sed高阶用法

sed高级用法

a 追加

[root@localhost ~]# cat test
hello world
jjjd
aaaaaaa
//向第二行后面追加'hi world'
[root@localhost ~]# sed '2ahi world' test
hello world
jjjd
hi world
aaaaaaa

//过滤包含'world'的行，在其后面追加'hi world'
[root@localhost ~]# sed '/world/ahi world' test
hello world
hi world
jjjd
aaaaaaa

i 插入

[root@localhost ~]# cat test 
hello world
jjjd
aaaaaaa

//在第一行插入'hhhh'
[root@localhost ~]# sed '1ihhhh' test
hhhh
hello world
jjjd
aaaaaaa

//过滤包含'jd'的行，插入'hhhh'
[root@localhost ~]# sed '/jd/ihhhh' test
hello world
hhhh
jjjd
aaaaaaa

c 更改

[root@localhost ~]# cat test 
hello world
jjjd
aaaaaaa

//将第一行更改为'hi world'
[root@localhost ~]# sed '1chi world' test
hi world
jjjd
aaaaaaa

//过滤包含'world'的行，更改为'HEELO WORLD'
[root@localhost ~]# sed '/world/cHELLO WORLD' test
HELLO WORLD
jjjd
aaaaaaa

y 替换，与's///g'不同的是，y可以将指定的多个单个字符进行替换

[root@localhost ~]# cat test
hello world
jjjd
aaaaaaa

//将文件里的a全部替换为h，h全部替换为a
[root@localhost ~]# sed 'y/ah/ha/' test
aello world
jjjd
hhhhhhh

//可以使用，这种方式进行大小写替换，将文件里的j全部变为大写
[root@localhost ~]# sed 'y/j/J/' test
hello world
JJJd
aaaaaaa

d 删除

[root@localhost ~]# cat test
hello world
jjjd
aaaaaaa

//删除第一行
[root@localhost ~]# vim test 
[root@localhost ~]# sed '1d' test 
jjjd
aaaaaaa

//删除包含'hello'的行
[root@localhost ~]# sed '/hello/d' test 
jjjd
aaaaaaa

D 删除，删除模式空间中直到第一个包含换行符的这部分内容

[root@localhost ~]# cat test
This line is followed by 1 blank line

This line is followed by 2 blank line


This line is followed by 3 blank line



This line is followed by 4 blank line




This is th end


[root@localhost ~]# sed '/^$/{N;/^\n$/d}' test
This line is followed by 1 blank line

This line is followed by 2 blank line
This line is followed by 3 blank line

This line is followed by 4 blank line
This is th end

//换成D试一试
[root@localhost ~]# sed '/^$/{N;/^\n$/D}' test
This line is followed by 1 blank line

This line is followed by 2 blank line

This line is followed by 3 blank line

This line is followed by 4 blank line

This is th end

p 打印 会打印匹配到的行

[root@localhost ~]# cat test 
hello world
jjjd
aaaaaaa

//打印第二行，但是会发现，第二行打印了两次，这是因为模式空间和sed的默认输出功能没有区分开，所以要使用-n抑制默认的输出
[root@localhost ~]# sed '2p' test
hello world
jjjd
jjjd
aaaaaaa
[root@localhost ~]# sed -n '2p' test
jjjd

打印以'world'结尾的行
[root@localhost ~]# sed -n '/world$/p' test
hello world

P 打印 打印匹配的行的开端到第一个换行符结束

[root@localhost ~]# cat test 
hello world
jjjd
aaaaaaa

[root@localhost ~]# sed -n '/world/{N;P}' test
hello world

//换成p试试
[root@localhost ~]# sed -n '/world/{N;p}' test
hello world
jjjd

n 读取当前匹配行的下一行

[root@localhost ~]# cat test
hello world
jjjd
aaaaaaa

//匹配'world'，将world的下一行放入模式空间，然后p打印,并用-n抑制sed的默认打印功能
[root@localhost ~]# sed -n '/world$/{n;p}' test
jjjd

N 读取当前匹配的行并和下一行一起追加到模式空间

[root@localhost ~]# cat test 
Consult Section 3.1 in the Owner and Operator
Guide for a description of the tape drives
available on your system.

//匹配以'Operator'结尾的行，将其和下一行追加到模式空间，进行替换
[root@localhost ~]# sed '/Operator$/{N;s/Owner and Operator\nGuide /installation Guide\n/g}' test
Consult Section 3.1 in the installation Guide
for a description of the tape drives
available on your system.

//如果在替换过后'Guide'不进行换行的话，效果如下
[root@localhost ~]# sed '/Operator$/{N;s/Owner and Operator\nGuide/installation Guide/g}' test
Consult Section 3.1 in the installation Guide for a description of the tape drives
available on your system.

h 将模式空间的内容复制到保持空间

H 将模式空间的内容追加到保持空间

g 将保持空间的内容复制到模式空间

G 将保持空间的内容追加到模式空间

[root@localhost ~]# sed  '/1/{h;d};/2/g' test
1
11
111

[root@localhost ~]# sed  '/1/{h;d};/2/G' test
2
1
22
11
222
111

[root@localhost ~]# sed  '/1/{H;d};/2/g' test

1

1
11

1
11
111

[root@localhost ~]# sed  '/1/{H;d};/2/G' test
2

1
22

1
11
222

1
11
111

x 交换保持空间和模式空间的内容

[root@localhost ~]# sed  '/1/{H;d};/2/x' test

1
2
11
22
111