servlet中将值以json格式传入

详细连接https://blog.csdn.net/e_wsq/article/details/71038270
$('#but_json_json').click(function(){ var j ={"name":"","password":123456}; $.ajax( { url:"servlet/JsonObject", //访问路径 type:"POST", //访问方式 data:j, //传入服务端的数据 dataType:"json", contentType:"application/json;charset=utf-8", success : function(data){ alert(data); alert(data.name); alert(data.password); } } ); }); Servlet: public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { String user = request.getParameter("j"); String name = request.getParameter("name"); String password = request.getParameter("password"); System.out.println(user); //JSON对象 JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(); jsonObject.accumulate("password", password).accumulate("name", "www"); response.setContentType("application/json"); response.getWriter().write(jsonObject.toString());

现在的问题是,我可以从客户端将Servlet中传出的数据解析,如上面的name=www,但客户端传入的对象
(var j ={"name":"王","password":123456})在Servlet中取不到,好像是说要先去对象,我觉得应该是,
毕竟json提供了很多方法将取到到的json数据转换为别的格式,但还是搞不懂。本人新手,第一次接触,希望知道的朋友指定一下,感激不尽!




答:
我是这样理解的  首先  对你要传递 给 服务器(servlet)的 json序列化  用JSON.stringify,
确保我们传递的字符串 符合 json 结构 ,由于我们传递的数据  是以流的形式  传递到服务器,所以我们应该在
服务器端  读进缓冲区   在转换字符串输出
 public String readJSONString(HttpServletRequest request){
   StringBuffer json = new StringBuffer();
   String line = null;
   try {
   BufferedReader reader = request.getReader();
   while((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
   json.append(line);
   }
   }
   catch(Exception e) {
   System.out.println(e.toString());
   }
   return json.toString();
   }


}  之后  再转成  jsonObject  对象。就可以取到值了
还有一点  要注意  编码格式

=============================================================

详细连接 https://www.cnblogs.com/TheGCC/p/8891251.html

JSON数据格式:

JSON(JavaScript Object Notation) 是一种轻量级的数据交换格式。 易于人阅读和编写。同时也易于机器解析和生成。 它基于的一个子集。 JSON采用完全独立于语言的文本格式,但是也使用了类似于C语言家族的习惯(包括C, C++, C#, Java, JavaScript, Perl, Python等)。 这些特性使JSON成为理想的数据交换语言。

JSON建构于两种结构:

(1)“名称/值”对的集合(A collection of name/value pairs)。不同的语言中,它被理解为对象(object),纪录(record),结构(struct),字典(dictionary),哈希表(hash table),有键列表(keyed list),或者关联数组 (associative array)。

(2)值的有序列表(An ordered list of values)。在大部分语言中,它被理解为数组(array)。

JSON具体的表现形式:

(1)对象是一个无序的“‘名称/值’对”集合。一个对象以“{”(左括号)开始,“}”(右括号)结束。每个“名称”后跟一个“:”(冒号);“‘名称/值’ 对”之间使用“,”(逗号)分隔。

例:{“name”:“zhangsan”} //单属性        或者多个属性     {“name”:“lisi”,“sex”:“男” } // 具体对象

(2)数组是值(value)的有序集合。一个数组以“[”(左中括号)开始,“]”(右中括号)结束。值之间使用“,”(逗号)分隔。

例: ["value1","value2","value3"] //数组形式     [{“name”:“zhangsan1”},{“name”:“zhangsan2”},{“name”:“zhangsan3”}] //对象数组

 Servlet与前端ajax的数据交互:

主要流程为  前端获取数据通过ajax的异步传输传至servlet,servlet处理数据后,通过response回传至前端页面。

注意: 一般在传输过程中会遇到两个比较常见的问题,第一就是传回前端时乱码问题,这个问题可以通过 在servlet处理方法中加入:response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8")解决;第二就是传至前端后,不会触发ajax中的回调函数,原因是因为servlet传回的json数据格式不合法而没有触发ajax的success状态。

