1.WCF学习--创建简单的WCF服务
一、基本了解WCF
1、面向服务代表的是一种设计理念，和面向对象、面向组件一样，体现的是一种对关注点进行分解的思想，面向服务是和技术无关的
2、WCF需要依存一个运行着的宿主进程，服务寄宿就是为服务指定一个宿主的过程，服务寄宿的目的就是开启一个进程，为WCF提供一个运行的环境，并为服务提供一个或多个终结点，使之暴露给潜在的服务消费者
WCF采用基于终结点（Endpoint）的通信手段。终结点由地址（Address）、绑定（Binding）、契约（Contract）三要数组成
地址：地址决定了服务的位置，解决了服务寻址的问题
绑定：绑定实现了通讯所有细节，包括网络传输、消息编码、以及其他为实现某种功能（比如传输安全、可靠消息、事务等）对消息进行相应的处理。
契约：契约是对服务操作的抽象，也是对消息交换及消息结构的定义
注意：WCF中具有一系列的系统定义绑定，比如：BasicHttpBinding、WSHttpBinding和NetTcpBinding等
二、构建简单的WCF应用
目录结构如下：
Service.Interface:用于定义服务契约的类库项目，引用WCF核心程序集 System.ServiceModel.dll
Service:用于定义服务类型的类库项目，实现服务契约（Service.Interface）
Hosting：作为服务寄宿的控制台应用
WCF_自我寄宿：客户端，调用服务
定义服务契约：
/// <summary>
/// 用于定义服务契约的地方Contract
/// </summary>
namespace Service.Interface
{
/// <summary>
/// 当服务被添加到客户端程序时，契约接口会被生成出来，出来的名称与 ServiceContract特性里面属性name定义的名称一样
/// </summary>
[ServiceContract(Name ="CalculatorService",Namespace ="http://www.artech.com/")]
public interface ICalculator
{
[OperationContract]
double Add(double x, double y);
[OperationContract]
double Subtract(double x, double y);
[OperationContract]
double Multiply(double x, double y);
[OperationContract]
double Divide(double x, double y);
}
}
使用编程方式寄宿：
/// <summary>
/// 使用编程方式寄宿
/// </summary>
public static void Programme()
{
//服务寄宿
using (ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof(Service.CalculatorService)))
{
//添加终结点（一个基于WSHttpBinding绑定的终结点 终结点地址：http://127.0.0.1:3721/calculatorservice 服务契约的类型：ICalculator）
host.AddServiceEndpoint(typeof(ICalculator), new WSHttpBinding(), "http://127.0.0.1:3721/calculatorservice");
if (host.Description.Behaviors.Find<ServiceMetadataBehavior>() == null)
{
// 添加服务行为（控制服务元数据和相关信息的发布。）
ServiceMetadataBehavior behavior = new ServiceMetadataBehavior();
behavior.HttpGetEnabled = true;//指定采用http-get的元数据获取方式
behavior.HttpGetUrl = new Uri("http://127.0.0.1:3721/calculatorservice/metadata");//指定元数据发布地址，这样在服务寄宿后我们可以通过这个地址访问服务相关的元数据
host.Description.Behaviors.Add(behavior);
}
host.Opened += delegate
{
Console.WriteLine("CalculatorService 启动，按任意键终止服务！");
};
host.Open();//开启服务
Console.Read();
}
}
使用配置文件寄宿
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
<startup>
<supportedRuntime version="v4.0" sku=".NETFramework,Version=v4.6.1" />
</startup>
<system.serviceModel>
<behaviors>
<serviceBehaviors>
<behavior name="metadateBehavior">
<!-- 为避免泄漏元数据信息，请在部署前将以下值设置为 false 并删除上面的元数据终结点 -->
<serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" httpGetUrl="calculatorservice/metadata" />
</behavior>
</serviceBehaviors>
</behaviors>
<services>
<service behaviorConfiguration="metadateBehavior" name="Service.CalculatorService">
<endpoint address="calculatorservice" binding="wsHttpBinding"
name="Service.CalculatorService" contract="Service.Interface.ICalculator" />
<host>
<baseAddresses>
<add baseAddress="http://127.0.0.1:3721" />
</baseAddresses>
</host>
</service>
</services>
</system.serviceModel>
</configuration>
/// <summary>
/// 使用配置文件添加服务
/// </summary>
public static void Config()
{
using (ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof(CalculatorService)))
{
host.Opened += delegate
{
Console.WriteLine("CalculatorService 启动，按任意键终止服务！");
