celery

Celery的安装配置

• pip install celery
• 消息中间件：RabbitMQ/Redis
• app=Celery('任务名', broker='xxx', backend='xxx')

Celery执行异步任务

基本使用

创建py文件：celery_app_task.py

import celery
import time
broker = 'redis://127.0.0.1:6379/0'
backend = 'redis://127.0.0.1:6379/1'
app = celery.Celery('test',backend=backend,broker=broker)

@app.task
def add(x, y):
    time.sleep(1)
    return x + y

创建py文件：add_task.py，添加任务

from celery_app_task import add
result = add.delay(4, 5)
print(result.id)

创建py文件：run.py，执行任务，或者使用命令执行：celery worker -A celery_app_task -l info

注：windows下：celery worker -A celery_app_task -l info -P eventlet

from celery_app_task import app
if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.worker_main()
    # app.worker_main(argv=['--loglevel=info')

创建py文件：result.py，查看任务执行结果

from celery.result import AsyncResult
from celery_app_task import app

async = AsyncResult(id="e919d97d-2938-4d0f-9265-fd8237dc2aa3", app=app)

if async.successful():
    result = async.get()
    print(result)
    # result.forget() # 将结果删除
elif async.failed():
    print('执行失败')
elif async.status == 'PENDING':
    print('任务等待中被执行')
elif async.status == 'RETRY':
    print('任务异常后正在重试')
elif async.status == 'STARTED':
    print('任务已经开始被执行')

执行 add_task.py，添加任务，并获取任务ID

执行 run.py ，或者执行命令：celery worker -A celery_app_task -l info

执行 result.py,检查任务状态并获取结果

多任务结构

pro_cel
    ├── celery_task # celery相关文件夹
    │   ├── celery.py   # celery连接和配置相关文件,必须叫这个名字
    │   └── tasks1.py    #  所有任务函数
    │    └── tasks2.py    #  所有任务函数
    ├── check_result.py # 检查结果
    └── send_task.py    # 触发任务

celery.py

from celery import Celery

app = Celery('celery_demo',
             broker='redis://127.0.0.1:6379/1',
             backend='redis://127.0.0.1:6379/2',
             # 包含以下两个任务文件，去相应的py文件中找任务，对多个任务做分类
             include=['celery_task.tasks1',
                      'celery_task.tasks2'
                      ])

# 时区
app.conf.timezone = 'Asia/Shanghai'
# 是否使用UTC
app.conf.enable_utc = False

tasks1.py

import time
from celery_task.celery import app

@app.task
def test_celery1(res):
    time.sleep(5)
    return "test_celery1任务结果:%s" % res

tasks2.py

import time
from celery_task.celery import app
@app.task
def test_celery2(res):
    time.sleep(5)
    return "test_celery2任务结果:%s" % res

send_task.py

from celery_task.tasks1 import test_celery1
from celery_task.tasks2 import test_celery2

# 立即告知celery去执行test_celery任务，并传入一个参数
result = test_celery1.delay('第一个的执行')
print(result.id)
result = test_celery2.delay('第二个的执行')
print(result.id)

check_result.py

from celery.result import AsyncResult
from celery_task.celery import app

async = AsyncResult(id="08eb2778-24e1-44e4-a54b-56990b3519ef", app=app)

if async.successful():
    result = async.get()
    print(result)
    # result.forget() # 将结果删除，执行完成，结果不会自动删除
    # async.revoke(terminate=True)  # 无论现在是什么时候，都要终止
    # async.revoke(terminate=False) # 如果任务还没有开始执行呢，那么就可以终止。
elif async.failed():
    print('执行失败')
elif async.status == 'PENDING':
    print('任务等待中被执行')
elif async.status == 'RETRY':
    print('任务异常后正在重试')
elif async.status == 'STARTED':
    print('任务已经开始被执行')

添加任务（执行send_task.py），开启work：celery worker -A celery_task -l info -P eventlet，检查任务执行结果（执行check_result.py）

Celery执行定时任务

设定时间让celery执行一个任务

add_task.py

from celery_app_task import add
from datetime import datetime

ctime = datetime.now()
# 默认用utc时间
utc_ctime = datetime.utcfromtimestamp(ctime.timestamp())
from datetime import timedelta
time_delay = timedelta(seconds=10)
task_time = utc_ctime + time_delay

# 使用apply_async并设定时间
result = add.apply_async(args=[4, 3], eta=task_time)
print(result.id)

类似于contab的定时任务

多任务结构中celery.py修改如下

from datetime import timedelta
from celery import Celery
from celery.schedules import crontab

cel = Celery('tasks', broker='redis://127.0.0.1:6379/1', backend='redis://127.0.0.1:6379/2', include=[
    'celery_task.tasks1',
    'celery_task.tasks2',
])
cel.conf.timezone = 'Asia/Shanghai'
cel.conf.enable_utc = False

cel.conf.beat_schedule = {
    # 名字随意命名
    'add-every-10-seconds': {
        # 执行tasks1下的test_celery函数
        'task': 'celery_task.tasks1.test_celery',
        # 每隔2秒执行一次
        # 'schedule': 1.0,
        # 'schedule': crontab(minute="*/1"),
        'schedule': timedelta(seconds=2),
        # 传递参数
        'args': ('test',)
    },
    # 'add-every-12-seconds': {
    #     'task': 'celery_task.tasks1.test_celery',
    #     每年4月11号，8点42分执行
    #     'schedule': crontab(minute=42, hour=8, day_of_month=11, month_of_year=4),
    #     'schedule': crontab(minute=42, hour=8, day_of_month=11, month_of_year=4),
    #     'args': (16, 16)
    # },
}

启动一个beat：celery beat -A celery_task -l info

启动work执行：celery worker -A celery_task -l info -P eventlet

Django中使用Celery

安装包

celery==3.1.25  # redis 2.10.6
django-celery==3.1.20  # django-redis 最新

在项目目录下创建celeryconfig.py

import djcelery
djcelery.setup_loader()
CELERY_IMPORTS=(
    'app01.tasks',
)
#有些情况可以防止死锁
CELERYD_FORCE_EXECV=True
# 设置并发worker数量
CELERYD_CONCURRENCY=4
#允许重试
CELERY_ACKS_LATE=True
# 每个worker最多执行100个任务被销毁，可以防止内存泄漏
CELERYD_MAX_TASKS_PER_CHILD=100
# 超时时间
CELERYD_TASK_TIME_LIMIT=12*30

在app01目录下创建tasks.py

from celery import task
@task
def add(a,b):
    with open('a.text', 'a', encoding='utf-8') as f:
        f.write('a')
    print(a+b)

视图函数views.py

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app01.tasks import add
from datetime import datetime
def test(request):
    # result=add.delay(2,3)
    ctime = datetime.now()
    # 默认用utc时间
    utc_ctime = datetime.utcfromtimestamp(ctime.timestamp())
    from datetime import timedelta
    time_delay = timedelta(seconds=5)
    task_time = utc_ctime + time_delay
    result = add.apply_async(args=[4, 3], eta=task_time)
    print(result.id)
    return HttpResponse('ok')

settings.py

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    ...
    'djcelery',
    'app01'
]

...

from djagocele import celeryconfig
BROKER_BACKEND='redis'
BOOKER_URL='redis://127.0.0.1:6379/1'
CELERY_RESULT_BACKEND='redis://127.0.0.1:6379/2'