序列化类常用字段和字段参数（了解）
【models.CharField(max_length=32)】
常用字段类
----------重要，后面讲-----------
ListField ListField(child=, min_length=None, max_length=None)
DictField DictField(child=)
ListField
DictField
常用字段参数
选项参数：
max_length 最大长度
min_lenght 最小长度
allow_blank 是否允许为空
trim_whitespace 是否截断空白字符
max_value 最大值
min_value 最小值
required 表明该字段在反序列化时必须输入，默认True
default 反序列化时使用的默认值
allow_null 表明该字段是否允许传入None，默认False
validators 该字段使用的验证器
----看一眼忘掉-----
error_messages 包含错误编号与错误信息的字典
label 用于HTML展示API页面时，显示的字段名称
help_text 用于HTML展示API页面时，显示的字段帮助提示信息
read_only 表明该字段仅用于序列化输出，默认False
write_only 表明该字段仅用于反序列化输入，默认False
-1 先执行字段自己的校验规则----》最大长度，最小长度，是否为空，是否必填，最小数字。。。。
-2 validators=[方法，] ----》单独给这个字段加校验规则
name=serializers.CharField(validators=[方法,])
-3 局部钩子校验规则
-4 全局钩子校验规则
序列化高级用法之source（了解）
class Book(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
price = models.CharField(max_length=32)
publish = models.ForeignKey(to='Publish', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
authors = models.ManyToManyField(to='Author')
class Publish(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
addr = models.CharField(max_length=32)
class Author(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
phone = models.CharField(max_length=11)
author_detail = models.OneToOneField(to='AuthorDetail', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
class AuthorDetail(models.Model):
addr = models.CharField(max_length=64)
gender = models.CharField(max_length=64)
序列化定制字段名字
-自有字段，直接写字段名字
-name_real = serializers.CharField(max_length=8, source='name')
-关联字段，一对多的关联，直接点
-publish = serializers.CharField(source='publish.name')
-多对多，搞不了,source不能用
-authors=serializers.CharField(source='authors.all')
class BookSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
name_real = serializers.CharField(max_length=8, source='name')
real_price = serializers.CharField(source='price')
publish = serializers.CharField(source='publish.name')
authors=serializers.CharField(source='authors.all')
序列化高级用法之定制字段的两种方式
SerializerMethodField定制
-一对多的，显示字典
-多对多，显示列表套字典
class BookSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
name = serializers.CharField(max_length=8)
price = serializers.CharField()
publish_detail = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
def get_publish_detail(self, obj):
return {'name': obj.publish.name, 'addr': obj.publish.addr}
author_list = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
def get_author_list(self, obj):
l = []
for author in obj.authors.all():
l.append({'name': author.name, 'phone': author.phone})
return l
在表模型中定制
class Book(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
price = models.CharField(max_length=32)
publish = models.ForeignKey(to='Publish', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
authors = models.ManyToManyField(to='Author')
def publish_detail(self):
return {'name': self.publish.name, 'addr': self.publish.addr}
def author_list(self):
l = []
for author in self.authors.all():
l.append({'name': author.name, 'phone': author.phone})
return l
class BookSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
name = serializers.CharField(max_length=8)
price = serializers.CharField()
publish_detail = serializers.DictField()
author_list = serializers.ListField()
多表关联反序列化保存
新增图书接口
-前端传入的数据格式：{name:红楼梦,price:19,publish:1,authors:[1,2]}
class BookView(APIView):
def post(self, request):
ser = BookSerializer(data=request.data)
if ser.is_valid():
ser.save()
return Response({'code': 100, 'msg': '新增成功'})
else:
return Response({'code': 101, 'msg': ser.errors})
class BookSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
name = serializers.CharField(max_length=8)
price = serializers.CharField()
publish_detail = serializers.DictField(read_only=True)
author_list = serializers.ListField(read_only=True)
publish = serializers.CharField(write_only=True)
authors = serializers.ListField(write_only=True)
def create(self, validated_data):
book = Book.objects.create(name=validated_data.get('name'), price=validated_data.get('price'),
publish_id=validated_data.get('publish'))
book.authors.add(*validated_data.get('authors'))
return book
修改图书接口
-前端传入的数据格式：{name:红楼梦,price:19,publish:1,authors:[1,2]}
class BookDetailView(APIView):
def put(self, request, pk):
book = Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
ser = BookSerializer(data=request.data, instance=book)
if ser.is_valid():
ser.save()
return Response({'code': 100, 'msg': '修改成功'})
else:
return Response({'code': 101, 'msg': ser.errors})
class BookSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
name = serializers.CharField(max_length=8)
price = serializers.CharField()
publish = serializers.CharField(write_only=True)
authors = serializers.ListField(write_only=True)
def update(self, instance, validated_data):
instance.name = validated_data.get('name')
instance.price = validated_data.get('price')
instance.publish_id = validated_data.get('publish')
authors = validated_data.get('authors')
instance.authors.clear()
instance.authors.add(*authors)
instance.save()
return instance
反序列化字段校验其他
-1 字段自己的：举例：name = serializers.CharField(max_length=8, error_messages={'max_length': '太长了'})
-2 validators=[方法，] 忽略掉
-3 局部钩子
-4 全局钩子
ModelSerializer使用
-跟表模型强关联
-大部分请求，不用写create和update了
class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Book
fields = ['name', 'price', 'publish_detail', 'author_list', 'publish', 'authors']
extra_kwargs = {'name': {'max_length': 8},
'publish_detail': {'read_only': True},
'author_list': {'read_only': True},
'publish': {'write_only': True},
'authors': {'write_only': True},
}
def validate_name(self, name):
if name.startswith('sb'):
raise ValidationError('不能sb')
else:
return name
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