};
host.Open();//开启服务
Console.Read();
}
}
客户端调用服务：
1、当服务被添加后，客户端进行服务调用的服务契约接口CalculatorService会被生成出来并且与ICalculator契约接口具有相同的成员且等效
注意：这个掉用的服务契约与定义契约接口时使用ServiceContractAttribute特性的name属性设置的一样
namespace WCF_自我寄宿.ServiceReference1 {
[System.CodeDom.Compiler.GeneratedCodeAttribute("System.ServiceModel", "4.0.0.0")]
[System.ServiceModel.ServiceContractAttribute(Namespace="http://www.artech.com/", ConfigurationName="ServiceReference1.CalculatorService")]
public interface CalculatorService {
[System.ServiceModel.OperationContractAttribute(Action="http://www.artech.com/CalculatorService/Add", ReplyAction="http://www.artech.com/CalculatorService/AddResponse")]
double Add(double x, double y);
[System.ServiceModel.OperationContractAttribute(Action="http://www.artech.com/CalculatorService/Add", ReplyAction="http://www.artech.com/CalculatorService/AddResponse")]
System.Threading.Tasks.Task<double> AddAsync(double x, double y);
[System.ServiceModel.OperationContractAttribute(Action="http://www.artech.com/CalculatorService/Subtract", ReplyAction="http://www.artech.com/CalculatorService/SubtractResponse")]
double Subtract(double x, double y);
[System.ServiceModel.OperationContractAttribute(Action="http://www.artech.com/CalculatorService/Subtract", ReplyAction="http://www.artech.com/CalculatorService/SubtractResponse")]
System.Threading.Tasks.Task<double> SubtractAsync(double x, double y);
[System.ServiceModel.OperationContractAttribute(Action="http://www.artech.com/CalculatorService/Multiply", ReplyAction="http://www.artech.com/CalculatorService/MultiplyResponse")]
double Multiply(double x, double y);
[System.ServiceModel.OperationContractAttribute(Action="http://www.artech.com/CalculatorService/Multiply", ReplyAction="http://www.artech.com/CalculatorService/MultiplyResponse")]
System.Threading.Tasks.Task<double> MultiplyAsync(double x, double y);
[System.ServiceModel.OperationContractAttribute(Action="http://www.artech.com/CalculatorService/Divide", ReplyAction="http://www.artech.com/CalculatorService/DivideResponse")]
double Divide(double x, double y);
[System.ServiceModel.OperationContractAttribute(Action="http://www.artech.com/CalculatorService/Divide", ReplyAction="http://www.artech.com/CalculatorService/DivideResponse")]
System.Threading.Tasks.Task<double> DivideAsync(double x, double y);
}
[System.CodeDom.Compiler.GeneratedCodeAttribute("System.ServiceModel", "4.0.0.0")]
public interface CalculatorServiceChannel : WCF_自我寄宿.ServiceReference1.CalculatorService, System.ServiceModel.IClientChannel {
}
[System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute()]
[System.CodeDom.Compiler.GeneratedCodeAttribute("System.ServiceModel", "4.0.0.0")]
public partial class CalculatorServiceClient : System.ServiceModel.ClientBase<WCF_自我寄宿.ServiceReference1.CalculatorService>, WCF_自我寄宿.ServiceReference1.CalculatorService {
public CalculatorServiceClient() {
}
public CalculatorServiceClient(string endpointConfigurationName) :
base(endpointConfigurationName) {
}
public CalculatorServiceClient(string endpointConfigurationName, string remoteAddress) :
