Leetcode练习(Python)：树类：第116题：填充每个节点的下一个右侧节点指针：给定一个完美二叉树，其所有叶子节点都在同一层，每个父节点都有两个子节点。

题目：

填充每个节点的下一个右侧节点指针：给定一个完美二叉树，其所有叶子节点都在同一层，每个父节点都有两个子节点。

给定一个完美二叉树，其所有叶子节点都在同一层，每个父节点都有两个子节点。二叉树定义如下：

struct Node {
int val;
Node *left;
Node *right;
Node *next;
}
填充它的每个 next 指针，让这个指针指向其下一个右侧节点。如果找不到下一个右侧节点，则将 next 指针设置为 NULL。

初始状态下，所有 next 指针都被设置为 NULL。

 

示例：

 

输入：{"$id":"1","left":{"$id":"2","left":{"$id":"3","left":null,"next":null,"right":null,"val":4},"next":null,"right":{"$id":"4","left":null,"next":null,"right":null,"val":5},"val":2},"next":null,"right":{"$id":"5","left":{"$id":"6","left":null,"next":null,"right":null,"val":6},"next":null,"right":{"$id":"7","left":null,"next":null,"right":null,"val":7},"val":3},"val":1}

输出：{"$id":"1","left":{"$id":"2","left":{"$id":"3","left":null,"next":{"$id":"4","left":null,"next":{"$id":"5","left":null,"next":{"$id":"6","left":null,"next":null,"right":null,"val":7},"right":null,"val":6},"right":null,"val":5},"right":null,"val":4},"next":{"$id":"7","left":{"$ref":"5"},"next":null,"right":{"$ref":"6"},"val":3},"right":{"$ref":"4"},"val":2},"next":null,"right":{"$ref":"7"},"val":1}

解释：给定二叉树如图 A 所示，你的函数应该填充它的每个 next 指针，以指向其下一个右侧节点，如图 B 所示。
 

提示：

你只能使用常量级额外空间。
使用递归解题也符合要求，本题中递归程序占用的栈空间不算做额外的空间复杂度。

思路：

使用递归来解，分为左子树和右子树就好。主要是找规律。

程序：

"""
# Definition for a Node.
class Node:
    def __init__(self, val: int = 0, left: 'Node' = None, right: 'Node' = None, next: 'Node' = None):
        self.val = val
        self.left = left
        self.right = right
        self.next = next
"""

class Solution:
    def connect(self, root: 'Node') -> 'Node':
        if not root:
            return root
        if root and root.left:
            root.left.next = root.right
            if root.next:
                root.right.next = root.next.left
        self.connect(root.left)
        self.connect(root.right)
        return root

　　

程序2：层序

"""
# Definition for a Node.
class Node:
    def __init__(self, val: int = 0, left: 'Node' = None, right: 'Node' = None, next: 'Node' = None):
        self.val = val
        self.left = left
        self.right = right
        self.next = next
"""

class Solution:
    def connect(self, root: 'Node') -> 'Node':
        if not root:
            return root
        root.next = None
        current = root
        next_level_left = current.left
        while next_level_left:
            current.left.next = current.right
            if current.next:
                current.right.next = current.next.left
                current = current.next
            else:
                current.right.next = None
                current = next_level_left
                next_level_left = current.left
        return root