个方法处理
    public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> error(HttpServletRequest request) {
        Map<String, Object> body = getErrorAttributes(request,
            isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.ALL));
        HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
        return new ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>>(body, status);
    }
    //resolveErrorView 包含的内容【响应的页面】,去哪个页面是由 DefaultErrorViewResolver解析得到的。
    protected ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request,
            HttpServletResponse response, HttpStatus status, Map<String, Object> model) {
        //得到所有的  ModelAndView 异常视图解析器得到 modelAndView
        for (ErrorViewResolver resolver : this.errorViewResolvers) {
            ModelAndView modelAndView = resolver.resolveErrorView(request, status, model);
            if (modelAndView != null) {
                return modelAndView;
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

ErrorPageCustomizer 错误的定制页面
    @Override
    public void registerErrorPages(ErrorPageRegistry errorPageRegistry) {
        ErrorPage errorPage = new ErrorPage(this.properties.getServletPrefix()
                + this.properties.getError().getPath());
        errorPageRegistry.addErrorPages(errorPage);
    }
    @Value("${error.path:/error}")
    private String path = "/error"; 系统出现错误以后来到 error请求处理【web.xml注册的错误页面规则】
    

DefaultErrorViewResolver 客户端 4xx错误,服务端 5xx
    @Override
    public ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request, HttpStatus status,
            Map<String, Object> model) {
        ModelAndView modelAndView = resolve(String.valueOf(status), model);
        if (modelAndView == null && SERIES_VIEWS.containsKey(status.series())) {
            modelAndView = resolve(SERIES_VIEWS.get(status.series()), model);
        }
        return modelAndView;
    }

    private ModelAndView resolve(String viewName, Map<String, Object> model) {
        //默认 springboot可以去找到一个页面? error/404
        String errorViewName = "error/" + viewName;
        // 如果模板引擎可以解析这个地址就用模板引擎解析
        TemplateAvailabilityProvider provider = this.templateAvailabilityProviders
                .getProvider(errorViewName, this.applicationContext);
        if (provider != null) {
            //模板引擎可用的情况下返回到 errorViewName指定的视图地址
            return new ModelAndView(errorViewName, model);
        }
        //模板引擎不可以的情况下调用这个方法,
        return resolveResource(errorViewName, model);
    }

    private ModelAndView resolveResource(String viewName, Map<String, Object> model) {
        for (String location : this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations()) {
            //在静态资源资源文件下找 errorViewName对应的页面 error/404.html
            try {
                Resource resource = this.applicationContext.getResource(location);
                resource = resource.createRelative(viewName + ".html");
                //如果静态资源有东西就返回这个否则返回null
                if (resource.exists()) {
                    return new ModelAndView(new HtmlResourceView(resource), model);
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex) {
            }
        }
        return null;
    }
    //错误页面可以获得的数据
    @Override
    public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes,
        boolean includeStackTrace) {
        Map<String, Object> errorAttributes = new LinkedHashMap<String, Object>();
        errorAttributes.put("timestamp", new Date());
        addStatus(errorAttributes, requestAttributes);
        addErrorDetails(errorAttributes, requestAttributes, includeStackTrace);
        addPath(errorAttributes, requestAttributes);
        return errorAttributes;
    }

步骤:
1. 一但系统出现 4xx或者 5xx之类的错误,ErrorPageCustomizer就会生效(定制错误的响应规则), 就会来到 /error 请求;就会被 BasicErrorController处理。
2. 响应页面;去哪个页面是由 DefaultErrorViewResolver 解析得到的

7.2 如果定制错误响应

一. 如何定制错误页面

  1. 有模板引擎的情况下:error/状态码;【将错误的页面命名为 错误状态码.html 放在模板引擎下的 error文件夹下】,发生此状态码的错误就会来到对应的页面。
    我们可用使用 4xx和 5xx作为此错误页面的文件名来匹配这种类型的所有错误,精确优先【优先寻找精确的状态码.html】
    页面能获取的信息:
    • timestamp:时间戳
    • status:状态码
    • error:错误提示
    • exception:异常消息
    • message:异常信息
    • errors: jsr303 数据校验的错误都在这里
    1. 没有模板引擎(模板引擎找不到这个错误页面),静态资源(resources/static)文件夹下找
    2. 以上都没有错误页面,就是默认来到 spring boot默认的错误提示页面

