Java 线程通信

线程通信用来保证线程协调运行,一般在做线程同步的时候才需要考虑线程通信的问题。

1、传统的线程通信

通常利用Objeclt类提供的三个方法:

wait() 导致当前线程等待,并释放该同步监视器的锁定,直到其它线程调用该同步监视器的notify()或者notifyAll()方法唤醒线程。

notify(),唤醒在此同步监视器上等待的线程,如果有多个会任意选择一个唤醒

notifyAll() 唤醒在此同步监视器上等待的所有线程,这些线程通过调度竞争资源后,某个线程获取此同步监视器的锁,然后得以运行。

这三个方法必须由同步监视器对象调用,分为两张情况:

同步方法时,由于同步监视器为this对象,所以可以直接调用这三个方法。

示例如下:

public class SyncMethodThreadCommunication {
    static class DataWrap{
        int data = 0;
        boolean flag = false;
        
        public synchronized void addThreadA(){
            if (flag) {
                try {
                    wait();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            } 
            
            data++;
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " " + data);
            flag = true;
            notify();
        }
        
        public synchronized void addThreadB() {
            if (!flag) {
                try {
                    wait();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            } 
            
            data++;
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " " + data);
            flag = false;
            notify();
        }
    }
    
    static class ThreadA extends Thread {
        private DataWrap data;
        
        public ThreadA(DataWrap dataWrap) {
            this.data = dataWrap;
        }
        
        @Override
        public void run() {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                data.addThreadA();
            }
        }
    }
    
    static class ThreadB extends Thread {
        private DataWrap data;
        
        public ThreadB(DataWrap dataWrap) {
            this.data = dataWrap;
        }
        
        @Override
        public void run() {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                data.addThreadB();
            }
        }
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //实现两个线程轮流对数据进行加一操作
        DataWrap dataWrap = new DataWrap();
        
        new ThreadA(dataWrap).start();
        new ThreadB(dataWrap).start();
    }

}

 

同步代码块时,需要使用监视器对象调用这三个方法。

示例如下:

public class SyncBlockThreadComminication {
    static class DataWrap{
        boolean flag;
        int data;
    }
    
    static class ThreadA extends Thread{
        DataWrap dataWrap;
        
        public ThreadA(DataWrap dataWrap){
            this.dataWrap = dataWrap;
        }
        
        @Override
        public void run() {
            for(int i = 0 ; i < 10; i++) {
                synchronized (dataWrap) {
                    if (dataWrap.flag) {
                        try {
                            dataWrap.wait();
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                    
                    dataWrap.data++;
                    System.out.println(getName() + " " + dataWrap.data);
                    dataWrap.flag = true;
                    dataWrap.notify();
                }    
            }
        }
    }
    
    static class ThreadB extends Thread{
        DataWrap dataWrap;
        
        public ThreadB(DataWrap dataWrap){
            this.dataWrap = dataWrap;
        }
        
        @Override
        public void run() {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                    synchronized (dataWrap) {
                        if (!dataWrap.flag) {
                            try {
                                dataWrap.wait();
                            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                                e.printStackTrace();
                            }
                        }
                        
                        dataWrap.data++;
                        System.out.println(getName() + " " + dataWrap.data);
                        dataWrap.flag = false;
                        dataWrap.notify();
                    }
                }    
            }
            
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //实现两个线程轮流对数据进行加一操作
        
        DataWrap dataWrap = new DataWrap();
        new ThreadA(dataWrap).start();
        new ThreadB(dataWrap).start();
    }

}

2、使用Condition控制线程通信

 当使用Lock对象保证同步时,则使用Condition对象来保证协调。

示例如下:

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

import com.sun.media.sound.RIFFInvalidDataException;

import javafx.scene.chart.PieChart.Data;

public class SyncLockThreadCommunication {
    static class DataWrap {
        int data;
        boolean flag;
        
        private final Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
        private final Condition condition = lock.newCondition();
        
        public void addThreadA() {
            lock.lock();
            try {
                if (flag) {
                    try {
                        condition.await();
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                
                data++;
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " " + data);
                flag = true;
                condition.signal();
            } finally {
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
        
        public void addThreadB() {
            lock.lock();
            try {
                if (!flag) {
                    try {
                        condition.await();
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                
                data++;
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " " + data);
                flag = false;
                condition.signal();
            } finally {
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
    }
    
    static class ThreadA extends Thread{
        DataWrap dataWrap;
        
        public ThreadA(DataWrap dataWrap) {
            this.dataWrap = dataWrap;
        }
        
        @Override
        public void run() {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                dataWrap.addThreadA();
            }
        }
    }
    
    static class ThreadB extends Thread{
        DataWrap dataWrap;
        
        public ThreadB(DataWrap dataWrap) {
            this.dataWrap = dataWrap;
        }
        
        @Override
        public void run() {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                dataWrap.addThreadB();
            }
        }
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //实现两个线程轮流对数据进行加一操作
        
        DataWrap dataWrap = new DataWrap();
        new ThreadA(dataWrap).start();
        new ThreadB(dataWrap).start();
    }

}

其中Condition对象的await(), singal(),singalAll()分别对应wait(),notify()和notifyAll()方法。

3、使用阻塞队列BlockingQueue控制线程通信

BlockingQueue是Queue接口的子接口,主要用来做线程通信使用,它具有一个特征:当生产者线程试图向BlockingQueue中放入元素时,如果队列已满,则该线程被阻塞;当消费者线程试图从BlockingQueue中取出元素时,如果队列已空,则该线程被阻塞。这两个特征分别对应两个支持阻塞的方法,put(E e)和take()

示例如下:

import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;

public class BlockingQueueThreadComminication {
    static class DataWrap{
        int data;
    }
    
    static class ThreadA extends Thread{
        private BlockingQueue<DataWrap> blockingQueue;
        
        public ThreadA(BlockingQueue<DataWrap> blockingQueue, String name) {
            super(name);
            this.blockingQueue = blockingQueue;
        }
        
        @Override
        public void run() {
            for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
                try {
                    DataWrap dataWrap = blockingQueue.take();
                    
                    dataWrap.data++;
                    System.out.println(getName() + " " + dataWrap.data);
                    sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
    static class ThreadB extends Thread{
        private BlockingQueue<DataWrap> blockingQueue;
        private DataWrap dataWrap;
        
        public ThreadB(BlockingQueue<DataWrap> blockingQueue, DataWrap dataWrap, String name) {
            super(name);
            this.blockingQueue = blockingQueue;
            this.dataWrap = dataWrap;
        }
        
        @Override
        public void run() {
            for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
                try {
                    dataWrap.data++;
                    System.out.println(getName() + " " + dataWrap.data);
                    blockingQueue.put(dataWrap);
                    sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ///实现两个线程轮流对数据进行加一操作
        
        DataWrap dataWrap = new DataWrap();
        BlockingQueue<DataWrap> blockingQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(1);
        
        new ThreadA(blockingQueue, "Consumer").start();
        new ThreadB(blockingQueue, dataWrap, "Producer").start();
    }

}

BlockingQueue共有五个实现类:

ArrayBlockingQueue 基于数组实现的BlockingQueue队列

LinkedBlockingQueue 基于链表实现的BlockingQueue队列

PriorityBlockingQueue 中元素需实现Comparable接口,其中元素的排序是按照Comparator进行的定制排序。

SynchronousQueue 同步队列,要求对该队列的存取操作必须是交替进行。

DelayQueue 集合元素必须实现Delay接口,队列中元素排序按照Delay接口方法getDelay()的返回值进行排序。

posted on 2016-03-25 12:03  赵杰A-124  阅读(321)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报

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