System.Windows.Forms.Control.Invoke与BeginInvoke
WinForm的UI对象只能在UI线程中操作,在非UI线程中操作UI对象,会引发不可预知的错误,这时就需要用到Control.Invoke或者Control.BeginInvoke。
用户线程调用Control.BeginInvoke会向UI消息队列发送一个带委托消息,Control.BeginInvoke不会阻塞用户线程,直接返回IAsyncResult对象。
用户线程调用Control.EndInvoke(IAsyncResult),Control.EndInvoke会阻塞用户线程,直到委托执行完成,并返回委托的返回值。没有返回值返回null。
Control.Invoke相当于Control.BeginInvoke和Control.EndInvoke的合体,会阻塞用户线程,直到委托执行完成,并返回委托的返回值。没有返回值返回null。
根据类继承关系,在窗口中可以直接使用BeginInvoke、EndInvoke、Invoke。
System.Object
System.MarshalByRefObject
System.ComponentModel.Component
System.Windows.Forms.Control
System.Windows.Forms.ScrollableControl
System.Windows.Forms.ContainerControl
System.Windows.Forms.Form
实验示例:
窗体:
代码:
public partial class Form1 : Form { public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); } private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { // 在非UI线程中操作UI对象,调试运行会报错。 // 直接运行会使程序置于不可预知风险之中。 new Thread(() => { progressBar1.Value = 100; }).Start(); } private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { new Thread(() => { var result = this.Invoke(new Func<int, int, string>((n1, n2) => { for(int i = 0; i <= 100; i += 10) { progressBar1.Value = i; Thread.Sleep(200); } return (n1+n2).ToString(); }), 100, 21); MessageBox.Show(result.GetType().ToString() + ":" + result); }).Start(); } private void button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { new Thread(() => { IAsyncResult asyncResult = this.BeginInvoke(new Func<int, int, string>((n1, n2) => { for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i += 10) { progressBar1.Value = i; Thread.Sleep(200); } return (n1 + n2).ToString(); }), 200, 32); MessageBox.Show("BeginInvoke不会阻塞"); var result = this.EndInvoke(asyncResult); MessageBox.Show("EndInvoke会阻塞," + result.GetType().ToString() + ":" + result); }).Start(); } private void button4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { // 连续给两个委托,由于UI线程只有一个,两个委托只能先后执行 new Thread(() => { IAsyncResult asyncResult1 = this.BeginInvoke(new Func<int, int, string>((n1, n2) => { for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i += 10) { progressBar1.Value = i; Thread.Sleep(200); } return (n1 + n2).ToString(); }), 200, 32); IAsyncResult asyncResult2 = this.BeginInvoke(new Func<int, int, string>((n1, n2) => { for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i += 10) { progressBar2.Value = i; Thread.Sleep(200); } return (n1 + n2).ToString(); }), 400, 64); MessageBox.Show("BeginInvoke不会阻塞"); var result1 = this.EndInvoke(asyncResult1); MessageBox.Show("EndInvoke(asyncResult1)返回"); var result2 = this.EndInvoke(asyncResult2); MessageBox.Show("EndInvoke(asyncResult2)返回"); MessageBox.Show( result1.GetType().ToString() + ":" + result1 + "\r\n" + result2.GetType().ToString() + ":" + result2); }).Start(); } private void button5_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { // 要等精度条更新完成后,点击才能响应 MessageBox.Show("ha"); } private void button6_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { progressBar1.Value = 0; progressBar2.Value = 0; } }