二. 如何定制错误的 json数据

  1. 自定义异常处理与返回定制 json数据
    /**
     * @create 2021-10-30 22:00
     * 自定义异常处理器
     */
    @ControllerAdvice
    public class MyExceptionHandler {
        //浏览器客户端返回的都是 json数据
        @ResponseBody 
        @ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class)
        public Map<String, Object> handleException(Exception e) {
            HashMap<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
            map.put("code", "user.notexist");
            map.put("message", e.getMessage());
            return map;
        }
    }
    //没有自适应效果。。。
    
  2. 转发到 error进行自适应效果处理
    /**
     * @author shkstart
     * @create 2021-10-30 22:00
     * 自定义异常处理器
     */
    @ControllerAdvice
    public class MyExceptionHandler {
        @ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class)
        public String handleException(Exception e, HttpServletRequest request) {
            HashMap<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
            //传入自己的状态码 4xx 5xx,否则就不会进入定制的错误页面的解析流程
            /*
             * BasicErrorController.errorHtml() (返回ModelAndView)方法调用了
             * AbstractErrorController.getStatus() 方法获取 HttpStatus。
             * 我们可以自定义来定义 status_code变量并返回
             *
             * Integer statusCode = (Integer)request.getAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code");
             * */
            request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code", 420);
            map.put("code", "user.notexist");
            map.put("message", e.getMessage());
            //把我们定义的其他信息放进 request域中,在我们自定义的 ErrorAttribute进加入
            request.setAttribute("ext", map);
            return "forward:/error";
        }
    }
    

image

三.将我们定制数据携带出去

  • 出现错误以后,会来到 /error 请去,会被 BasicErrorController处理,响应出去可以获取的数据是由 getErrorAttribute得到的(是AbstractErrorController(BasicErrorController的父类)【ErrorController】规定的方法
BasicErrorController extends AbstractErrorController
AbstractErrorController implements ErrorController

ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration 类中
    @Bean
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = ErrorController.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
    public BasicErrorController basicErrorController(ErrorAttributes errorAttributes) {
        return new BasicErrorController(errorAttributes, this.serverProperties.getError(),
                this.errorViewResolvers);
    }
    @Bean
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = ErrorAttributes.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
    public DefaultErrorAttributes errorAttributes() {
        return new DefaultErrorAttributes();
    }
  1. 完全来编写一个 ErrorController的实现类,【或者编写 AbstractErrorController的子类】放在容器中
  2. 页面上能用的数据,或者是 json返回能用的数据都是通过 errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes 得到。
    容器中 DefaultErrorAttributes.getErrorAttributes();默认进行数据处理的。
    所以我们自定义 ErrorAttributes 继承DefaultErrorAttributes重写 getErrorAttributes()方法。
    /**
     * @author shkstart
     * @create 2021-10-31 17:21
     * 给容器中加入我们字节的ErrorAttributes
     */
    @Component
    public class MyErrorAttributes extends DefaultErrorAttributes {
        @Override
        public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes, boolean includeStackTrace) {
            Map<String, Object> map = super.getErrorAttributes(requestAttributes, includeStackTrace);
            //给容器中添加自定义的数据:公司表示
            map.put("company", "cainiao");
            return map;
        }
    }
    
    image
  • 最终的效果:响应是自适应的,可以通过定制 ErrorAttributes改变需要返回的内容。
    image
    image
    image
    image

8. 配置嵌入式 servlet容器

  • SpringBoot默认使用 Tomcat作为嵌入式的 Servlet容器
    image
  • 问题?

