C# 中的 LINQ 入门学习摘记
1IEnumerable <T> 是一个接口，通过该接口，可以使用 foreach 语句来枚举泛型集合类。泛型集合类支持 IEnumerable<T>，就像非泛型集合类（如 ArrayList）支持 IEnumerable。
2在 LINQ 查询中，最先使用 from 子句的目的是引入数据源 (customers) 和范围变量，范围变量类似于 foreach 循环中的迭代变量，但在查询表达式中，实际上不发生迭代。其他范围变量可由 let 子句引入。
在下面的示例中，以两种方式使用了 let：
-
创建一个可以查询自身的可枚举类型。
-
使查询只能对范围变量 word 调用一次 ToLower。如果不使用 let，则必须在 where 子句的每个谓词中调用 ToLower。
class LetSample1
{
static void Main()
{
string[] strings =
{
"A penny saved is a penny earned.",
"The early bird catches the worm.",
"The pen is mightier than the sword."
};
// Split the sentence into an array of words
// and select those whose first letter is a vowel.
var earlyBirdQuery =
from sentence in strings
let words = sentence.Split(' ')
from word in words
let w = word.ToLower()
where w[0] == 'a' || w[0] == 'e'
|| w[0] == 'i' || w[0] == 'o'
|| w[0] == 'u'
select word;
// Execute the query.
foreach (var v in earlyBirdQuery)
{
Console.WriteLine("\"{0}\" starts with a vowel", v);
}
// Keep the console window open in debug mode.
Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit.");
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
/* Output:
"A" starts with a vowel
"is" starts with a vowel
"a" starts with a vowel
"earned." starts with a vowel
"early" starts with a vowel
"is" starts with a vowel
*/
对于非泛型数据源（如 ArrayList），必须显式类型化范围变量。
下面的示例演示一个对 ArrayList 的简单查询。请注意，此示例在代码调用 Add 方法时使用对象初始值设定项，但这不是必需的。
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Linq;
namespace NonGenericLINQ
{
public class Student
{
public string FirstName { get; set; }
public string LastName { get; set; }
public int[] Scores { get; set; }
}
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
ArrayList arrList = new ArrayList();
arrList.Add(
new Student
{
FirstName = "Svetlana", LastName = "Omelchenko", Scores = new int[] { 98, 92, 81, 60 }
});
arrList.Add(
new Student
{
FirstName = "Claire", LastName = "O’Donnell", Scores = new int[] { 75, 84, 91, 39 }
});
arrList.Add(
new Student
{
FirstName = "Sven", LastName = "Mortensen", Scores = new int[] { 88, 94, 65, 91 }
});
arrList.Add(
new Student
{
FirstName = "Cesar", LastName = "Garcia", Scores = new int[] { 97, 89, 85, 82 }
});
var query = from Student student in arrList
where student.Scores[0] > 95
select student;
foreach (Student s in query)
Console.WriteLine(s.LastName + ": " + s.Scores[0]);
// Keep the console window open in debug mode.
Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit.");
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
}
/* Output:
Omelchenko: 98
Garcia: 97
*/
基本查询操作 (LINQ)
1排序
var queryLondonCustomers3 = from cust in customers where cust.City == "London" orderby cust.Name ascending select cust;
2分组
// queryCustomersByCity is an IEnumerable<IGrouping<string, Customer>>
var queryCustomersByCity =
from cust in customers
group cust by cust.City;
// customerGroup is an IGrouping<string, Customer>
foreach (var customerGroup in queryCustomersByCity)
{
Console.WriteLine(customerGroup.Key);
foreach (Customer customer in customerGroup)
{
Console.WriteLine(" {0}", customer.Name);
}
}
3联接
from order in Customer.Orders...
4选择（投影）
select 子句生成查询结果并指定每个返回的元素的“形状”或类型。例如，您可以指定结果包含的是整个 Customer 对象、仅一个成员、成员的子集，还是某个基于计算或新对象创建的完全不同的结果类型。当 select 子句生成除源元素副本以外的内容时，该操作称为“投影”。使用投影转换数据是 LINQ 查询表达式的一种强大功能。
