redis 持久化机制及配置

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目录：

　　1. RDB

　　2. AOF（append-only file）

　　3. RDB 和 AOF 特性比对

　　4. 混合持久化

 

　　redis 数据持久化共有两种方式：一种是RDB，另一个是AOF

1. RDB：

　　　　默认情况下，redis 将内存数据库快照保存在名字为 dump.rdb的二进制文件中。

　　　　redis.conf 配置中对 rdb 方式 的配置如下：

################################ SNAPSHOTTING  ################################
#
# Save the DB on disk:
#
#   save <seconds> <changes>
#
#   Will save the DB if both the given number of seconds and the given
#   number of write operations against the DB occurred.
#
#   In the example below the behaviour will be to save:
#   after 900 sec (15 min) if at least 1 key changed
#   after 300 sec (5 min) if at least 10 keys changed
#   after 60 sec if at least 10000 keys changed
#
#   Note: you can disable saving completely by commenting out all "save" lines.
#
#   It is also possible to remove all the previously configured save
#   points by adding a save directive with a single empty string argument
#   like in the following example:
#
#   save ""

save 900 1
save 300 10
save 60 10000

　　对 Redis 进行设置， 让它在“ N 秒内数据集至少有 M 个改动”这一条件被满足时， 自动保存一次数据集到 rdb 文件中。

　　redis 在数据进行rdb 持久化时，支持

 

　　Redis 借助操作系统提供的写时复制技术（Copy-On-Write, COW），在生成快照的同时，依然可以正常处理写命令。简单来说，bgsave 子进程是由主线程 fork 生成的，可以共享主线程的所有内存数据。bgsave 子进程运行后，开始读取主线程的内存数据，并把它们写入 RDB 文件。此时，如果主线程对这些数据也都是读操作，那么，主线程和 bgsave 子进程相互不影响。但是，如果主线程要修改一块数据，那么，这块数据就会被复制一份，生成该数据的副本。然后，bgsave 子进程会把这个副本数据写入 RDB 文件，而在这个过程中，主线程仍然可以直接修改原来的数据。

　　其 配置如下：

# By default Redis will stop accepting writes if RDB snapshots are enabled
# (at least one save point) and the latest background save failed.
# This will make the user aware (in a hard way) that data is not persisting
# on disk properly, otherwise chances are that no one will notice and some
# disaster will happen.
#
# If the background saving process will start working again Redis will
# automatically allow writes again.
#
# However if you have setup your proper monitoring of the Redis server
# and persistence, you may want to disable this feature so that Redis will
# continue to work as usual even if there are problems with disk,
# permissions, and so forth.
stop-writes-on-bgsave-error yes

# Compress string objects using LZF when dump .rdb databases?
# For default that's set to 'yes' as it's almost always a win.
# If you want to save some CPU in the saving child set it to 'no' but
# the dataset will likely be bigger if you have compressible values or keys.
rdbcompression yes

# Since version 5 of RDB a CRC64 checksum is placed at the end of the file.
# This makes the format more resistant to corruption but there is a performance
# hit to pay (around 10%) when saving and loading RDB files, so you can disable it
# for maximum performances.
#
# RDB files created with checksum disabled have a checksum of zero that will
# tell the loading code to skip the check.
rdbchecksum yes

# The filename where to dump the DB
dbfilename dump.rdb

 

2. AOF（append-only file）：

　　

　　RDB 快照功能并不是非常耐久， 如果 Redis 因为某些原因而造成故障停机， 那么服务器将丢失最近写入、且仍未保存到快照中的那些数据。

　　Redis 增加了一种完全耐久的持久化方式： AOF 持久化，将修改的每一条指令记录进文件 appendonly.aof 中. (先写入os cache，每隔一段时间fsync到磁盘)

　　

############################## APPEND ONLY MODE ###############################

# By default Redis asynchronously dumps the dataset on disk. This mode is
# good enough in many applications, but an issue with the Redis process or
# a power outage may result into a few minutes of writes lost (depending on
# the configured save points).
#
# The Append Only File is an alternative persistence mode that provides
# much better durability. For instance using the default data fsync policy
# (see later in the config file) Redis can lose just one second of writes in a
# dramatic event like a server power outage, or a single write if something
# wrong with the Redis process itself happens, but the operating system is
# still running correctly.
#
# AOF and RDB persistence can be enabled at the same time without problems.
# If the AOF is enabled on startup Redis will load the AOF, that is the file
# with the better durability guarantees.
#
# Please check http://redis.io/topics/persistence for more information.

appendonly no

# The name of the append only file (default: "appendonly.aof")

appendfilename "appendonly.aof"

　　AOF 也可配置redis 多久将数据 fsync 同步到磁盘一次。

 appendfsync always：每次有新命令追加到 AOF 文件时就执行一次 fsync ，非常慢，也非常安全。

 appendfsync everysec：每秒 fsync 一次，足够快，并且在故障时只会丢失 1 秒钟的数据。推荐（并且也是默认）

 appendfsync no：从不 fsync ，将数据交给操作系统来处理。更快，也更不安全的选择。

 

3. RDB 和 AOF 特性比对

命令	RDB	AOF
启动优先级	低	高
体积	小	大
恢复速度	快	慢
数据安全性	容易丢数据	根据策略决定

 

　　

4. 混合持久化：

　　　　Redis 支持同时开启开启两种持久化方式，我们可以综合使用 AOF 和 RDB 两种持久化机制，用 AOF 来保证数据不丢失，作为数据恢复的第一选择；

　　　　用 RDB 来做不同程度的冷备，在 AOF 文件都丢失或损坏不可用的时候，还可以使用 RDB 来进行快速的数据恢复。