Linux Direct 文件读写(文件DIO)
有时候,读写文件并不想要使用系统缓存(page cache),此时 direct 文件读写就派上了用场,使用方法:
(1)打开文件时,添加O_DIRECT参数:
需要定义_GNU_SOURCE,否则找不到O_DIRECT宏定义
示例片段:
#define _GNU_SOURCE #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <fcntl.h> int fd = open("test.out", O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_DIRECT, 0644);
(2)读写操作的传输数据大小和缓冲区地址都需要按照一定的规则对齐:
Linux下,对于不同的文件系统和内核版本,需要的对齐边界不同,也没有统一的接口可以获取到该边界值。
对于kernel 2.4版本:传输大小和缓冲区地址均需要按照访问文件系统的逻辑块大小对齐,比如文件系统的块大小是4K,buffer地址需要按照4K对齐,需要读写4K倍数的数据
对于kernel 2.6版本:传输大小和缓冲区地址按照目标存储设备的扇区大小(一般512)对齐
可使用memalign (malloc.h)来分配指定地址对齐的资源接口:void *memalign(size_t boundary, size_t size);
完整示例程序:
#define _GNU_SOURCE #include <sys/types.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <malloc.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <errno.h> #include <string.h> int main(void) { char hello_str[] = "Hello World!"; void *write_buffer; void *read_buffer; int fd; int ret = 0; fd = open("test.out", O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_DIRECT, 0644); if (fd < 0) { printf("Failed to open file\n"); return fd; } /* allocate a 1024 bytes buffer */ write_buffer = memalign(512, 512 * 2); // align by 512 if (!write_buffer) { printf("Failed to alloc write buffer\n"); ret = -ENOMEM; goto bad_write_buffer; } memcpy(write_buffer, hello_str, sizeof(hello_str)); ret = write(fd, write_buffer, 512 * 2); if (ret < 0) { printf("Failed to write file\n"); goto bad_write; } lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET); // read previous write data read_buffer = memalign(512, 512 * 2); if (!read_buffer) { printf("Failed to alloc read buffer\n"); ret = -ENOMEM; goto bad_read_buffer; } ret = read(fd, read_buffer, 512 * 2); if (ret <0) { printf("Failed to read file\n"); goto bad_read; } printf("read from file : %s\n", read_buffer); bad_read: free(read_buffer); bad_read_buffer: bad_write: free(write_buffer); bad_write_buffer: close(fd); return ret; }
引用Linus的话:
"The thing that has always disturbed me about O_DIRECT is that the whole interface is just stupid, and was probably designed by a deranged monkey on some serious mind-controlling substances."—Linus(O_DIRECT就是一坨屎)
PS:
O_DIRECT的详细描述,可以看linux open系统调用的文档:http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/open.2.html