FFmpeg学习:日志输出系统(av_log等)
FFmpeg日志系统
通过FFmpeg日志系统可以控制FFmpeg警告或错误输出内容和方式,日志输出部分的核心函数只有一个:av_log()。
函数调用结构图
av_log()
【函数原型】
av_log()是FFmpeg中输出日志的函数。随便打开一个FFmpeg的源代码文件,就会发现其中遍布着av_log()函数。一般情况下FFmpeg类库的源代码中是不允许使用printf()这种的函数的,所有的输出一律使用av_log()。
点击查看代码
/**
* Send the specified message to the log if the level is less than or equal
* to the current av_log_level. By default, all logging messages are sent to
* stderr. This behavior can be altered by setting a different logging callback
* function.
* @see av_log_set_callback
*
* @param avcl A pointer to an arbitrary struct of which the first field is a
* pointer to an AVClass struct.
* @param level The importance level of the message expressed using a @ref
* lavu_log_constants "Logging Constant".
* @param fmt The format string (printf-compatible) that specifies how
* subsequent arguments are converted to output.
*/
void av_log(void *avcl, int level, const char *fmt, ...) av_printf_format(3, 4);
【函数说明】
【参数分析】
- void* avcl:指向任意结构的指针,指定该log所属的结构体,例如AVFormatContext、AVCodecContext等等。
- int level:输出日志内容的等级
- const char *fmt:指定后续参数如何转换为输出的格式字符串(printf 兼容)。
- 函数最后一个参数是“…”。在C语言中,在函数参数数量不确定的情况下使用“…”来代表参数
它的声明后面有一个av_printf_format(3, 4)。有关这个地方的左右还没有深入研究,网上资料中说它的作用是按照printf()的格式检查av_log()的格式。
由此可见,av_log()和printf()的不同主要在于前面多了两个参数。其中第一个参数指定该log所属的结构体,例如AVFormatContext、AVCodecContext等等。第二个参数指定log的级别,源代码中定义了如下几个级别。
点击查看代码
/**
* Print no output.
*/
#define AV_LOG_QUIET -8
/**
* Something went really wrong and we will crash now.
*/
#define AV_LOG_PANIC 0
/**
* Something went wrong and recovery is not possible.
* For example, no header was found for a format which depends
* on headers or an illegal combination of parameters is used.
*/
#define AV_LOG_FATAL 8
/**
* Something went wrong and cannot losslessly be recovered.
* However, not all future data is affected.
*/
#define AV_LOG_ERROR 16
/**
* Something somehow does not look correct. This may or may not
* lead to problems. An example would be the use of '-vstrict -2'.
*/
#define AV_LOG_WARNING 24
/**
* Standard information.
*/
#define AV_LOG_INFO 32
/**
* Detailed information.
*/
#define AV_LOG_VERBOSE 40
/**
* Stuff which is only useful for libav* developers.
*/
#define AV_LOG_DEBUG 48
从定义中可以看出来,随着严重程度逐渐下降,一共包含如下级别:AV_LOG_PANIC,AV_LOG_FATAL,AV_LOG_ERROR,AV_LOG_WARNING,AV_LOG_INFO,AV_LOG_VERBOSE,AV_LOG_DEBUG。每个级别定义的数值代表了严重程度,数值越小代表越严重。默认的级别是AV_LOG_INFO。此外,还有一个级别不输出任何信息,即AV_LOG_QUIET。
当前系统存在着一个“Log级别”。所有严重程度高于该级别的Log信息都会输出出来。例如当前的Log级别是AV_LOG_WARNING,则会输出AV_LOG_PANIC,AV_LOG_FATAL,AV_LOG_ERROR,AV_LOG_WARNING级别的信息,而不会输出AV_LOG_INFO级别的信息。可以通过av_log_get_level()获得当前Log的级别,通过另一个函数av_log_set_level()设置当前的Log级别。
av_log_get_level(),av_log_set_level()
【函数定义】
av_log_get_level():返回当前log等级
/**
* Get the current log level
*
* @see lavu_log_constants
*
* @return Current log level
*/
int av_log_get_level(void);
av_log_set_level()设置当前Log的级别。
/**
* Set the log level
*
* @see lavu_log_constants
*
* @param level Logging level
*/
void av_log_set_level(int level);
以上两个函数主要操作了一个静态全局变量av_log_level。该变量用于存储当前系统Log的级别。它的定义如下所示。
static int av_log_level = AV_LOG_INFO;
av_vlog()
【函数原型】
av_vlog()是一个FFmpeg的API函数。它的声明位于libavutil\log.h中,如下所示
点击查看代码
/**
* Send the specified message to the log if the level is less than or equal
* to the current av_log_level. By default, all logging messages are sent to
* stderr. This behavior can be altered by setting a different logging callback
* function.
