Python - 发送邮件
0. 邮件知识介绍
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit To: jinguang.liu@qq.com From: jliu@163.com Subject: This is a test email Date: Wed, 22 Apr 2015 22:26:32 +0800 Message-ID: <20150422142632.10808.43927@bob-PC> Hello, this is an autotest email. ---anonimous
SMTP是发送邮件的协议，Python内置对SMTP的支持，可以发送纯文本、HTML、带附件的邮件
发送邮件用到Python的两个模块 email 和 smtplib，其中email用于构造邮件，而smtplib负责发送邮件
下面我们分别介绍Python通过第三方SMTP服务器分别发送纯文本、HTML、带附件的邮件
1. 发送纯文本邮件
Header对象用于对邮件中的字符串进行编码
from email.header import Header from email.mime.text import MIMEText from smtplib import SMTP, SMTP_SSL, SMTPException def send_mail(): # 第三方SMTP邮件服务器信息 # SMTP发件服务器地址 mail_host = 'smtp.exmail.qq.com' # 登录SMT服务器的用户名 mail_user = 'xx@xx.com' # 登录SMTP服务器的密码，对于126、163邮箱，此处是授权密码而不是登录密码 mail_pass = 'xxxx' # 发送人 sender = 'xx@xx.com' # 接收邮件地址，可以填写多个地址 receivers = ['mail1@126.com', 'mail2@qq.com'] # 邮件正文 content = 'Hello World!' # 通过MIMETEXT对象构造邮件，参数分别为邮件内容，邮件MIMETYPE，字符集 msg = MIMEText(content, 'plain', 'utf-8') # 邮件标题栏显示的发件人 msg['From'] = Header(sender, 'utf-8') # 邮件标题栏处显示的收件人 msg['To'] = Header(','.join(receivers), 'utf-8') # 邮件标题 msg['Subject'] = Header('Python Test', 'utf-8') # 发送邮件 try: # 通过SMTP对象负责发送邮件，参数分别为SMTP服务器地址，SMTP服务器监听的端口号， # 此处可以使用非加密（SMTP）或加密（SMTP_SSL）方式进行传输, 非加密默认监听端口号为25，加密为465 # smtp_obj = SMTP(mail_host, 25) smtp_obj = SMTP_SSL(mail_host, 465) # 登录 smtp_obj.login(mail_user, mail_pass) # 发送邮件 smtp_obj.sendmail(sender, receivers, msg.as_string()) smtp_obj.quit() print('Send mail successful') except SMTPException: print('Email failed to send') if __name__ == '__main__': send_mail()
网易邮箱通过下图所示的设置，授权第三方应用程序通过其发送邮件
2. 发送HTML邮件
from email.header import Header from email.mime.text import MIMEText from smtplib import SMTP, SMTP_SSL, SMTPException def send_mail(): mail_host = 'smtp.exmail.qq.com' mail_user = 'zhueb@nianqa.com' mail_pass = 'xxxx' sender = 'zhueb@nianqa.com' receivers = ['zhubiaook@126.com', '1003685280@qq.com'] content = """ <html> <p>Welcome to my site</p> <a href='https://www.cnblogs.com/zhubiao/'>https://www.cnblogs.com/zhubiao</a> </html> """ # 将MIME类型修改为html即可 msg = MIMEText(content, 'html', 'utf-8') msg['From'] = Header(sender, 'utf-8') msg['To'] = Header(','.join(receivers), 'utf-8') msg['Subject'] = Header('Python Test', 'utf-8') # 发送邮件 try: # smtp_obj = SMTP(mail_host, 25) smtp_obj = SMTP_SSL(mail_host, 465) smtp_obj.login(mail_user, mail_pass) smtp_obj.sendmail(sender, ','.join(receivers), msg.as_string()) smtp_obj.quit() print('Email sent successfully') except SMTPException: print('Email failed to send') if __name__ == '__main__': send_mail()
3. 发送带附件的邮件
from email.header import Header from email.mime.text import MIMEText from smtplib import SMTP, SMTP_SSL, SMTPException from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart def send_mail(): # 第三方SMTP服务器连接信息 mail_host = 'smtp.exmail.qq.com' mail_user = 'zhueb@nianqa.com' mail_pass = 'xxxx' sender = 'zhueb@nianqa.com' receivers = ['zhubiaook@126.com', '1003685280@qq.com'] # 创建MIMEMultipart对象，可包含text、image、html等混合类型 msg = MIMEMultipart() # 邮件首部 msg['From'] = Header(sender, 'utf-8') msg['To'] = Header(','.join(receivers), 'utf-8') msg['Subject'] = Header('Python Mail Test', 'utf-8') # 邮件正文内容 # 邮件正文为html, 插入一张图片，图片来自于附件，其中cid:value表示附件首部键值对Content-ID : value. content = """ <img src='cid:img1.jpg'/> <br/> <img src='cid:img2.jpg'/> """ msg_content = MIMEText(content, 'html', 'utf-8') msg.attach(msg_content) for file in ['test.xlsx', 'img1.jpg', 'img2.jpg']: # 附件1 with open(file, 'rb') as fp: att = MIMEText(fp.read(), 'base64', 'utf-8') att['Content-Type'] = 'application/octet-stream' att['Content-Disposition'] = 'attachment; filename= "test.xlsx"' att['Content-ID'] = file msg.attach(att) # 发送邮件 try: # smtp_obj = SMTP(mail_host, 25) smtp_obj = SMTP_SSL(mail_host, 465) smtp_obj.login(mail_user, mail_pass) smtp_obj.sendmail(sender, ','.join(receivers), msg.as_string()) smtp_obj.quit() print('Email sent successfully') except SMTPException: print('Email failed to send') if __name__ == '__main__': send_mail()
4. Python发送短信
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