使用属性表：VS2013上配置OpenCV

以前，windows下配置OpenCV一直不太方便：总是要手动添加lib，添加include，还要配置PATH使得程序运行时候能找到dll文件。

每次新建一个使用OpenCV的工程都要手动添加，很麻烦；而且，有时候需要不同版本的OpenCV测试。如果从32位模式切换到64位模式，又需要替换一次配置。。一旦有一个配错了，就总是徘徊在各种配置项的检查上。

后来，看到了freedomshe用属性表进行配置，其提供的属性表文件确实方便，但是还是需要手动配置OpenCV环境变量、追加OpenCV中的bin目录到PATH上（bin中有dll文件）。能不能不配置？（免得保不准自己又要重启机器...）

答案当然是可以！

配置OpenCV环境变量的目的在于，include路径、lib路径都使用这个前缀，能减少打字的次数；同时也是要把opencv的几个dll文件所在路径，追加到系统PATH上。
只要我们在属性表文件中自行定义OpenCV根目录，添加include路径、lib路径，添加dll目录，以后使用OpenCV的项目只需要导入这个属性表就OK了，太简单了！

当然，以前的老版本中的各种dll和lib分成好多个文件，现在的版本如果编译了opencv_contrib也会有额外的dll和lib，这些需要的时候再添加就好了。

废话不多说，这是OpenCV3.0.0的通用属性表文件opencv300.props

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 
	 OpenCV 3.0.0 属性表文件
	 不用单独配置环境变量OpenCV
	 也不用单独在系统PATH上添加OpenCV可执行路径
	 只需要在 "菜单"-"视图"-"属性管理器"中添加现有属性表，添加本文件
 
	 使用前请将下面的OpenCVRoot修改为你的OpenCV根目录
-->
 
<Project ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
	<ImportGroup Label="PropertySheets" />
	<PropertyGroup Label="UserMacros" />
	<PropertyGroup>
 
		<!-- 请把OpenCVRoot属性的值替换为你的OpenCV编译输出的目标目录，它包含x64、x86这样的子目录 -->
		<OpenCVRoot>F:\chris\lib\opencv-3.1.0\buildExtra\install</OpenCVRoot>
 
		<!-- 指定INCLUDE路径-->
		<IncludePath>$(OpenCVRoot)\include;$(IncludePath)</IncludePath>
 
		<!-- 指定链接所需lib目录-->
		<LibraryPath Condition="'$(Platform)'=='Win32'">$(OpenCVRoot)\x86\vc12\lib;$(LibraryPath)</LibraryPath>
		<LibraryPath Condition="'$(Platform)'=='X64'">$(OpenCVRoot)\x64\vc12\lib;$(LibraryPath)</LibraryPath>
 
		<!-- 保证系统处于Debug模式时，可以使用相对路径读取源代码目录下的文件，比如"lena.jpg"而不必是"d:/work/test/test/lena.jpg" -->
		<LocalDebuggerWorkingDirectory>$(ProjectDir)</LocalDebuggerWorkingDirectory>
		<DebuggerFlavor>WindowsLocalDebugger</DebuggerFlavor>
 
		<!-- 让系统PATH临时包含指定的dll目录 -->
		<LocalDebuggerEnvironment Condition="'$(Platform)'=='Win32'">PATH=%PATH%;$(OpenCVRoot)\x86\vc12\bin</LocalDebuggerEnvironment> 
		<LocalDebuggerEnvironment Condition="'$(Platform)'=='X64'">PATH=%PATH%;$(OpenCVRoot)\x64\vc12\bin</LocalDebuggerEnvironment>
	</PropertyGroup>
 
	<!-- 以下是程序需要加载的lib文件。-->
	<ItemDefinitionGroup>
		<Link Condition="'$(Configuration)'=='Debug'">
			<AdditionalDependencies>opencv_ts300d.lib;opencv_world310d.lib;%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
		</Link>
		<Link Condition="'$(Configuration)'=='Release'">
			<AdditionalDependencies>opencv_ts300.lib;opencv_world310.lib;%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
		</Link>
	</ItemDefinitionGroup>
	<ItemGroup />
</Project>
 
 

如果是opencv3.1那么lib只需要配置opencv_world310，对应的属性表文件为：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 
	 OpenCV 3.1.0属性表文件
	 不用单独配置环境变量OpenCV
	 也不用单独在系统PATH上添加OpenCV可执行路径
	 只需要在VisualStudio-"菜单"-"视图"-"属性管理器"中添加现有属性表，添加本文件
 