8.1 如何定制和修改 servlet容器的相关配置

  • 如何定制和修改 Servlet容器的相关配置
    • 修改和 server有相关的配置【ServerProperties也是 implement EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer】
      server.prot=8081
      server.context-path=/crud
      server.tomcat.uri-encoding=utf-8
      
      #通用的 servlet容器设置
      server.xxx
      #tomcat的设置
      server.tomcat.xxx
      
    • 编写一个 EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer:嵌入式的 servlet容器定制器,来修改Servlet容器的配置
      @Bean
      public EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer embeddedServletContainerCustomizer() {
          //定制嵌入式的 servlet容器相关的规则
          return new EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer() {
              @Override
              public void customize(ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer container) {
                  container.setPort(8083);
              }
          };
      }
      

8.2 注册 servlet三大组件【servlet,filter,listener】

  • 参考1 参考2
  • 由于 springboot默认是以 jar包的方式启动嵌入式的 servlet容器来启动 spring boot的文本应用,没有 web.xml文件
  • 注册三大组件使用 注解方式 @ServletComponentScan("包名路径")
  • 注册三大组件用以下方式配置类方法
    • ServletRegistrationBean
      @Bean
      public ServletRegistrationBean myServlet() {
          ServletRegistrationBean registrationBean =
                  new ServletRegistrationBean(new MyServlet(), "/myServlet");
          registrationBean.setLoadOnStartup(1);
          return registrationBean;
      }
      
    • FilterRegistrationBean
      @Bean
      public FilterRegistrationBean myFilter() {
          FilterRegistrationBean registrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean();
          registrationBean.setFilter(new MyFilter());
          registrationBean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/hello", "/myServlet"));
          return registrationBean;
      }
      
    • ServletListenerRegistrationBean
      @Bean
      public ServletListenerRegistrationBean myListener() {
          return new ServletListenerRegistrationBean<MyListener>(new MyListener());
      }
      
  • spring boot帮我们自动配置 springmvc的时候,自动的注册 springmvc的的前端控制器;DispatcherServlet
        @Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME)
        @ConditionalOnBean(value = DispatcherServlet.class, name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME)
        public ServletRegistrationBean dispatcherServletRegistration(
                DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet) {
            ServletRegistrationBean registration = new ServletRegistrationBean(
                    dispatcherServlet, this.serverProperties.getServletMapping());
            //默认拦截 / 所有请求;包括静态资源,但是不会拦截 jsp请求, /* 会拦截 jsp
            //可以通过 server.servletPath来修改 springmvc前端控制器默认拦截的请求路径
            registration.setName(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME);
            registration.setLoadOnStartup(
                    this.webMvcProperties.getServlet().getLoadOnStartup());
            if (this.multipartConfig != null) {
                registration.setMultipartConfig(this.multipartConfig);
            }
            return registration;
        }
    

8.3 替换为其他嵌入式 servlet容器

image

  • 默认支持:tomcat(默认) , jetty(长连接 web聊天) , undertow(不支持jsp,并发性能好)
        <!--引入web模块 spring-boot-starter :springboot场景启动器,帮我们导入了web模块正常运行所依赖的 jar包-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
        <!--引入其他的 servlet容器 jetty-->
        <dependency>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        </dependency>
    

8.4 嵌入式 servlet容器自动配置原理

  • EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration,嵌入式的 servlet容器自动配置
@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnWebApplication
@Import(BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar.class)
// 导入 BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar :后置处理器的注册器(spring注解版)
//给容器中导入组件,导入了 EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor
//后置处理器:bean初始化前(创建完对象,还没赋值)执行初始化工作。
public class EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration {
    @Configuration
    @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Tomcat.class })//判断当前是否引入了 tomcat依赖
    //判断当前容器没有用户直接定义 EmbeddedServletContainerFactory;嵌入式的 servlet容器工厂,作用:创建嵌入式的 servlet容器
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)//
    public static class EmbeddedTomcat {

        @Bean
        public TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory tomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
            return new TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
        }

    }
}

#EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration 类中 原理
    /**
    * Nested configuration if Tomcat is being used.
    */
    @Configuration
    @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Tomcat.class })
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
	public static class EmbeddedTomcat {

