Python之psutil-进程管理

在给PC端应用做自动化测试或者监测应用性能时，不可避免的会与进程管理打交道，python中的psutil模块能够帮助我们处理进程，它主要用于系统监视、分析和限制进程资源以及管理正在运行的进程。一起来了解psutil的用法吧。

import psutil

# 获取所有正在运行的进程PID
pid_list = psutil.pids()
print(pid_list)

# 获取指定PID的进程
p = psutil.Process(19712)
print(p)
print("进程名:", p.name())
print("进程的可执行绝对路径：", p.exe())
print("进程当前的工作目录：", p.cwd())
print("调用此进程的命令行：", p.cmdline())
print("进程PID：", p.pid)
print("进程的父PID：", p.ppid())
print("进程的子进程：", p.children())
print("进程的父进程(对象)：", p.parent())
print("进程的父进程(列表)：", p.parents())
print("进程的状态：", p.status())
print("拥有该进程的用户：", p.username())
print("进程创建的时间：", p.create_time())
print("进程累计的时间：", p.cpu_times())
print("进程的CPU占用率：", p.cpu_percent())
print("进程的CPU亲和性：", p.cpu_affinity())
print("进程的内存信息：", p.memory_info())
print("进程的内存占用率：", p.memory_percent())
print("进程映射的内存区域：", p.memory_maps())
print("进程的I/O信息：", p.io_counters())
print("进程打开的文件信息：", p.open_files())
print("进程打开的套接字连接：", p.connections())
print("进程使用的线程数：", p.num_threads())
print("进程打开的线程：", p.threads())
print("进程执行的上下文切换数量：", p.num_ctx_switches())
print("进程的优先级(带参数则可设置优先级)：", p.nice())
print("进程的I/O优先级(带参数则可设置优先级)：", p.ionice())
print("进程的环境变量：", p.environ())
print("进程信息（字典）：", p.as_dict())
print("进程是否正在运行：", p.is_running())

