客户端向服务器发起http远程调用的几种方法
一、使用HttpClient发起远程http接口调用
1、引入maven依赖如下：
1 <dependency> 2 <groupId>commons-httpclient</groupId> 3 <artifactId>commons-httpclient</artifactId> 4 <version>3.1</version> 5 </dependency>
2、发送GET、POST、PUT、DELETE请求(application/jso格式)
1 package com.java.example.utils; 2 3 import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; 4 import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient; 5 import org.apache.commons.httpclient.NameValuePair; 6 import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PostMethod; 7 import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PutMethod; 8 import org.apache.http.HttpEntity; 9 import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException; 10 import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig; 11 import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse; 12 import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpDelete; 13 import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost; 14 import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPut; 15 import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity; 16 import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient; 17 import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients; 18 import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils; 19 20 import java.io.BufferedReader; 21 import java.io.IOException; 22 import java.io.InputStreamReader; 23 import java.util.List; 24 import java.util.Map; 25 26 27 @Slf4j 28 public class HttpClientUtil { 29 30 /** 31 * 发送GET请求,application/x-www-form-urlencoded格式 32 */ 33 public static String sendGet(String url, Map<String, String> parameters) { 34 String result = ""; 35 BufferedReader in = null;// 读取响应输入流 36 StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();// 存储参数 37 String params = "";// 编码之后的参数 38 try { 39 // 编码请求参数 40 if (parameters.size() == 1) { 41 for (String name : parameters.keySet()) { 42 sb.append(name).append("=").append( 43 java.net.URLEncoder.encode(parameters.get(name), 44 "UTF-8")); 45 } 46 params = sb.toString(); 47 } else { 48 for (String name : parameters.keySet()) { 49 sb.append(name).append("=").append( 50 java.net.URLEncoder.encode(parameters.get(name), 51 "UTF-8")).append("&"); 52 } 53 String temp_params = sb.toString(); 54 params = temp_params.substring(0, temp_params.length() - 1); 55 } 56 String full_url = url + "?" + params; 57 // 创建URL对象 58 java.net.URL connURL = new java.net.URL(full_url); 59 // 打开URL连接 60 java.net.HttpURLConnection httpConn = (java.net.HttpURLConnection) connURL 61 .openConnection(); 62 // 设置通用属性 63 httpConn.setRequestProperty("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); 64 httpConn.setRequestProperty("Accept", "*/*"); 65 httpConn.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive"); 66 httpConn.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1)"); 67 // 建立实际的连接 68 httpConn.connect(); 69 // 响应头部获取 70 Map<String, List<String>> headers = httpConn.getHeaderFields(); 71 // 遍历所有的响应头字段 72 for (String key : headers.keySet()) { 73 System.out.println(key + "\t：\t" + headers.get(key)); 74 } 75 // 定义BufferedReader输入流来读取URL的响应,并设置编码方式 76 in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(httpConn 77 .getInputStream(), "UTF-8")); 78 String line; 79 // 读取返回的内容 80 while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) { 81 result += line; 82 } 83 } catch (Exception e) { 84 log.info("HttpClientUtil sendGet exception.message=[{}]", e.getMessage()); 85 throw new RuntimeException("message=[{}],cause=[{}]"+e.getMessage(),e.getCause()); 86 } 87 return result; 88 } 89 90 /** 91 * 发送POST请求，application/x-www-form-urlencoded 92 */ 93 public static String sendPost(String url, Map<String, String> requestHeaders, Map<String, String> requestBody) { 94 try { 95 PostMethod postMethod = new PostMethod(url); 96 postMethod.