        @Bean
        public TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory tomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
            return new TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
        }

    }

    /**
    * Nested configuration if Jetty is being used.
    */
    @Configuration
    @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Server.class, Loader.class,
        WebAppContext.class })
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
    public static class EmbeddedJetty {

        @Bean
        public JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory jettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
            return new JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
        }

    }

    /**
    * Nested configuration if Undertow is being used.
    */
    @Configuration
    @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Undertow.class, SslClientAuthMode.class })
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
    public static class EmbeddedUndertow {

        @Bean
        public UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory undertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
            return new UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
        }

    }
  1. EmbeddedServletContainerFactory 嵌入式 Servlet 容器工厂,
public interface EmbeddedServletContainerFactory {
    //获取嵌入式的 servlet容器
    EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer(
            ServletContextInitializer... initializers);
}

image
2. EmbeddedServletContainer 嵌入式的 servlet容器
image
3. 以 TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory tomcat工厂类中的这个重写的方法

    @Override
    public EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer(
            ServletContextInitializer... initializers) {
        // 创建一个 tomcat
        Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
        // 配置 tomcat的基本环节
        File baseDir = (this.baseDirectory != null ? this.baseDirectory
                : createTempDir("tomcat"));
        tomcat.setBaseDir(baseDir.getAbsolutePath());
        Connector connector = new Connector(this.protocol);
        tomcat.getService().addConnector(connector);
        customizeConnector(connector);
        tomcat.setConnector(connector);
        tomcat.getHost().setAutoDeploy(false);
        configureEngine(tomcat.getEngine());
        for (Connector additionalConnector : this.additionalTomcatConnectors) {
            tomcat.getService().addConnector(additionalConnector);
        }
        prepareContext(tomcat.getHost(), initializers);
        // 将配置好的 tomcat传入进去,返回一个 EmbeddedServletContainer;并且启动 tomcat服务器
        return getTomcatEmbeddedServletContainer(tomcat);
    }
  1. 我们对嵌入式容器的配置修改是怎么生效的?
# application.properties 文件
ServerProperties 该文件、EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer 嵌入式ServletContainer编辑器

EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer:定制器帮我们修改了 servlet容器的配置?怎么修改?
5. 容器中导入了 EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor

EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor 类中
    //初始化之前
    @Override
    public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName)
            throws BeansException {
        //如果当初初始化的是一个 ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer类型组件
        //就调该方法
        if (bean instanceof ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) {
            postProcessBeforeInitialization((ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) bean);
        }
        return bean;
    }

    private void postProcessBeforeInitialization(
            ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer bean) {
        //获取所有的定制器,调用每一个定制器的 customize方法
        //给每一个属性赋值(端口号、访问路径)
        for (EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer customizer : getCustomizers()) {
            //getCustomizers 拿到所有的定制器
            customizer.customize(bean);
        }
    }

    private Collection<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer> getCustomizers() {
        if (this.customizers == null) {
            // Look up does not include the parent context
            //从 ioc容器中获取嵌入式容器的组件
            this.customizers = new ArrayList<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer>(
                    this.beanFactory
                        //从容器中获取所有该类型的组件
                        //EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer
                        //定制 servlet容器,给容器中添加一个
                        //EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer类型的组件
                            .getBeansOfType(EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer.class,
                                false, false)
                            .values());
            Collections.sort(this.customizers, AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.INSTANCE);
            this.customizers = Collections.unmodifiableList(this.customizers);
        }
        return this.customizers;
    }
//ServerProperties 也是定制器

image
image
总结

  1. springboot根据导入的依赖情况,给容器中添加响应的 EmbeddedServletContainerFactory【TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory】
  2. 容器中某个组件要创建对象就会惊动后置处理器;
    EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor
    image
    只要是嵌入式的 Servlet容器工厂,后置处理处理器就可以工作了
  3. 后置处理器,从容器中获取所有的 EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer(嵌入式servlet容器定制器)调用定制器的定制方法。

