【Unity3D】激光灯、碰撞特效
1 需求描述
本文将模拟激光灯（或碰撞）特效，详细需求如下：
- 从鼠标位置发射屏幕射线，检测是否与物体发生碰撞
- 当与物体发生碰撞时，在物体表面覆盖一层激光灯（或碰撞）特效
本文代码见→激光灯、碰撞特效
2 原理
获取屏幕射线与物体的碰撞点，并在 shader 中计算顶点与碰撞点的距离（记为 dist），通过以下衰减函数计算顶点对应的透明度，透明度随碰撞点的距离增大逐渐减小，激光灯（或碰撞）效果逐渐减弱。
alpha = pow(exp(-dist), 4)
为使特效更加逼真，激光灯（或碰撞）特效的红色分量由以下漫反射公式控制。其中，red 为红色分量值，λ 为漫反射因子，值越大，漫反射效果越强，本文 λ = 0.1；lightDir 为顶点光源向量，normalDir 为顶点法线向量。
red = λ * dot(lightDir, normalDir) + (1 - λ)
3 需求实现
SelectController.cs
using UnityEngine;
public class SelectController : MonoBehaviour { // 单击选中控制
private Transform target; // 选中的目标
private RaycastHit hit; // 碰撞信息
private void Update() {
if (Input.GetMouseButtonUp(0)) {
Transform temp = GetHitTrans();
if (temp != target) {
DrawEffect(target, temp);
target = temp;
}
}
}
private void DrawEffect(Transform old, Transform now) { // 绘制特效
DrawEffect(old, false);
DrawEffect(now, true);
}
private void DrawEffect(Transform trans, bool enable) { // 绘制特效
if (trans != null) {
foreach(Transform child in trans.transform.GetComponents<Transform>()) {
if (child.GetComponent<ColliderEffect>() == null) {
if (enable) {
child.gameObject.AddComponent<ColliderEffect>();
}
}
else {
child.GetComponent<ColliderEffect>().enabled = enable;
}
}
}
}
private Transform GetHitTrans() { // 获取屏幕射线碰撞的物体
Ray ray = Camera.main.ScreenPointToRay(Input.mousePosition);
if (Physics.Raycast(ray, out hit)) {
return hit.transform;
}
return null;
}
}
ColliderEffect.cs
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using UnityEngine;
[DisallowMultipleComponent]
public class ColliderEffect : MonoBehaviour { // 激光灯(或碰撞)特效
private Renderer[] renderers; // 当前对象及其子对象的渲染器
private Material colliderMaterial; // 激光灯(碰撞)材质
private Vector4 hitPos; // 碰撞点
private RaycastHit hit; // 碰撞信息
private void Awake() {
renderers = GetComponentsInChildren<Renderer>();
colliderMaterial = new Material(Shader.Find("MyShader/ColliderEffect"));
hitPos = Vector4.zero;
CombineSubmeshes();
}
private void OnEnable() {
hitPos = GetHitPoint();
colliderMaterial.SetVector("_HitPos", hitPos);
foreach (var renderer in renderers) {
List<Material> materials = renderer.sharedMaterials.ToList();
materials.Add(colliderMaterial);
renderer.sharedMaterials = materials.ToArray();
}
}
private void Update() {
hitPos = GetHitPoint();
if (!hitPos.Equals(Vector4.zero)) {
colliderMaterial.SetInt("_Enable", 1);
colliderMaterial.SetVector("_HitPos", hitPos);
} else {
colliderMaterial.SetInt("_Enable", 0);
}
}
private void OnDisable() {
foreach (var renderer in renderers) {
List<Material> materials = renderer.sharedMaterials.ToList();
materials.Remove(colliderMaterial);
renderer.sharedMaterials = materials.ToArray();
}
}
private Vector4 GetHitPoint() {
Ray ray = Camera.main.ScreenPointToRay(Input.mousePosition);
if (Physics.Raycast(ray, out hit, 1000) && hit.transform == transform) {
return hit.point;
}
return Vector4.zero;
}
private void CombineSubmeshes() { // 绑定子网格
foreach (var meshFilter in GetComponentsInChildren<MeshFilter>()) {
var renderer = meshFilter.GetComponent<Renderer>();
if (renderer != null) {
CombineSubmeshes(meshFilter.sharedMesh, renderer.sharedMaterials.Length);
}
}
foreach (var skinnedMeshRenderer in GetComponentsInChildren<SkinnedMeshRenderer>()) {
CombineSubmeshes(skinnedMeshRenderer.sharedMesh, skinnedMeshRenderer.sharedMaterials.Length);
}
}
private void CombineSubmeshes(Mesh mesh, int materialsLength) { // 绑定子网格
if (mesh.subMeshCount == 1) {
return;
}
if (mesh.subMeshCount > materialsLength) {
return;
}
mesh.subMeshCount++;
mesh.SetTriangles(mesh.triangles, mesh.subMeshCount - 1);
}
}
ColliderEffect.shader
Shader "MyShader/ColliderEffect" {
Properties {
_HitPos ("HitPos", Vector) = (0, 0, 0, 0) // 屏幕射线碰撞位置
_Enable ("Enable", Int) = 0 // 是否开启特效
}
SubShader {
Tags {
// 渲染队列: Background(1000, 后台)、Geometry(2000, 几何体, 默认)、Transparent(3000, 透明)、Overlay(4000, 覆盖)
"Queue" = "Transparent+110"
"RenderType" = "Transparent"
"DisableBatching" = "True"
}
Pass {
Blend SrcAlpha OneMinusSrcAlpha // 混合测试, 与背后的物体颜色混合
CGPROGRAM
#include "UnityCG.cginc"
#pragma vertex vert
#pragma fragment frag
uniform int _Enable;
uniform float4 _HitPos;
struct appdata {
float4 vertex : POSITION;
float3 normal : NORMAL;
};
struct v2f {
float4 pos : SV_POSITION;
float4 worldPos : TEXCOORD0;
float3 worldNormal : Normal;
};
v2f vert(appdata v) {
v2f o;
o.pos = UnityObjectToClipPos(v.vertex); // 裁剪坐标系下顶点坐标
o.worldPos = mul(unity_ObjectToWorld, v.vertex); // 世界坐标系下顶点坐标
o.worldNormal = UnityObjectToWorldNormal(v.normal); // 世界坐标系下顶点法线向量
return o;
}
fixed4 frag(v2f i) : SV_Target {
if(_Enable == 1) {
float3 worldLightDir = normalize(UnityWorldSpaceLightDir(i.worldPos)); // 世界坐标系下由顶点指向光源的方向向量
float diffuse = 0.1 * dot(worldLightDir, i.worldNormal) + 0.9; // 漫反射颜色强度
float dist = distance(i.worldPos, _HitPos);
float alpha = pow(exp(-dist), 4); // 透明度(随距离衰减)
return float4(diffuse , 0, 0, alpha);
} else {
return float4(0, 0, 0, 0);
}
}
ENDCG
}
}
}
4 运行效果
5 推荐阅读
声明：本文转自【Unity3D】激光灯、碰撞特效