* @see av_log_set_callback
*
* @param avcl A pointer to an arbitrary struct of which the first field is a
* pointer to an AVClass struct.
* @param level The importance level of the message expressed using a @ref
* lavu_log_constants "Logging Constant".
* @param fmt The format string (printf-compatible) that specifies how
* subsequent arguments are converted to output.
* @param vl The arguments referenced by the format string.
*/
void av_vlog(void *avcl, int level, const char *fmt, va_list vl);
【函数定义】
av_vlog()的定义位于libavutil\log.c中,如下所示
void av_vlog(void* avcl, int level, const char *fmt, va_list vl)
{
void (*log_callback)(void*, int, const char*, va_list) = av_log_callback;
if (log_callback)
log_callback(avcl, level, fmt, vl);
}
【参数分析】
从声明中可以看出,av_vlog()和av_log()的参数基本上是一模一样的。唯一的不同在于av_log()中的“…”变成了av_vlog()中的va_list。
【函数说明】
从定义中可以看出,av_vlog()简单调用了一个函数指针av_log_callback。av_log_callback是一个全局静态变量,定义如下所示
static void (*av_log_callback)(void*, int, const char*, va_list) =
av_log_default_callback;
从代码中可以看出,av_log_callback指针默认指向一个函数av_log_default_callback()。av_log_default_callback()即FFmpeg默认的Log函数。需要注意的是,这个Log函数是可以自定义的。按照指定的参数定义一个自定义的函数后,可以通过FFmpeg的另一个API函数av_log_set_callback()设定为Log函数。
av_log_set_callback()的声明如下所示。
/**
* Set the logging callback
*
* @note The callback must be thread safe, even if the application does not use
* threads itself as some codecs are multithreaded.
*
* @see av_log_default_callback
*
* @param callback A logging function with a compatible signature.
*/
void av_log_set_callback(void (*callback)(void*, int, const char*, va_list));
从声明中可以看出,需要指定一个参数为(void, int, const char, va_list),返回值为void的函数作为Log函数。
av_log_set_callback()的定义很简单,做了一个函数指针赋值的工作,如下所示。
void av_log_set_callback(void (*callback)(void*, int, const char*, va_list))
{
av_log_callback = callback;
}
例如,我们可以指定一个my_logoutput()函数作为Log的输出函数,就可以将Log信息输出到文本中(而不是屏幕上)。
void my_logoutput(void* ptr, int level, const char* fmt,va_list vl){
FILE *fp = fopen("my_log.txt","a+");
if(fp){
vfprintf(fp,fmt,vl);
fflush(fp);
fclose(fp);
}
}
编辑好函数之后,使用av_log_set_callback()函数设置该函数为Log输出函数即可。
av_log_set_callback(my_logoutput);
av_log_default_callback()
FFmpeg的默认Log输出函数av_log_default_callback()。它的定义如下
【函数定义】
点击查看代码
void av_log_default_callback(void* ptr, int level, const char* fmt, va_list vl)
{
static int print_prefix = 1;
static int count;
static char prev[LINE_SZ];
AVBPrint part[4];
char line[LINE_SZ];
static int is_atty;
int type[2];
unsigned tint = 0;
if (level >= 0) {
tint = level & 0xff00;
level &= 0xff;
}
if (level > av_log_level)
return;
#if HAVE_PTHREADS
pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
#endif
format_line(ptr, level, fmt, vl, part, &print_prefix, type);
snprintf(line, sizeof(line), "%s%s%s%s", part[0].str, part[1].str, part[2].str, part[3].str);
#if HAVE_ISATTY
if (!is_atty)
is_atty = isatty(2) ? 1 : -1;
#endif
if (print_prefix && (flags & AV_LOG_SKIP_REPEATED) && !strcmp(line, prev) &&
*line && line[strlen(line) - 1] != '\r'){
count++;
if (is_atty == 1)