8.5 嵌入式 servlet容器启动原理

  • 声明时候创建嵌入式的 Servlet容器工厂?什么时候获取嵌入式的 Servlet容器并启动 Tocmat
  1. 获取 spring boot应用启动运行 run()方法
    image

  2. refreshContext(context); spring boot属性 ioc容器【创建 ioc容器对象并初始化容器中的每一个组件】
    如果是 web应用创建:AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext,否则:AnnotationConfigApplicationContext
    image

  3. refresh(context); 刷新刚才创建号的 ioc容器
    image

    @Override
    public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
        synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
            // Prepare this context for refreshing.
            prepareRefresh();
    
            // Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.
            ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();
    
            // Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.
            prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);
    
            try {
                // Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.
                postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);
    
                // Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.
                invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);
    
                // Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.
                registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);
    
                // Initialize message source for this context.
                initMessageSource();
    
                // Initialize event multicaster for this context.
                initApplicationEventMulticaster();
    
                // Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.
                onRefresh();
    
                // Check for listener beans and register them.
                registerListeners();
    
                // Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
                finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);
    
                // Last step: publish corresponding event.
                finishRefresh();
            }
    
            catch (BeansException ex) {
                if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
                    logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - " +
                            "cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex);
                }
    
                // Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.
                destroyBeans();
    
                // Reset 'active' flag.
                cancelRefresh(ex);
    
                // Propagate exception to caller.
                throw ex;
            }
    
            finally {
                // Reset common introspection caches in Spring's core, since we
                // might not ever need metadata for singleton beans anymore...
                resetCommonCaches();
            }
        }
    }
    
  4. onRefresh(); web的ioc容器 重写 onRefresh()方法

  5. web ioc容器会创建嵌入式的 servlet容器:createEmbeddedServletContainer();

  6. 获取嵌入式的 servlet容器工厂
    EmbeddedServletContainerFactory containerFactory = getEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
    从 ioc容器中获取 EmbeddedServletContainerFactory组件
    TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory 创建对象,惊动了后置处理器,后置处理器获取所有的定制器对象来获取定制 servlet容器的相关配置。

  7. 使用容器工程获取嵌入式的 servlet容器
    this.embeddedServletContainer = containerFactory
    .getEmbeddedServletContainer(getSelfInitializer());

  8. 嵌入式的 servlet容器创建对象并启动 servlet容器
    先启动嵌入式的 servlet容器,在将 ioc容器中剩下没有创建出的对象获取出来
    ioc容器启动创建嵌入式的 servlet容器

9. 使用外置的 servlet容器

  • 嵌入式 servlet容器
    优点:简单,便携
    缺点:默认不支持 jsp,优化定制比较复杂【使用定制器 ServerProperties,自定义 EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer】,自己编写 servlet容器工厂【EmbeddedServletContainerFacotry】
  • 外置的 servlet容器:外面安装 tomcat--应用war包的方式打包。

9.1 步骤

  1. 必须创建一个 war项目
  2. 将嵌入式的 tomcat指定为 provided
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
    
  3. 必须编写一个 SpringBootServletInitializer 的子类,并调用 configure方法
    public class ServletInitializer extends SpringBootServletInitializer{
        @Override
        protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application){
            //传入spring boot主程序
            return application.sources(SpringBoot04WebJspApplication.class);
        }
    }
    
  4. 启动服务器就可以使用了

9.2 原理

jar包:执行 SpringBoot 主内的 main方法,启动 ioc容器,创建嵌入式的 servlet容器
war包:启动服务器,服务器启动 springboot应用,启动ioc容器。

  • 在 servlet3.0 的时候定义了一个规范
    在 servlet3.0 pdf文件中的 8.2.4 章节 Shared libraries / runtimes pluggability
    规则:
    1. 服务器【web应用启动】会创建当前 web应用里面每一个 jar包里面 ServletContainerinitializer实例
    2. ServletContainerinitializer 的实现的 jar包妨碍 META-INF/services文件夹下,有一个名为 javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer,内容就是 ServletContainerinitializer的实现类的全类名。
    3. 还可以使用 @HandlesTypes 注解,作用就是:在应用启动的时候加载我们感性的类。
      流程
  1. 启动 tomcat

