C#生成RSA非对称加密公钥私钥以及加密解密、签名验证签名

using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Text;
using Xunit.Abstractions;

namespace xUnit.Tests
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 
    /// </summary>
    public class RsaKeyPairGenerator
    {
        private readonly ITestOutputHelper _testOutputHelper;
        /// <summary>
        /// 
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="testOutputHelper"></param>
        public RsaKeyPairGenerator(ITestOutputHelper testOutputHelper)
        {
            _testOutputHelper = testOutputHelper;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 
        /// </summary>
        [Fact]
        public void GenerateRsaKeyPair()
        {
            // 1. 生成RSA密钥对  
            using (RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider(1024))
            {
                // 1.获取公钥和私钥  
                byte[] publicKeyBytes = rsa.ExportSubjectPublicKeyInfo(); // 公钥X.509格式生成  
                byte[] privateKeyBytes = rsa.ExportPkcs8PrivateKey();     // 私钥以PKCS#8格式生成

                string publicKey = Convert.ToBase64String(publicKeyBytes);
                var privateKey = Convert.ToBase64String(privateKeyBytes);
                _testOutputHelper.WriteLine("公钥：" + publicKey);
                _testOutputHelper.WriteLine("私钥：" + privateKey);

                // 2.加密
                string original = "Hello, RSA!";
                var encrypted = Encrypt(publicKey, original);
                _testOutputHelper.WriteLine("Encrypted: " + encrypted);

                // 3. 解密  
                var decrypted = Decrypt(privateKey, encrypted);
                _testOutputHelper.WriteLine("Decrypted: " + decrypted);

                // 4.签名
                var signData = SignData(privateKey, original);
                _testOutputHelper.WriteLine("SignData: " + signData);

                // 5.验证签名
                var isVerify = VerifySignData(publicKey, original, signData);
                _testOutputHelper.WriteLine("VerifySign: " + isVerify);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 加密
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="publicKey"></param>
        /// <param name="data"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException"></exception>
        public string Encrypt(string publicKey, string data)
        {
            var publicKeyBytes = Convert.FromBase64String(publicKey);
            using (var rsa = System.Security.Cryptography.RSA.Create())
            {
                rsa.ImportSubjectPublicKeyInfo(publicKeyBytes, out int bytesRead);
                // 使用公钥加密数据（这里使用PKCS#1 v1.5填充）  
                byte[] encryptedData = rsa.Encrypt(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(data), RSAEncryptionPadding.Pkcs1);

                // 输出加密后的数据（通常为Base64编码）  
                return Convert.ToBase64String(encryptedData);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 解密
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="privateKey"></param>
        /// <param name="data"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public string Decrypt(string privateKey, string data)
        {
            var privateKeyBytes = Convert.FromBase64String(privateKey);
            using (var rsa = System.Security.Cryptography.RSA.Create())
            {
                rsa.ImportPkcs8PrivateKey(privateKeyBytes, out int bytesRead);
                return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(rsa.Decrypt(Convert.FromBase64String(data), System.Security.Cryptography.RSAEncryptionPadding.Pkcs1));
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 生成数据签名
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="privateKey"></param>
        /// <param name="data"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public string SignData(string privateKey, string data)
        {
            var privateKeyBytes = Convert.FromBase64String(privateKey);
            using (var rsa = System.Security.Cryptography.RSA.Create())
            {
                rsa.ImportPkcs8PrivateKey(privateKeyBytes, out int bytesRead);
                var inputBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(data);
                var resultBytes = rsa.SignData(inputBytes, HashAlgorithmName.SHA256, RSASignaturePadding.Pkcs1);
                return Convert.ToBase64String(resultBytes);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 验证签名
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="publicKey"></param>
        /// <param name="data"></param>
        /// <param name="sign"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public bool VerifySignData(string publicKey, string data, string sign)
        {
            var publicKeyBytes = Convert.FromBase64String(publicKey);
            using (var rsa = System.Security.Cryptography.RSA.Create())
            {
                rsa.ImportSubjectPublicKeyInfo(publicKeyBytes, out int bytesRead);
                var dataBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(data);
                var singBytes = Convert.FromBase64String(sign);
                var result = rsa.VerifyData(dataBytes, singBytes, HashAlgorithmName.SHA256, RSASignaturePadding.Pkcs1);
                return result;
            }
        }
    }
}