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=utf-8"); 97 for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : requestHeaders.entrySet()) { 98 postMethod.setRequestHeader(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()); 99 } 100 //参数设不能传NULL，可以传传空字符串 101 NameValuePair[] data = new NameValuePair[requestBody.size()]; 102 int i = 0; 103 for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : requestBody.entrySet()) { 104 data[i] = new NameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()); 105 i++; 106 } 107 postMethod.setRequestBody(data); 108 109 org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient httpClient = new org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient(); 110 int response = httpClient.executeMethod(postMethod); // 执行POST方法 111 String result = postMethod.getResponseBodyAsString(); 112 113 return result; 114 } catch (Exception e) { 115 throw new RuntimeException("message=[{}],cause=[{}]"+e.getMessage(),e.getCause()); 116 } 117 } 118 119 /** 120 * 发送PUT请求，application/x-www-form-urlencoded 121 */ 122 public static String sendPut(String url, Map<String, String> requestHeaders, Map<String, String> requestBody) { 123 try { 124 PutMethod putMethod = new PutMethod(url); 125 putMethod.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=utf-8"); 126 for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : requestHeaders.entrySet()) { 127 putMethod.setRequestHeader(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()); 128 } 129 //参数设不能传NULL，可以传传空字符串 130 NameValuePair[] data = new NameValuePair[requestBody.size()]; 131 int i = 0; 132 for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : requestBody.entrySet()) { 133 data[i] = new NameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()); 134 i++; 135 } 136 putMethod.setQueryString(data); 137 org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient httpClient = new org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient(); 138 int response = httpClient.executeMethod(putMethod); // 执行PUT方法 139 String result = putMethod.getResponseBodyAsString(); 140 141 return result; 142 } catch (Exception e) { 143 log.info("HttpClientUtil sendGet exception.message=[{}]", e.getMessage()); 144 throw new RuntimeException("message=[{}],cause=[{}]"+e.getMessage(),e.getCause()); 145 } 146 } 147 148 /** 149 * 原生字符串发送put请求，application/x-www-form-urlencoded 150 */ 151 public static String doPut(String url, String jsonStr, Map<String, String> requestHeaders) { 152 153 CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault(); 154 HttpPut httpPut = new HttpPut(url); 155 RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectTimeout(35000).setConnectionRequestTimeout(35000).setSocketTimeout(60000).build(); 156 httpPut.setConfig(requestConfig); 157 httpPut.setHeader("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=utf-8"); 158 httpPut.setHeader("DataEncoding", "UTF-8"); 159 if (!requestHeaders.isEmpty()) { 160 for (Map.Entry entry : requestHeaders.entrySet()) { 161 httpPut.setHeader(String.valueOf(entry.getKey()), String.valueOf(entry.getValue())); 162 } 163 } 164 CloseableHttpResponse httpResponse = null; 165 try { 166 httpPut.setEntity(new StringEntity(jsonStr)); 167 httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpPut); 168 HttpEntity entity = httpResponse.getEntity(); 169 String result = EntityUtils.toString(entity); 170 return result; 171 } catch (ClientProtocolException e) { 172 log.info("HttpClientUtil doPut exception.message=[{}]", e.getMessage()); 173 throw new RuntimeException("message=[{}],cause=[{}]"+e.getMessage(),e.getCause()); 174 } catch (IOException e) { 175 log.info("HttpClientUtil doPut exception.message={}" + e.getMessage()); 176 throw new RuntimeException("message=[{}],cause=[{}]"+e.getMessage(),e.getCause()); 177 } 178 } 179 180 /** 181 * 发送delete请求，application/x-www-form-urlencoded 182 */ 183 public static String doDelete(String url, Map<String, String> requestHeaders) { 184 185 CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault(); 186 HttpDelete httpDelete = new HttpDelete(url); 187 RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectTimeout(35000).setConnectionRequestTimeout(35000).setSocketTimeout(60000).build(); 188 httpDelete.setConfig(requestConfig); 189 httpDelete.setHeader("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); 190 httpDelete.setHeader("DataEncoding", "UTF-8"); 191 if (!requestHeaders.isEmpty()) { 192 for (Map.Entry entry : requestHeaders.entrySet()) { 193 httpDelete.setHeader(String.valueOf(entry.getKey()), String.valueOf(entry.getValue())); 194 } 195 } 196 197 CloseableHttpResponse httpResponse = null; 198 try { 199 httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpDelete); 200 HttpEntity entity = httpResponse.getEntity(); 201 String result = EntityUtils.toString(entity); 202 return result; 203 } catch (ClientProtocolException e) { 204 throw new RuntimeException("message=[{}],cause=[{}]"+e.getMessage(),e.getCause()); 205 } catch (IOException e) { 206 throw new RuntimeException("message=[{}],cause=[{}]"+e.getMessage(),e.getCause()); 207 } 208 } 209 210 /** 211 * 原生字符串发送post请求，application/x-www-form-urlencoded 212 */ 213 public static String doPost(String url, String requestParams, Map<String, String> requestHeaders) { 214 215 CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault(); 216 HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url); 217 RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectTimeout(35000).setConnectionRequestTimeout(35000).setSocketTimeout(60000).build(); 218 httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig); 219 httpPost.setHeader("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); 220 httpPost.setHeader("DataEncoding", "UTF-8"); 221 if (!requestHeaders.isEmpty()) { 222 for (Map.Entry entry : requestHeaders.entrySet()) { 223 httpPost.setHeader(String.valueOf(entry.getKey()), String.valueOf(entry.getValue())); 224 } 225 } 226 CloseableHttpResponse httpResponse = null; 227 try { 228 String requestBody = EntityUtils.toString(new StringEntity(requestParams)); 229 log.info("entity = [{}]", requestBody); 230 httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(requestParams)); 231 232 httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpPost); 233 HttpEntity entity = httpResponse.getEntity(); 234 String result = EntityUtils.toString(entity); 235 return result; 236 } catch (ClientProtocolException e) { 237 throw new RuntimeException("message=[{}],cause=[{}]"+e.getMessage(),e.getCause()); 238 } catch (IOException e) { 239 throw new RuntimeException("message=[{}],cause=[{}]"+e.getMessage(),e.getCause()); 240 } 241 } 242 243 /** 244 * json格式专用POST请求，application/json;charset=utf-8格式 245 */ 246 public static String doPostForJson(String url, String requestParams, Map<String, String> requestHeaders) { 247 248 CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault(); 249 HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url); 250 RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectTimeout(35000).setConnectionRequestTimeout(35000).setSocketTimeout(60000).build(); 251 httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig); 252 httpPost.setHeader("Content-type", "application/json;charset=utf-8"); 253 httpPost.setHeader("DataEncoding", "UTF-8"); 254 if (!requestHeaders.isEmpty()) { 255 for (Map.Entry entry : requestHeaders.entrySet()) { 256 httpPost.setHeader(String.valueOf(entry.getKey()), String.valueOf(entry.getValue())); 257 } 258 } 259 CloseableHttpResponse httpResponse = null; 260 try { 261 String requestBody = EntityUtils.toString(new StringEntity(requestParams)); 262 log.info("entity = [{}]", requestBody); 263 httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(requestParams)); 264 265 httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpPost); 266 HttpEntity entity = httpResponse.getEntity(); 267 String result = EntityUtils.toString(entity); 268 return result; 269 } catch (ClientProtocolException e) { 270 throw new RuntimeException("message=[{}],cause=[{}]"+e.getMessage(),e.getCause()); 271 } catch (IOException e) { 272 throw new RuntimeException("message=[{}],cause=[{}]"+e.getMessage(),e.getCause()); 273 } 274 } 275 276 public static String doPostJson(String url, String key, String json) { 277 try { 278 String postURL = url; 279 PostMethod postMethod = null; 280 postMethod = new PostMethod(postURL); 281 postMethod.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=utf-8"); 282 postMethod.addParameter(key, json); //传参数 283 HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient(); 284 int response = httpClient.executeMethod(postMethod); // 执行POST方法 285 String result = postMethod.getResponseBodyAsString(); 286 return result; 287 } catch (Exception e) { 288 throw new RuntimeException("message=[{}],cause=[{}]"+e.getMessage(),e.getCause()); 289 } 290 } 291 }
二、使用RestTemplate发起远程http接口调用
1、引入maven依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
2、添加BeanConfig类