fprintf(stderr, " Last message repeated %d times\r", count);
goto end;
}
if (count > 0) {
fprintf(stderr, " Last message repeated %d times\n", count);
count = 0;
}
strcpy(prev, line);
sanitize(part[0].str);
colored_fputs(type[0], 0, part[0].str);
sanitize(part[1].str);
colored_fputs(type[1], 0, part[1].str);
sanitize(part[2].str);
colored_fputs(av_clip(level >> 3, 0, 6), tint >> 8, part[2].str);
sanitize(part[3].str);
colored_fputs(av_clip(level >> 3, 0, 6), tint >> 8, part[3].str);
end:
av_bprint_finalize(part+3, NULL);
#if HAVE_PTHREADS
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
#endif
}
【函数分析】
av_log_default_callback()的代码是比较复杂的。其实如果我们仅仅是希望把Log信息输出到屏幕上,远不需要那么多代码,只需要简单打印一下就可以了。av_log_default_callback()之所以会那么复杂,主要是因为他还包含了很多的功能,比如说根据Log级别的不同将输出的文本设置成不同的颜色等等。下图显示了不同级别的Log不同的背景颜色。
下面看一下av_log_default_callback()的源代码大致的流程:
(1)如果输入参数level大于系统当前的日志级别av_log_level,表明不需要做任何处理,直接返回。
(2)调用format_line()设定Log的输出格式。
(3)调用colored_fputs()设定Log的颜色。
format_line(), av_log_format_line()
format_line()用于设定Log的输出格式。它本身并不是一个FFmpeg的API,但是FFmpeg有一个API函数av_log_format_line()调用了这个函数。av_log_format_line()的声明如下所示。
【函数声明定义】
点击查看代码
/**
* Format a line of log the same way as the default callback.
* @param line buffer to receive the formated line
* @param line_size size of the buffer
* @param print_prefix used to store whether the prefix must be printed;
* must point to a persistent integer initially set to 1
*/
void av_log_format_line(void *ptr, int level, const char *fmt, va_list vl,
char *line, int line_size, int *print_prefix);
void av_log_format_line(void *ptr, int level, const char *fmt, va_list vl,
char *line, int line_size, int *print_prefix)
{
AVBPrint part[4];
format_line(ptr, level, fmt, vl, part, print_prefix, NULL);
snprintf(line, line_size, "%s%s%s%s", part[0].str, part[1].str, part[2].str, part[3].str);
av_bprint_finalize(part+3, NULL);
}
从代码中可以看出,首先声明了一个AVBPrint类型的数组,其中包含了4个元素;接着调用format_line()设定格式;最后将设置格式后的AVBPrint数组中的4个元素连接起来。
在这里遇到了一个结构体AVBPrint,它的定义位于libavutil\bprint.h,如下所示
点击查看代码
/**
* Buffer to print data progressively
*
* The string buffer grows as necessary and is always 0-terminated.
* The content of the string is never accessed, and thus is
* encoding-agnostic and can even hold binary data.
*
* Small buffers are kept in the structure itself, and thus require no
* memory allocation at all (unless the contents of the buffer is needed
* after the structure goes out of scope). This is almost as lightweight as
* declaring a local "char buf[512]".
*
* The length of the string can go beyond the allocated size: the buffer is
* then truncated, but the functions still keep account of the actual total
* length.
*
* In other words, buf->len can be greater than buf->size and records the
* total length of what would have been to the buffer if there had been
* enough memory.
*
* Append operations do not need to be tested for failure: if a memory
* allocation fails, data stop being appended to the buffer, but the length
* is still updated. This situation can be tested with
* av_bprint_is_complete().