运行结果：

[0, 4, 120, 128, 476, 492, 548, 616, 632, 756, 776, 872, 884, 940, 944, 952, 1068, 1124, 1132, 1204, 1264, 1328, 1336, 1344, 1436, 1444, 1480, 1524, 1552, 1596, 1612, 1656, 1764, 1776, 1784, 1788, 1804, 1836, 1860, 1916, 1924, 1932, 1940, 1948, 1992, 2036, 2044, 2100, 2108, 2172, 2188, 2256, 2380, 2400, 2588, 2680, 2748, 2816, 2828, 2900, 2944, 2968, 3060, 3068, 3088, 3156, 3272, 3328, 3348, 3456, 3468, 3704, 3720, 3776, 3784, 3896, 3904, 3920, 3928, 3952, 3960, 3988, 4004, 4048, 4056, 4068, 4088, 4100, 4124, 4160, 4172, 4372, 4428, 4444, 4472, 4492, 4504, 4520, 4536, 4588, 4600, 4616, 4628, 4640, 4764, 4888, 4896, 4928, 4944, 4952, 5052, 5068, 5140, 5192, 5228, 5288, 5588, 5616, 5652, 5808, 5832, 5856, 5980, 6288, 6364, 6388, 6436, 6456, 6556, 6716, 6776, 7144, 7452, 7508, 7516, 8072, 8248, 8284, 8372, 8408, 8440, 8604, 8612, 8620, 8628, 8632, 8788, 8832, 8852, 9028, 9096, 9116, 9136, 9376, 9572, 9692, 9700, 9788, 10384, 10460, 10480, 11052, 11096, 11272, 11320, 11544, 11656, 11992, 12012, 12136, 12196, 12244, 12556, 12640, 12788, 12860, 12892, 12948, 12984, 13028, 13036, 13192, 13280, 13476, 13644, 13692, 14228, 14464, 14576, 14640, 15088, 15248, 15560, 15644, 15708, 15720, 16072, 16184, 16496, 16616, 16848, 16924, 17004, 17084, 17208, 17484, 17688, 17848, 17852, 17888, 17920, 18184, 18384, 18476, 18616, 18664, 18676, 18868, 19036, 19044, 19052, 19648, 19712, 19880, 19916, 20524, 21220]
psutil.Process(pid=19712, name='chrome.exe', status='running', started='09:52:53')
进程名: chrome.exe
进程的可执行绝对路径： C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe
进程当前的工作目录： C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\92.0.4515.159
调用此进程的命令行： ['C:\\Program Files\\Google\\Chrome\\Application\\chrome.exe', '--single-argument', 'https://www.cnblogs.com/zhuosanxun/']
进程PID： 19712
进程的父PID： 15460
进程的子进程： [psutil.Process(pid=18616, name='chrome.exe', status='running', started='09:52:55'), psutil.Process(pid=19036, name='chrome.exe', status='running', started='09:52:55'), psutil.Process(pid=21220, name='chrome.exe', status='running', started='09:52:56'), psutil.Process(pid=15644, name='chrome.exe', status='running', started='09:52:56'), psutil.Process(pid=12984, name='chrome.exe', status='running', started='09:53:00'), psutil.Process(pid=15560, name='chrome.exe', status='running', started='09:53:02'), psutil.Process(pid=14640, name='chrome.exe', status='running', started='13:56:57'), psutil.Process(pid=18676, name='chrome.exe', status='running', started='13:57:04'), psutil.Process(pid=17920, name='chrome.exe', status='running', started='14:25:33'), psutil.Process(pid=12860, name='chrome.exe', status='running', started='14:25:33'), psutil.Process(pid=20524, name='chrome.exe', status='running', started='14:25:35'), psutil.Process(pid=13476, name='chrome.exe', status='running', started='14:25:36'), psutil.Process(pid=15248, name='chrome.exe', status='running', started='14:25:40'), psutil.Process(pid=18384, name='chrome.exe', status='running', started='15:22:36'), psutil.Process(pid=18664, name='chrome.exe', status='running', started='15:24:29'), psutil.Process(pid=1264, name='chrome.exe', status='running', started='16:02:34'), psutil.Process(pid=15088, name='chrome.exe', status='running', started='16:03:11'), psutil.Process(pid=5808, name='chrome.exe', status='running', started='16:07:09')]
进程的父进程(对象)： None
进程的父进程(列表)： []
进程的状态： running
拥有该进程的用户： ZHUOSANXUN
进程创建的时间： 1630029173.4227092
进程累计的时间： pcputimes(user=39.265625, system=45.015625, children_user=0.0, children_system=0.0)
进程的CPU占用率： 0.0
进程的CPU亲和性： [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
进程的内存信息： pmem(rss=213168128, vms=106442752, num_page_faults=473883, peak_wset=255324160, wset=213168128, peak_paged_pool=1505928, paged_pool=1368072, peak_nonpaged_pool=122576, nonpaged_pool=87992, pagefile=106442752, peak_pagefile=150011904, private=106442752)
进程的内存占用率： 0.831386514295062