1 package com.java.example.config; 2 3 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; 4 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; 5 import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; 6 7 @Configuration 8 public class BeanConfig { 9 @Bean 10 public RestTemplate restTemplate(){ 11 return new RestTemplate(); 12 } 13 }
3、客户端发起远程http接口调用
1 import com.java.example.utils; 2 3 import java.util.Map; 4 5 import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders; 6 import org.springframework.http.HttpEntity; 7 import org.springframework.http.MediaType; 8 9 /** 10 * @author Tomcat 11 * @data 2019-09-15 23:31 12 */ 13 public class Test { 14 15 16 @Autowired 17 private RestTemplate restTemplate; 18 19 @Autowired 20 private LoadBalancerClient loadBalancerClient; 21 22 /** 23 * @author Tomcat 24 * @data 2019-11-17 25 */ 26 public String doPost(Map<String, Object> requestHearder, UserDTO requestBody, String url) { 27 28 HttpHeaders httpHeaders = new HttpHeaders(); 29 httpHeaders.setContentType(MediaType.parseMediaType("application/json;charset=UTF-8")); 30 HttpEntity<UserDTO> requestEntity = new HttpEntity<UserDTO>(req, httpHeaders); 31 String response = restTemplate.postForObject(url, requestEntity, String.class); 32 return response; 33 } 34 35 /** 36 * 利用loadBalancerClient通过应用名获取url，然后再使用restTemplate 37 * 38 * @param macroserviceName 39 * @return 40 */ 41 public String doGet(String macroserviceName) { // 用于微服务，根据服务名调用 42 ServiceInstance serviceInstance = loadBalancerClient.choose(macroserviceName); 43 String url = String.format("http://%s:s%", serviceInstance.getHost(), serviceInstance.getPort()) + "msg"; 44 String response = restTemplate.getForObject(url, String.class); 45 return response; 46 } 47 48 /** 49 * @param dto 50 * @return 51 */ 52 public Result cancelOrder(OrderDto dto) { 53 Result result = Result.success(); 54 String merSn = dto.getMerSn(); 55 OrderCancelRequest request = new OrderCancelRequest(); 56 BeanUtils.copyProperties(dto, request); 57 String jsonObj = JSON.toJSONString(request); 58 HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders(); 59 headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8); 60 HttpEntity<String> httpEntity = new HttpEntity(jsonObj, headers); 61 String requestUrl = Order_Cancel_Url + "/order/{merSn}/cancel"; 62 try { 63 restTemplate.put(requestUrl, httpEntity, merSn); 64 } catch (Exception e) { 65 return Result.fail("订单取消失败,请联系客服人员"); 66 } 67 68 return result; 69 } 70 71 public boolean doDetele(String id) { 72 try { 73 restTemplate.delete("http://HELLO-SERVICE/getbook4/{1}", id); 74 } catch (Exception e) { 75 return false; 76 } 77 return true; 78 } 79 }
三、使用HttpURLConnection发起远程http接口调用
package com.java.example.utils; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.net.HttpURLConnection; import java.net.URL; import java.net.URLConnection; /** * @author Tomcat * @date * @description： */ @Slf4j public class HttpUtils { /** * http的post请求 * * @param urlPath 请求路径 * @param params 请求参数json格式字符串 * @return 返回的值json格式字符串 */ public static String httpPost(String urlPath,String params) { try { URL url = new URL(urlPath); URLConnection urlConnection = url.openConnection(); System.setProperty("sun.net.client.defaultConnectTimeout", "30000"); System.setProperty("sun.net.client.defaultReadTimeout", "30000"); urlConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "text/plain;charset=UTF-8"); HttpURLConnection httpUrlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) urlConnection; httpUrlConnection.setDoOutput(true); httpUrlConnection.setDoInput(true); httpUrlConnection.setUseCaches(false); httpUrlConnection.setRequestMethod("POST"); httpUrlConnection.connect(); OutputStream outStrm = httpUrlConnection.getOutputStream(); // 建立输入流，向指向的URL传入参数 outStrm.write(params.getBytes("utf-8")); outStrm.flush(); outStrm.close(); // 获得响应状态 int resultCode = httpUrlConnection.getResponseCode(); if (HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK == resultCode) { System.out.println("HTTP_OK"); InputStream in = urlConnection.getInputStream(); BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in)); StringBuffer temp = new StringBuffer(); String line = bufferedReader.readLine(); while (line != null) { temp.append(line).append("\r\n"); line = bufferedReader.readLine(); } bufferedReader.close(); return new String(temp.toString().getBytes(), "utf-8"); } } catch (Exception e) { log.error(e.getMessage()); throw new RuntimeException(e); } return null; } }
