[ACM_其他] Modular Inverse [a关于模m的逆 模线性方程]
Description
The modular modular multiplicative inverse of an integer a modulo m is an integer x such that a-1≡x (mod m)
. This is equivalent toax≡1 (mod m)
.
Input
There are multiple test cases. The first line of input is an integer T ≈ 2000 indicating the number of test cases.
Each test case contains two integers 0 < a ≤ 1000 and 0 < m ≤ 1000.
Output
For each test case, output the smallest positive x. If such x doesn't exist, output "Not Exist".
Sample Input
3 3 11 4 12 5 13
Sample Output
4 Not Exist 8
题目大意:求a关于模m的逆。
解题思路:1>扩展欧几里得算法:找出一对整数对(x,y),使得ax+by=gcd(a,b).
2>设a,b,c为任意整数.若方程ax+by=c的一组整数解为(x,y),则它的任意解为(x+k*b',y+k*a'),其中a'=a/gcd(a,b),b'=b/gcd(a,b),k任意整数.
3>模线性方程:输入正整数:a,b,n,解方程ax≡b(mod n)即:a-b是n的整数倍即:ax-b=ny.
4>ax≡1 (mod m)等价于:ax%m==1%m 也等价于:ax-my=1是否有整数解且求出满足条件的最小整数x。扩展欧几里得算法1必须是gcd(a,m)的倍数,所以a和n互素即:gcd(a,m)=1才会有解,在该条件下有唯一解。
1 #include<iostream> 2 #include<string.h> 3 #include<cstring> 4 #include<string> 5 using namespace std; 6 void gcd(int a,int b,int& d,int& x,int& y){ 7 if(!b){ 8 d=a;x=1;y=0; 9 }else{ 10 gcd(b,a%b,d,y,x); 11 y-=x*(a/b); 12 } 13 }//扩展欧几里得算法,a,b,是输入量 14 //d为gcd(a,b),x,y为ax+by=gcd(a,b)的一组整数解 15 int main(){ 16 int T;cin>>T; 17 while(T--){ 18 int a,m,d,x,y; 19 cin>>a>>m; 20 gcd(a,m,d,x,y); 21 if(d!=1)cout<<"Not Exist\n"; 22 else{//根据一组解求满足条件的x 23 if(x>0){ 24 while(x>0)x-=m; 25 x+=m; 26 }else if(x<0){ 27 while(x<0)x+=m; 28 }else x+=m; 29 cout<<x<<'\n'; 30 } 31 }return 0; 32 }