base(endpointConfigurationName, remoteAddress) {
}
public CalculatorServiceClient(string endpointConfigurationName, System.ServiceModel.EndpointAddress remoteAddress) :
base(endpointConfigurationName, remoteAddress) {
}
public CalculatorServiceClient(System.ServiceModel.Channels.Binding binding, System.ServiceModel.EndpointAddress remoteAddress) :
base(binding, remoteAddress) {
}
public double Add(double x, double y) {
return base.Channel.Add(x, y);
}
public System.Threading.Tasks.Task<double> AddAsync(double x, double y) {
return base.Channel.AddAsync(x, y);
}
public double Subtract(double x, double y) {
return base.Channel.Subtract(x, y);
}
public System.Threading.Tasks.Task<double> SubtractAsync(double x, double y) {
return base.Channel.SubtractAsync(x, y);
}
public double Multiply(double x, double y) {
return base.Channel.Multiply(x, y);
}
public System.Threading.Tasks.Task<double> MultiplyAsync(double x, double y) {
return base.Channel.MultiplyAsync(x, y);
}
public double Divide(double x, double y) {
return base.Channel.Divide(x, y);
}
public System.Threading.Tasks.Task<double> DivideAsync(double x, double y) {
return base.Channel.DivideAsync(x, y);
}
}
}
2、查看调用服务后生成的代码可以看出来其实真正被调用的是CalculatorServiceClient类
public interface CalculatorService
public partial class CalculatorServiceClient : System.ServiceModel.ClientBase<WCF_自我寄宿.ServiceReference1.CalculatorService>, WCF_自我寄宿.ServiceReference1.CalculatorService
可以看到CalculatorServiceClient同样实现了契约接口并且其基类是System.ServiceModel.ClientBase<WCF_自我寄宿.ServiceReference1.CalculatorService>，
并通过从基类继承的Channel属性的相应方法实现了4个运算操作
客户端引用服务后字节调用：
//1、直接调用
CalculatorServiceClient client = new CalculatorServiceClient();
Console.WriteLine(client.Add(10, 10));
由于WCF采用基于契约的服务调用方法。
vs在添加服务的时候会在客户端创建一个与服务等效的服务契约接口。 public interface CalculatorService
由于服务端和客户端在同一个解决方案里面，因此可以让服务端和客户端引用相同的契约（当然这里是删除了服务引用，并且引用服务契约1Calculator）
通过System.ServiceModel.ChannelFactory<Tchannel>直接创建服务代理对象
using (ChannelFactory<ICalculator> channelFactory = new ChannelFactory<ICalculator>(new WSHttpBinding(), "http://127.0.0.1:3721/calculatorservice"))
{
ICalculator calculator = channelFactory.CreateChannel();
Console.WriteLine(calculator.Add(10, 10));
}
说明：
终结点是WCF进行通讯的唯一手段，ChannelFactory<ICalculator>本质上是通过指定的终结点创建用于进行服务调用的服务代理
在创建channelFactory对象的时候我们指定了 地址和绑定 泛型ChannelFactory<ICalculator>指定了 契约
一般我们通过在配置文件添加终结点（常用）再通过System.ServiceModel.ChannelFactory<Tchannel>直接创建服务代理对象
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
<startup>
<supportedRuntime version="v4.0" sku=".NETFramework,Version=v4.6.1" />
</startup>
<system.serviceModel>
<client>
<endpoint
address="http://127.0.0.1:3721/calculatorservice"
binding="wsHttpBinding"
contract="Service.Interface.ICalculator"
name="CalCulatorService" />
</client>
</system.serviceModel>
</configuration>
using (ChannelFactory<ICalculator> channelFactory = new ChannelFactory<ICalculator>("CalCulatorService"))
{
ICalculator calculator = channelFactory.CreateChannel();
Console.WriteLine(calculator.Add(10, 10));
Console.WriteLine("按任意键终止程序");
Console.Read();
}
IIS寄宿:https://blog.csdn.net/heyangyi_19940703/article/details/51831094