	 使用前请将下面的OpenCVRoot修改为你的OpenCV编译输出目录
-->
 
<Project ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
	<ImportGroup Label="PropertySheets" />
	<PropertyGroup Label="UserMacros" />
	<PropertyGroup>
 
		<!-- 请把OpenCVRoot属性的值替换为你的OpenCV编译输出的目标目录，它包含x64、x86这样的子目录 -->
		<OpenCVRoot>D:\lib\opencv310\build</OpenCVRoot>
 
		<!-- 指定INCLUDE路径-->
		<IncludePath>$(OpenCVRoot)\include;$(IncludePath)</IncludePath>
 
		<!-- 指定链接所需lib目录-->
		<LibraryPath Condition="'$(Platform)'=='Win32'">$(OpenCVRoot)\x86\vc12\lib;$(LibraryPath)</LibraryPath>
		<LibraryPath Condition="'$(Platform)'=='X64'">$(OpenCVRoot)\x64\vc12\lib;$(LibraryPath)</LibraryPath>
 
		<!-- 保证系统处于Debug模式时，可以使用相对路径读取源代码目录下的文件，比如"lena.jpg"而不必是"d:/work/test/test/lena.jpg" -->
		<LocalDebuggerWorkingDirectory>$(ProjectDir)</LocalDebuggerWorkingDirectory>
		<DebuggerFlavor>WindowsLocalDebugger</DebuggerFlavor>
 
		<!-- 让系统PATH临时包含指定的dll目录 -->
		<LocalDebuggerEnvironment Condition="'$(Platform)'=='Win32'">PATH=%PATH%;$(OpenCVRoot)\x86\vc12\bin</LocalDebuggerEnvironment> 
		<LocalDebuggerEnvironment Condition="'$(Platform)'=='X64'">PATH=%PATH%;$(OpenCVRoot)\x64\vc12\bin</LocalDebuggerEnvironment>
	</PropertyGroup>
 
	<!-- 以下是程序需要加载的lib文件。-->
	<ItemDefinitionGroup>
		<Link Condition="'$(Configuration)'=='Debug'">
			<AdditionalDependencies>opencv_world310d.lib;%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
		</Link>
		<Link Condition="'$(Configuration)'=='Release'">
			<AdditionalDependencies>opencv_world310.lib;%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
		</Link>
	</ItemDefinitionGroup>
	<ItemGroup />
</Project>
 

当然有时候需要使用OpenCV_contrib，那么编译好contrib后就增加了很多dll和lib，对应的属性表文件是这样的（opencv3.1版）：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 
	 OpenCV 3.1.0 带contrib的属性表文件
	 不用单独配置环境变量OpenCV
	 也不用单独在系统PATH上添加OpenCV可执行路径
	 只需要在 "菜单"-"视图"-"属性管理器"中添加现有属性表，添加本文件
 
	 使用前请将下面的OpenCVRoot修改为你的OpenCV根目录
-->
 
<Project ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
	<ImportGroup Label="PropertySheets" />
	<PropertyGroup Label="UserMacros" />
	<PropertyGroup>
 
		<!-- 请把OpenCVRoot属性的值替换为你的OpenCV编译输出的目标目录，它包含x64、x86这样的子目录 -->
		<OpenCVRoot>F:\chris\lib\opencv-3.1.0\buildExtra\install</OpenCVRoot>
 
		<!-- 指定INCLUDE路径-->
		<IncludePath>$(OpenCVRoot)\include;$(IncludePath)</IncludePath>
 
		<!-- 指定链接所需lib目录-->
		<LibraryPath Condition="'$(Platform)'=='Win32'">$(OpenCVRoot)\x86\vc12\lib;$(LibraryPath)</LibraryPath>
		<LibraryPath Condition="'$(Platform)'=='X64'">$(OpenCVRoot)\x64\vc12\lib;$(LibraryPath)</LibraryPath>
 
		<!-- 保证系统处于Debug模式时，可以使用相对路径读取源代码目录下的文件，比如"lena.jpg"而不必是"d:/work/test/test/lena.jpg" -->
		<LocalDebuggerWorkingDirectory>$(ProjectDir)</LocalDebuggerWorkingDirectory>
		<DebuggerFlavor>WindowsLocalDebugger</DebuggerFlavor>
 
