Careercup - Facebook面试题 - 5177378863054848

2014-05-02 08:29

题目链接

原题：

Write a function for retrieving the total number of substring palindromes. 
For example the input is 'abba' then the possible palindromes= a, b, b, a, bb, abba 
So the result is 6. 

Updated at 11/11/2013: 
After the interview I got know that the O(n^3) solution is not enough to go to the next round. It would have been better to know before starting implementing the solution unnecessarily ...

题目：给定一个字符串，统计所有回文子串的个数。O(n^3)的算法是明显的暴力算法，当然要被淘汰了。

解法1：一个简单的优化，是O(n^2)的。从每个位置向两边计算有多少个回文串。这样可以用O(1)空间，O(n^2)时间完成算法。

代码：

// http://www.careercup.com/question?id=5177378863054848
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

int countPalindrome(const string &s)
{
    int n = (int)s.length();
    if (n <= 1) {
        return n;
    }
    
    int i, j;
    int res;
    int count;
    
    res = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        j = 0;
        count = 0;
        while (i - j >= 0 && i + j <= n - 1 && s[i - j] == s[i + j]) {
            ++count;
            ++j;
        }
        res += count;
        
        j = 0;
        count = 0;
        while (i - j >= 0 && i + 1 + j <= n - 1 && s[i - j] == s[i + 1 + j]) {
            ++count;
            ++j;
        }
        res += count;
    }
    
    return res;
}

int main()
{
    string s;

    while(cin >> s) {
        cout << countPalindrome(s) << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

解法2：有个很巧妙的回文串判定算法，叫Manacher算法，可以在O(n)时间内找出最长回文字串的长度。这题虽然是统计个数，同样可以用Manacher算法搞定。Manacher算法中有个很重要的概念，叫“最长回文匹配半径”，意思是当前最长回文子串能覆盖到的最靠右的位置。每当我们检查的中心位置处于这个半径之内时，就可以和另一边的对称点进行参照，减少一些重复的扫描。如果处于半径之外，就按照常规的方式向两边扫描了。Manacher算法的思想一两句话很难说清楚，在此提供一个链接吧：Manacher算法处理字符串回文。

代码：

// http://www.careercup.com/question?id=5177378863054848
// Modified Manacher Algorithm
#include <algorithm>
#include <ctime>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

class Solution {
public:
    long long int countPalindrome(const string &s) {
        int n = (int)s.length();
        
        if (n <= 1) {
            return n;
        }
        
        preProcess(s);
        n = (int)ss.length();
        int far;
        int far_i;
        
        int i;

        far = 0;
        c[0] = 0;
        for (i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
            c[i] = 1;
            if (far > i) {
                c[i] = c[2 * far_i - i];
                if (far - i < c[i]) {
                    c[i] = far - i;
                }
            }
            
            while (ss[i - c[i]] == ss[i + c[i]]) {
                ++c[i];
            }
            
            if (i + c[i] > far) {
                far = i + c[i];
                far_i = i;
            }
        }
        
        long long int count = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            count += (c[i] + (i & 1)) / 2;
        }
        
        ss.clear();
        c.clear();
        
        return count;
    }
private:
    string ss;
    vector<int> c;
    
    void preProcess(const string &s) {
        int n;
        int i;
        
        n = (int)s.length();
        ss.clear();
        // don't insert '#' here, index may go out of bound.
        ss.push_back('$');
        for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            ss.push_back(s[i]);
            ss.push_back('#');
        }
        c.resize(ss.length());
    };
};

int main()
{
    string s;
    Solution sol;
    const int big_n = 500000;

    s.resize(big_n);
    for(int i = 0; i < big_n; ++i) {
        s[i] = 'a';
    }
    
    clock_t start, end;
    start = clock();
    cout << sol.countPalindrome(s) << endl;
    end = clock();
    cout << "Runtime for test case of size " << big_n << ": " 
         << (1.0 * (end - start) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC) 
         << " seconds." << endl;

    while (cin >> s) {
        cout << sol.countPalindrome(s) << endl;
    }
    
    return 0;
}