*
* The size_max field determines several possible behaviours:
*
* size_max = -1 (= UINT_MAX) or any large value will let the buffer be
* reallocated as necessary, with an amortized linear cost.
*
* size_max = 0 prevents writing anything to the buffer: only the total
* length is computed. The write operations can then possibly be repeated in
* a buffer with exactly the necessary size
* (using size_init = size_max = len + 1).
*
* size_max = 1 is automatically replaced by the exact size available in the
* structure itself, thus ensuring no dynamic memory allocation. The
* internal buffer is large enough to hold a reasonable paragraph of text,
* such as the current paragraph.
*/
typedef struct AVBPrint {
FF_PAD_STRUCTURE(1024,
char *str; /**< string so far */
unsigned len; /**< length so far */
unsigned size; /**< allocated memory */
unsigned size_max; /**< maximum allocated memory */
char reserved_internal_buffer[1];
)
} AVBPrint;
点击查看代码
static void format_line(void *avcl, int level, const char *fmt, va_list vl,
AVBPrint part[4], int *print_prefix, int type[2])
{
AVClass* avc = avcl ? *(AVClass **) avcl : NULL;
av_bprint_init(part+0, 0, 1);
av_bprint_init(part+1, 0, 1);
av_bprint_init(part+2, 0, 1);
av_bprint_init(part+3, 0, 65536);
if(type) type[0] = type[1] = AV_CLASS_CATEGORY_NA + 16;
if (*print_prefix && avc) {
if (avc->parent_log_context_offset) {
AVClass** parent = *(AVClass ***) (((uint8_t *) avcl) +
avc->parent_log_context_offset);
if (parent && *parent) {
av_bprintf(part+0, "[%s @ %p] ",
(*parent)->item_name(parent), parent);
if(type) type[0] = get_category(parent);
}
}
av_bprintf(part+1, "[%s @ %p] ",
avc->item_name(avcl), avcl);
if(type) type[1] = get_category(avcl);
if (flags & AV_LOG_PRINT_LEVEL)
av_bprintf(part+2, "[%s] ", get_level_str(level));
}
av_vbprintf(part+3, fmt, vl);
if(*part[0].str || *part[1].str || *part[2].str || *part[3].str) {
char lastc = part[3].len && part[3].len <= part[3].size ? part[3].str[part[3].len - 1] : 0;
*print_prefix = lastc == '\n' || lastc == '\r';
}
}
点击查看代码
/**
* Init a print buffer.
*
* @param buf buffer to init
* @param size_init initial size (including the final 0)
* @param size_max maximum size;
* 0 means do not write anything, just count the length;
* 1 is replaced by the maximum value for automatic storage;
* any large value means that the internal buffer will be
* reallocated as needed up to that limit; -1 is converted to
* UINT_MAX, the largest limit possible.
* Check also AV_BPRINT_SIZE_* macros.
*/
void av_bprint_init(AVBPrint *buf, unsigned size_init, unsigned size_max);
向AVBPrint添加一个字符串的函数av_bprintf()。
/**
* Append a formatted string to a print buffer.
*/
void av_bprintf(AVBPrint *buf, const char *fmt, ...) av_printf_format(2, 3);
向AVBPrint添加一个字符串的函数av_vbprintf (),注意与av_bprintf()的不同在于其第3个参数不一样。
/**
* Append a formatted string to a print buffer.
*/
void av_vbprintf(AVBPrint *buf, const char *fmt, va_list vl_arg);
看完以上几个与AVBPrint相关函数之后,就可以来看一下format_line()的代码了。例如,part[0]对应的是目标结构体的父结构体的名称(如果父结构体存在的话);其打印格式形如“[%s @ %p]”,其中前面的“%s”对应父结构体的名称,“%p”对应其所在的地址。part[1]对应的是目标结构体的名称;其打印格式形如“[%s @ %p]”,其中前面的“%s”对应本结构体的名称,“%p”对应其所在的地址。part[2]用于输出Log的级别,这个字符串只有在flag中设置AV_LOG_PRINT_LEVEL的时候才能打印。part[3]则是打印原本传送进来的文本。将format_line()函数处理后得到的4个字符串连接其来,就可以的到一条完整的Log信息