		<!-- 让系统PATH临时包含指定的dll目录 -->
		<LocalDebuggerEnvironment Condition="'$(Platform)'=='Win32'">PATH=%PATH%;$(OpenCVRoot)\x86\vc12\bin</LocalDebuggerEnvironment> 
		<LocalDebuggerEnvironment Condition="'$(Platform)'=='X64'">PATH=%PATH%;$(OpenCVRoot)\x64\vc12\bin</LocalDebuggerEnvironment>
	</PropertyGroup>
 
	<!-- 以下是程序需要加载的lib文件。-->
	<ItemDefinitionGroup>
		<Link Condition="'$(Configuration)'=='Debug'">
			<AdditionalDependencies>opencv_aruco310d.lib;opencv_bgsegm310d.lib;opencv_bioinspired310d.lib;opencv_calib3d310d.lib;opencv_ccalib310d.lib;opencv_core310d.lib;opencv_cudaarithm310d.lib;opencv_cudabgsegm310d.lib;opencv_cudacodec310d.lib;opencv_cudastereo310d.lib;opencv_cudawarping310d.lib;opencv_cudev310d.lib;opencv_datasets310d.lib;opencv_dnn310d.lib;opencv_dpm310d.lib;opencv_face310d.lib;opencv_features2d310d.lib;opencv_flann310d.lib;opencv_fuzzy310d.lib;opencv_highgui310d.lib;opencv_imgcodecs310d.lib;opencv_imgproc310d.lib;opencv_line_descriptor310d.lib;opencv_ml310d.lib;opencv_objdetect310d.lib;opencv_optflow310d.lib;opencv_plot310d.lib;opencv_reg310d.lib;opencv_rgbd310d.lib;opencv_saliency310d.lib;opencv_shape310d.lib;opencv_stereo310d.lib;opencv_structured_light310d.lib;opencv_surface_matching310d.lib;opencv_text310d.lib;opencv_tracking310d.lib;opencv_ts310d.lib;opencv_video310d.lib;opencv_videoio310d.lib;opencv_world310d.lib;opencv_ximgproc310d.lib;opencv_xobjdetect310d.lib;%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
		</Link>
		<Link Condition="'$(Configuration)'=='Release'">
			<AdditionalDependencies>opencv_aruco310.lib;opencv_bgsegm310.lib;opencv_bioinspired310.lib;opencv_calib3d310.lib;opencv_ccalib310.lib;opencv_core310.lib;opencv_cudaarithm310.lib;opencv_cudabgsegm310.lib;opencv_cudacodec310.lib;opencv_cudastereo310.lib;opencv_cudawarping310.lib;opencv_cudev310.lib;opencv_datasets310.lib;opencv_dnn310.lib;opencv_dpm310.lib;opencv_face310.lib;opencv_features2d310.lib;opencv_flann310.lib;opencv_fuzzy310.lib;opencv_highgui310.lib;opencv_imgcodecs310.lib;opencv_imgproc310.lib;opencv_line_descriptor310.lib;opencv_ml310.lib;opencv_objdetect310.lib;opencv_optflow310.lib;opencv_plot310.lib;opencv_reg310.lib;opencv_rgbd310.lib;opencv_saliency310.lib;opencv_shape310.lib;opencv_stereo310.lib;opencv_structured_light310.lib;opencv_surface_matching310.lib;opencv_text310.lib;opencv_tracking310.lib;opencv_ts310.lib;opencv_video310.lib;opencv_videoio310.lib;opencv_world310.lib;opencv_ximgproc310.lib;opencv_xobjdetect310.lib;%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
		</Link>
	</ItemDefinitionGroup>
	<ItemGroup />
</Project>
 

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P.S. 有人可能会问，上面的属性表XML文件里面的各属性是如何确定的？属性值容易设定，属性名确实不是一眼看出来的。
可以通过新建一个工程，在工程的属性中手动设定VC++、C/C++、链接器等条目中的项，进行设定后vs2013会写入到<your_project_name>/<your_project_name>.vcxproj.user这个文件中。手动在GUI界面中设定了需要的属性后，查看.vcxproj.user文件，把需要的属性剪切到属性表文件中，以后同类型的工程就可以仅仅使用此属性表文件进行配置了。比如dll的路径，通过当前工程的属性->调试->工作目录进行设定：