进程映射的内存区域： [pmmap_grouped(path='C:\\Windows\\System32\\locale.nls', rss=806912), pmmap_grouped(path='C:\\Windows\\System32\\Speech\\Common\\sapi.dll', rss=1572864)]
进程的I/O信息： pio(read_count=281720, write_count=319164, read_bytes=206467227, write_bytes=439586421, other_count=243763, other_bytes=4205642)
进程打开的文件信息： [popenfile(path='C:\\Program Files\\Google\\Chrome\\Application\\92.0.4515.159\\icudtl.dat', fd=-1), popenfile(path='C:\\Windows\\Fonts\\consola.ttf', fd=-1)]
进程打开的套接字连接： [pconn(fd=-1, family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, type=<SocketKind.SOCK_DGRAM: 2>, laddr=addr(ip='0.0.0.0', port=5353), raddr=(), status='NONE')]
进程使用的线程数： 41
进程打开的线程： [pthread(id=1912, user_time=22.359375, system_time=18.890625), pthread(id=15464, user_time=0.0, system_time=0.0), pthread(id=18828, user_time=0.0, system_time=0.0), pthread(id=12924, user_time=0.0, system_time=0.0), pthread(id=12944, user_time=0.0, system_time=0.0), pthread(id=16400, user_time=0.03125, system_time=0.0625), pthread(id=14348, user_time=0.0, system_time=0.0), pthread(id=13256, user_time=0.015625, system_time=0.0), pthread(id=17872, user_time=0.0, system_time=0.0), pthread(id=19120, user_time=0.03125, system_time=1.25), pthread(id=14588, user_time=1.296875, system_time=6.9375), pthread(id=4480, user_time=0.34375, system_time=0.140625), pthread(id=20760, user_time=6.234375, system_time=7.71875), pthread(id=9800, user_time=0.140625, system_time=0.015625), pthread(id=3492, user_time=0.0, system_time=0.0), pthread(id=16028, user_time=0.0, system_time=0.03125), pthread(id=15512, user_time=0.0, system_time=0.0), pthread(id=4344, user_time=4.15625, system_time=0.390625), pthread(id=20516, user_time=0.09375, system_time=0.703125), pthread(id=17420, user_time=0.015625, system_time=0.21875), pthread(id=18620, user_time=0.0, system_time=0.0), pthread(id=19672, user_time=0.0, system_time=0.0), pthread(id=7412, user_time=0.0, system_time=0.0), pthread(id=19292, user_time=0.0, system_time=0.015625), pthread(id=18252, user_time=0.09375, system_time=0.328125), pthread(id=20220, user_time=0.0, system_time=0.015625), pthread(id=1368, user_time=0.0, system_time=0.015625), pthread(id=17640, user_time=0.0, system_time=0.0), pthread(id=8448, user_time=0.0, system_time=0.0), pthread(id=20396, user_time=0.0, system_time=0.0), pthread(id=3424, user_time=0.015625, system_time=0.0), pthread(id=6448, user_time=0.0, system_time=0.0625), pthread(id=6612, user_time=0.0, system_time=0.0), pthread(id=21288, user_time=0.0, system_time=0.0), pthread(id=18280, user_time=0.0, system_time=0.0), pthread(id=2016, user_time=0.015625, system_time=0.015625), pthread(id=9112, user_time=0.0, system_time=0.0), pthread(id=2860, user_time=0.015625, system_time=0.09375), pthread(id=21312, user_time=0.0, system_time=0.0), pthread(id=19168, user_time=0.0, system_time=0.0), pthread(id=18628, user_time=0.0, system_time=0.0)]
进程执行的上下文切换数量： pctxsw(voluntary=54950437, involuntary=0)
进程的优先级(带参数则可设置优先级)： Priority.NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS
进程的I/O优先级(带参数则可设置优先级)： IOPriority.IOPRIO_NORMAL
进程的环境变量： {'PROGRAMDATA': 'C:\\ProgramData', 'PROGRAMFILES': 'C:\\Program Files', 'PROGRAMFILES(X86)': 'C:\\Program Files (x86)','WINDIR': 'C:\\windows'}
进程是否正在运行： True

运行结果已经给我们展示了通过psutil获取的多种进程信息。psutil的功能不止于此，它也提供了操作进程的方法，比如上例中的p.nice()和p.ionice()方法。除此之外，还有下面的这些方法可供调用。

import psutil

p = psutil.Process(19712)
# 挂起进程
p.suspend()
# 恢复进程
p.resume()
# 终止进程，Windows上是kill()的别名
p.terminate()
# 杀掉进程
p.kill()
# 等待进程终止
p.wait()

在介绍完psutil关于进程管理的内容后，利用学到的方法，来实践一个小例子加深印象——杀掉系统中指定名字的所有进程。

import psutil

def kill_process_by_name(process_name):
    pl = psutil.pids()
    try:
        for pid in pl:
            if psutil.Process(pid).name() == process_name:
                psutil.Process(pid).kill()
    except Exception as e:
        print(str(e))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    kill_process_by_name('cmd.exe')

 

参考资料

• https://pypi.org/project/psutil/