Item 27: Minimize casting.(Effective C++)

• Avoid casts whenever practical, especially dynamic_casts in performance-sensitive code. If a design requires casting, try to develop a cast-free alternative.

• When casting is necessary, try to hide it inside a function. Clients can then call the function instead of putting casts in their own code.

• Prefer C++-style casts to old-style casts. They are easier to see, and they are more specific about what they do.