[转]Memory Management Functions

General Memory Functions

The following functions are used in memory management.

Function	Description
CopyMemory	Copies a block of memory from one location to another.复制内存，第一个参数为目的地址，第二个参数为源地址，第三个参数为复制数据的大小，单位为字节。
CreateMemoryResourceNotification	Creates a memory resource notification object.
FillMemory	Fills a block of memory with a specified value.填充内存，将一段内存填充为同一个值。
GetLargePageMinimum	Retrieves the minimum size of a large page.
GetSystemFileCacheSize	Retrieves the current size limits for the working set of the system cache.
GetWriteWatch	Retrieves the addresses of the pages that have been written to in a region of virtual memory.
GlobalMemoryStatus	Obtains information about the system's current usage of both physical and virtual memory.
GlobalMemoryStatusEx	Obtains information about the system's current usage of both physical and virtual memory.
MoveMemory	Moves a block of memory from one location to another.功能类是copymemory，不过源地址和目的地址可以相同。
QueryMemoryResourceNotification	Retrieves the state of the specified memory resource object.
ResetWriteWatch	Resets the write-tracking state for a region of virtual memory.
SecureZeroMemory	Fills a block of memory with zeros.
SetSystemFileCacheSize	Limits the size of the working set for the file system cache.
ZeroMemory	Fills a block of memory with zeros.将指定内存区域清零。

Data Execution Prevention Functions

The following functions are used with Data Execution Prevention (DEP).

Function	Description
GetProcessDEPPolicy	Retrieves DEP settings for a process.
GetSystemDEPPolicy	Retrieves DEP settings for the system.
SetProcessDEPPolicy	Changes DEP settings for a process.

File Mapping Functions

The following functions are used in file mapping.

Function	Description
CreateFileMapping	Creates or opens a named or unnamed file mapping object for a specified file.
CreateFileMappingNuma	Creates or opens a named or unnamed file mapping object for a specified file, and specifies the NUMA node for the physical memory.
FlushViewOfFile	Writes to the disk a byte range within a mapped view of a file.
GetMappedFileName	Checks whether the specified address is within a memory-mapped file in the address space of the specified process. If so, the function returns the name of the memory-mapped file.
MapViewOfFile	Maps a view of a file mapping into the address space of a calling process.
MapViewOfFileEx	Maps a view of a file mapping into the address space of a calling process. A caller can optionally specify a suggested memory address for the view.
MapViewOfFileExNuma	Maps a view of a file mapping into the address space of a calling process, and specifies the NUMA node for the physical memory.
OpenFileMapping	Opens a named file mapping object.
UnmapViewOfFile	Unmaps a mapped view of a file from the calling process's address space.

AWE Functions

The following are the AWE functions.

Function	Description
AllocateUserPhysicalPages	Allocates physical memory pages to be mapped and unmapped within any AWE region of the process.
FreeUserPhysicalPages	Frees physical memory pages previously allocated with AllocateUserPhysicalPages.
MapUserPhysicalPages	Maps previously allocated physical memory pages at the specified address within an AWE region.
MapUserPhysicalPagesScatter	Maps previously allocated physical memory pages at the specified address within an AWE region.

Heap Functions

The following are the heap functions.

Function	Description
GetProcessHeap	Obtains a handle to the heap of the calling process.获取当前进程的一个堆，返回一个堆句柄。
GetProcessHeaps	Obtains handles to all of the heaps that are valid for the calling process.获取进程中所有的堆，包括堆的数量和各个堆的句柄。
HeapAlloc	Allocates a block of memory from a heap.从指定堆上面分配内存块。
HeapCompact	Attempts to compact a specified heap.
HeapCreate	Creates a heap object.为进程创建堆，返回一个堆句柄。
HeapDestroy	Destroys the specified heap object.销毁由heapalloc和heaprealloc所分配的内存
HeapFree	Frees a memory block allocated from a heap.释放有heapcreate所分配的内存
HeapLock	Attempts to acquire the lock associated with a specified heap.将globalalloc和globrealloc分配的属性为GMEM_MOVEABLE的内存块设为固定
HeapQueryInformation	Retrieves information about the specified heap.
HeapReAlloc	Reallocates a block of memory from a heap.重新分配内存，改变已经分配好了的堆内存块大小。
HeapSetInformation	Sets heap information for the specified heap.
HeapSize	Retrieves the size of a memory block allocated from a heap.获取指定堆的大小，以字节位单位返回堆大小的信息。
HeapUnlock	Releases ownership of the lock associated with a specified heap.
HeapValidate	Attempts to validate a specified heap.
HeapWalk	Enumerates the memory blocks in a specified heap.