关于servlet返回的json数据处理方法:

(1)自己拼接json字符串(出错率较高),使其数据满足json格式

JSON对于servlet处理格式要求,键必须加双引号,值分为字符串和数字,数字可不加引号,字符串必须加引号

例:      {“"name":"zhansan", "age":13, "sex":"男" }   // 这种为标准格式,字符串类型加引号,纯数字可不加

将一个独立对象转为以上的格式的字符串形式,才可以通过response.getWrite.append()传至前端 ajax 中,成功处罚回调函数

   String  result = "{"+"/"name/""+":"+"/""+name+"/""+","+"/"age/""+":"+"/""+age+"/""+","+"/"sex/""+":"+"/""+sex+"/""+"}";

(2)调用第三方封装好的  json 数据转换方法(个人使用的是Gson,链接地址:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1Yu91BYlqoJSXpzk37ZXZ6g

建议使用这种方法,高效,简洁,适用于各种数据集合(list,map等)。详细使用可看下列实例(具体代码1)。

具体实例代码1(采用第一种字符串拼接方式)

<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
<script src="https://apps.bdimg.com/libs/jquery/2.1.4/jquery.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="box">
          <table>
            <tr>
              <td>姓名</td>
              <td><input name="username" type="text"></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>性别</td>
              <td><input name="sex" type="text"></td>
            </tr>  
            <tr>
              <td>年龄</td>
              <td><input name="age" type="text"></td>
            </tr>  
            <tr>
              <td>手机号</td>
              <td><input name="phone" type="text"></td>
            </tr>    
            <tr><td><button>提交</button></td></tr>
          </table>   
    </div>
      <div>
      <table>
                                 信息返回
            <tr>
              <td>姓名</td>
              <td id="name"></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>性别</td>
              <td id="sex"></td>
            </tr>  
            <tr>
              <td>年龄</td>
              <td id="age"></td>
            </tr>  
            <tr>
              <td>手机号</td>
              <td id="phone"></td>
            </tr>    
          </table>  
    </div>  
    <script>
      $(function(){
            $("button").click(function(){  
                $.post("AjaxTest",
                        {'username':$("input[name=username]").val(),
                         'sex':$("input[name=sex]").val(),
                         'age':$("input[name=age]").val(),
                         'phone':$("input[name=phone]").val()},
                        function(data,textStatus){
                             console.log(textStatus); 
                             console.log(data.username);
                            $("#name").html(data.username);
                            $("#sex").html(data.sex);
                            $("#age").html(data.age);
                            $("#phone").html(data.phone); 
                        },"json");
          });
         
       })
    </script>
</body>
</html>

后端servlet部分(字符串拼接)

servlet部分
@WebServlet("/AjaxTest")
public class AjaxTest extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
       
    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
     */
    public AjaxTest() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
     */
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        String name = request.getParameter("username");
        String sex = request.getParameter("sex");
        String age = request.getParameter("age");
        String phone = request.getParameter("phone");
         response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");  
         response.setContentType("application/json");  
        
        
        User one = new User(name,sex,age,phone);
        String result = one.toString();
        System.out.println(result);
        response.getWriter().append(result);
    }

    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
     */
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        doGet(request, response);
    }


User类

public class User  {
  private String username;
  private String sex;
  private String age;
  private String phone;
  public User(String username, String sex, String age, String phone) {

    this.username = username;
    this.sex = sex;
    this.age = age;
    this.phone = phone;
}
  
public String getUsername() {
    return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
    this.username = username;
}
public String getSex() {
    return sex;
}
public void setSex(String sex) {
    this.sex = sex;
}
public String getAge() {
    return age;
}
public void setAge(String age) {
    this.age = age;
}
public String getPhone() {
    return phone;
}
public void setPhone(String phone) {
    this.phone = phone;
}