  2. 在 spring的 web模块里面有这个文件
    spring-web-4.3.13.RELEASE.jar!\META-INF\services\javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer
    image

  3. SpringServletContainerInitializer 将 @HandlesTypes(WebApplicationInitializer.class)这个类型的类传入到 onStartup方法的 Set《Class《?》》为这些 WebApplicationInitializer类型的类创建对象,

  4. 每一个 WebApplicationInitializer都调用直接的 onStartup方法
    image

  5. 相当于我们的 SpringBootServletInitializer的类会被创建对象,并执行 onStartup方法并执行

  6. SpringBootServletInitializer实例执行 onStartup 的时候会 createRootApplicationContext;创建容器

    protected WebApplicationContext createRootApplicationContext(
            ServletContext servletContext) {
        //1. 创建 SpringApplicationBuilder构建器
        SpringApplicationBuilder builder = createSpringApplicationBuilder();
        StandardServletEnvironment environment = new StandardServletEnvironment();
        environment.initPropertySources(servletContext, null);
        builder.environment(environment);
        builder.main(getClass());
        ApplicationContext parent = getExistingRootWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
        if (parent != null) {
            this.logger.info("Root context already created (using as parent).");
            servletContext.setAttribute(
                    WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, null);
            builder.initializers(new ParentContextApplicationContextInitializer(parent));
        }
        builder.initializers(
                new ServletContextApplicationContextInitializer(servletContext));
        builder.contextClass(AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext.class);
        //调用 configure方法,子类重写了这个方法,传入spring boot主类的主程序
        builder = configure(builder);
        //使用 builder 创建一个spring应用
        SpringApplication application = builder.build();
        if (application.getSources().isEmpty() && AnnotationUtils
                .findAnnotation(getClass(), Configuration.class) != null) {
            application.getSources().add(getClass());
        }
        Assert.state(!application.getSources().isEmpty(),
                "No SpringApplication sources have been defined. Either override the "
                    + "configure method or add an @Configuration annotation");
        // Ensure error pages are registered
        if (this.registerErrorPageFilter) {
            application.getSources().add(ErrorPageFilterConfiguration.class);
        }
        //启动 spring
        return run(application);
    }
    
  7. spring的应用就启动了并创建 ioc容器

    public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
        StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
        stopWatch.start();
        ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
        FailureAnalyzers analyzers = null;
        configureHeadlessProperty();
        SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
        listeners.starting();
        try {
        ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(
                    args);
            ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners,
                    applicationArguments);
            Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
            context = createApplicationContext();
            analyzers = new FailureAnalyzers(context);
            prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments,
                    printedBanner);
            
            // 刷新 ioc容器
            refreshContext(context);
            afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
            listeners.finished(context, null);
            stopWatch.stop();
            if (this.logStartupInfo) {
                new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass)
                        .logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
            }
            return context;
        }
        catch (Throwable ex) {
            handleRunFailure(context, listeners, analyzers, ex);
            throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
        }
    }
    

先是启动 servlet容器,在启动 springboot应用

10. 项目使用 jsp页面

10.1 pom

<!-- 添加servlet依赖模块 -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
    <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 添加jstl标签库依赖模块 -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
    <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--添加tomcat依赖模块.-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 使用jsp引擎,springboot内置tomcat没有此依赖 -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-embed-jasper</artifactId>
</dependency>

10.2 项目添加 web模块

image

  • 快捷键:Ctrl + Shift + Alt + S 打开 Project structure(项目模块)
    image
    image

10.3 配置文件

# 视图解析器的前缀
spring.mvc.view.prefix=/
# 视图解析器的后缀
spring.mvc.view.suffix=.jsp

10.4 项目启动

a 修改环境启动

  • $MODULE_WORKING_DIR$
    image
  • 启动 主程序

b maven 插件启动

  • 插件启动不需要配置
    image
posted @ 2021-10-22 14:48  MikiKawai  阅读(77)  评论(1编辑  收藏  举报