Virtual Memory Functions

The following are the virtual memory functions.

Function	Description
VirtualAlloc	Reserves or commits a region of pages in the virtual address space of the calling process.“保留”或“提交”内存页面，将“空闲的”内存页面变为“保留的”或“已提交的”，将“保留的”页面变为“提交的”。
VirtualAllocEx	Reserves or commits a region of pages in the virtual address space of the specified process.类似VirtualAlloc功能，不过可以为其他进程分配内存。
VirtualAllocExNuma	Reserves or commits a region of memory within the virtual address space of the specified process, and specifies the NUMA node for the physical memory.
VirtualFree	Releases or decommits a region of pages within the virtual address space of the calling process.将内存状态从“已提交的”变为“保留的”，或将“保留的”变为“空闲的”，或同时进行。
VirtualFreeEx	Releases or decommits a region of memory within the virtual address space of a specified process.释放有virtualallocex分配的内存，功能、使用方法和virtualfree类似。
VirtualLock	Locks the specified region of the process's virtual address space into physical memory.
VirtualProtect	Changes the access protection on a region of committed pages in the virtual address space of the calling process.改变指定虚拟内存分页的保护属性。
VirtualProtectEx	Changes the access protection on a region of committed pages in the virtual address space of the calling process.
VirtualQuery	Provides information about a range of pages in the virtual address space of the calling process.
VirtualQueryEx	Provides information about a range of pages in the virtual address space of the calling process.
VirtualUnlock	Unlocks a specified range of pages in the virtual address space of a process.

Global and Local Functions

The following are the global and local functions. These functions are slower than other memory management functions and do not provide as many features. Therefore, new applications should use the heap functions. However, the global functions are still used with DDE and the clipboard functions.

Function	Description
GlobalAlloc	Allocates the specified number of bytes from the heap.
GlobalDiscard	Discards the specified global memory block.
GlobalFlags	Returns information about the specified global memory object.
GlobalFree	Frees the specified global memory object.
GlobalHandle	Retrieves the handle associated with the specified pointer to a global memory block.
GlobalLock	Locks a global memory object and returns a pointer to the first byte of the object's memory block.
GlobalReAlloc	Changes the size or attributes of a specified global memory object.
GlobalSize	Retrieves the current size of the specified global memory object.
GlobalUnlock	Decrements the lock count associated with a memory object.
LocalAlloc	Allocates the specified number of bytes from the heap.
LocalDiscard	Discards the specified local memory object.
LocalFlags	Returns information about the specified local memory object.
LocalFree	Frees the specified local memory object.
LocalHandle	Retrieves the handle associated with the specified pointer to a local memory object.
LocalLock	Locks a local memory object and returns a pointer to the first byte of the object's memory block.
LocalReAlloc	Changes the size or the attributes of a specified local memory object.
LocalSize	Returns the current size of the specified local memory object.
LocalUnlock	Decrements the lock count associated with a memory object.

Obsolete Functions

The following functions are provided only for compatibility with 16-bit versions of Windows:

· IsBadCodePtr判定调用进程是否拥有对指定地址内存的读操作权限

· IsBadReadPtr判定调用进程是否拥有对指定地址段内存的读操作权限

· IsBadStringPtr判定调用进程是否拥有对指定字符串指针的读取权限

· IsBadWritePtr判断调用进程是否拥有对指定地址段内存的写操作权限

 

Build date: 8/15/2007

【参考资料 感谢作者】
1、摘自MSDN2008本地