@Override
public String toString() {
    return "{" +  "\"username\"" + ':' + "\""+ username +"\"" + ","+ "\"sex\""+':' +"\"" +sex +"\""+','+ "\"age\""+':' + "\"" + age + "\"" +','+"\"phone\""+':' + "\""+phone+"\"" + "}";
}
}

具体实例代码2(采用gson转换json方式处理)

前端代码(含ajax)

 

<html>
<head>

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
<script src="https://apps.bdimg.com/libs/jquery/2.1.4/jquery.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<input type="text" name="cc"  / >
<input type="submit" />
<div>
     姓名:<span id="name"></span> <br/>
     性别:<span id="sex"></span><br/>
     年龄: <span id="age"></span>      
</div>
</form>
  <script type="text/javascript">
       $(function(){
           $("input[type=submit]").click(function(){
               $.post("ajax",
                   {"cc":$("input[name=cc]").val()},
                 function(data,textStatus){
                      console.log(data.name); 
                      $("#name").html(data.name);
                      $("#sex").html(data.sex);
                      $("#age").html(data.age);
                   },
                 "json"   
               );
            });
           
       })
  </script>
</body>
</html>

servlet部分(调用gson方法)

servlet部分
@WebServlet("/ajax")
public class ajax extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
       
    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
     */
    public ajax() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }
    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
     */
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        String c = request.getParameter("cc");
        System.out.println(c);
        User one = new User(c, "", 13);
        Gson gson = new Gson();
        String result = gson.toJson(one);
        response.getWriter().append(result);
        
    }
    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
     */
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        doGet(request, response);
    }

}

User类部分

public class User {
  private String name;
  private String sex;
  private int age;
public User(String name, String sex, int age) {
    this.name = name;
    this.sex = sex;
    this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
    return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
    this.name = name;
}
public String getSex() {
    return sex;
}
public void setSex(String sex) {
    this.sex = sex;
}
public int getAge() {
    return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
    this.age = age;
}
  
}

具体实例代码3(多组数据传至ajax)

前端代码(含ajax) 

<html>
<head>

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
<script src="https://apps.bdimg.com/libs/jquery/2.1.4/jquery.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<input type="text" name="ceshi">
<input type="submit" value="获取名单"/>
<table id="table">

</table>
</form>
  <script type="text/javascript">
       $(function(){
           $("input[type=submit]").click(function(){
               $.post("ajax",
                   {"ceshi":$("input[name=ceshi]").val()},
                 function(data,textStatus){
                      console.log(data); 
                      for(var i = 0;i<data.length; i++)
                        {
                         $("#table").append( $("<tr></tr>")
                                 .append($("<td></td>").html(data[i].name))
                                 .append($("<td></td>").html(data[i].sex))
                                 .append($("<td></td>").html(data[i].age)));
                        }
                   },
                 "json"   
               );
            });
           
       })
  </script>
</body>
</html>

servlet部分(调用gson方法处理数据)

servlet部分
@WebServlet("/ajax")
public class ajax extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
       
    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
     */
    public ajax() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }
    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
     */
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        String string = request.getParameter("ceshi");
        Gson gson = new Gson();
        List list = new ArrayList();
        User one = new User("张三", "", 13);
        User two = new User("李四","", 15);
        User three = new User("王五","", 20);
        list.add(one);
        list.add(two);
        list.add(three);
        
        String result = gson.toJson(list);    
        response.getWriter().append(result);
    }
    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
     */
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        doGet(request, response);
    }

}

User类


public class User {
  private String name;
  private String sex;
  private int age;
public User(String name, String sex, int age) {
    this.name = name;
    this.sex = sex;
    this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
    return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
    this.name = name;
}
public String getSex() {
    return sex;
}
public void setSex(String sex) {
    this.sex = sex;
}
public int getAge() {
    return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
    this.age = age;
}
  
}

 

posted @ 2019-03-11 15:48  纳兰容若♫  阅读(453)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报