django框架之Ajax,自定义分页器...

MTV与MVC

    MTV模型(django):
        M:模型层(models.py)
        T:模板层(templates)
        V:视图层(views.py)
    MVC模型:
        M:模型层(models.py)
        V:视图层(views.py)
        C:控制器(Controller) urls.py
    本质:django的MTV也是MVC

 多对多表三种创建方式

 1. django orm 自动创建

class Book(models.Model):
  name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
  authors = models.ManyToManyField(to='Author')


class Author(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)

2. 手动创建第三张表

class Book(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)

class Author(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)

class Book2Author(models.Model):
    book = models.ForeignKey(to='Book')
    author = models.ForeignKey(to='Author')
    info = models.CharField(max_length=32)

3. 半自动创建第三张表:可扩展性高,并且能够符合orm查询

class Book(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    # 表自身相关字段名放前面 authors
= models.ManyToManyField(to='Author',through='Book2Author',through_fields=('book','author'))
class Author(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=32) # book = models.ManyToManyField(to='Book',through='Book2Author',through_fields=('author','book')) class Book2Author(models.Model): book = models.ForeignKey(to='Book') author = models.ForeignKey(to='Author') info = models.CharField(max_length=32)

前后端传输数据编码格式contentType

urlencoded

对应的数据格式:name=jason&password=666
后端获取数据:request.POST
ps:django会将urlencoded编码的数据解析自动放到request.POST


formdata

form表单传输文件的编码格式
后端获取文件格式数据:request.FILES
后端获取普通键值对数据:request.POST


application/json

ajax发送json格式数据
注意:编码与数据格式要一致

 

 关于AJAX

AJAX:Asynchronous Javascript And XML,异步的JavaScript和XML;

即使用JavaScript语言与服务器进行异步交互,传输的数据为XML(不只是XML)。

是一种使用现有标准的新方法,最大的优点:不重新加载整个页面的情况下,与服务器交换数据并更新部分网页内容

 

1. 前端有哪些方式可以向后端发送请求

浏览器窗口输入网址        get请求
a标签的href属性           get请求
form表单                  get/post请求(默认是get请求)
ajax                      get/post请求

2. Ajax特点:

异步提交
局部刷新

3. Ajax基本语法

提交的地址:不写,默认当前页面打开的地址
提交的方式
数据的格式:contentType,后端接收request.body
提交的数据
回调函数

<script>
    $('#d1').click(function(){
        $.ajax({
            url:'/index/',
            type:'post',
            contentType:'application/json',
            data:{'name':'jason','password':'123'},
            success:function(data){    # data接收的就是异步提交返回的结果
                alert(data)
            }
        })
    })
</script>

注意:

默认传输数据的编码格式:urlencoded
前后端传输数据,数据是什么格式,就告知相应格式(数据与编码要一一对应)

 4. Ajax传输json格式数据

JSON 指的是 JavaScript 对象表示法(JavaScript Object Notation),一种文本数据交换格式, 

JSON 独立于语言和平台,只认{[双引号的字符串]}格式

urlencoded 默认传出编码格式,Ajax的简单用法

<input type="text" id="i1">+
<input type="text" id="i2">=
<input type="text" id="i3">
<button id="d1">加➕</button>
<script>
    $('#d1').click(function () {
        $.ajax({
            url:'',
            type:'post',
            data:{'i1':$('#i1').val(),'i2':$('#i2').val()},
            success:function (data) {
                $('#i3').val(data)
            }
        })
    });
</script>
def index(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        print(request.POST)
        i1 = request.POST.get("i1")  # str格式,需要数字需要强转一下
        i2 = request.POST.get("i2")
        res = i1 + i2
        return HttpResponse(res)
    return render(request, 'index.html')

 

application/json 传输数据: 

$('#d1').click(function () {
       $.ajax({
           url:'',  // url参数可以不写,默认就是当前页面打开的地址
           type:'post',
           contentType:'application/json',
           data:JSON.stringify({'name':'jason','hobby':'study'}),
           success:function (data) {
               alert('ok')
           }
       })
    });

后端接收数据的,在request.body里面,没有做处理,还是二进制编码格式b''

def index(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        print(request.body)
        data = request.body  # b'{"name":"json","hobby":"study"}'
res = data.decode('utf-8') # 解码方式1 res1 = json.loads(res) print(res1, type(res1)) # {'name': 'json', 'hobby': 'study'} <class 'dict'>

        res2 = str(data, encoding='utf-8')  # 解码方式2
        print(res2, type(res2))  # {"name":"json","hobby":"study"} <class 'str'>
return HttpResponse('RES') return render(request, 'index.html')

 

Ajax传输文件 

$('#d1').click(function () {
   let formdata = new FormData();
   // FormData对象不仅仅可以传文件还可以传普通的键值对
    formdata.append('name','jason');
    // 获取input框存放的文件
    //$('#i1')[0].files[0]
    formdata.append('myfile',$('#i1')[0].files[0]);
    $.ajax({
        url:'',
        type:'post',
        data:formdata,
        // ajax发送文件需要修改两个固定的参数
        processData:false,  // 告诉浏览器不要处理我的数据
        contentType:false,  // 不要用任何的编码,就用我formdata自带的编码格式,django能够自动识别改formdata对象
        // 回调函数
        success:function (data) {
            alert(data)
        }
    })
});

 

5. form表单与ajax异同点

1.form表单不支持异步提交局部刷新
2.form表单不支持传输json格式数据
3.form表单与ajax默认传输数据的编码格式都是urlencoded

 

自定义分页器

 1. 批量插入数据

bulk_create批量插入数据,与create一个个创建数据相比,不用每产生一个数据就执行的sql语句,速度会快很多

l = []
for i in range(10000):
    l.append(models.Book2(name='第%s本书'%i))
models.Book.objects.bulk_create(l)  # 批量插入数据

2. 必要的参数

  后端:

获取所有数据      book_list = models.Book2.objects.all()
数据总条数        all_count = book_list.count()
当前页            current_page = request.GET.get('page',1)
实例化分页器对象  page_obj = my_page.Pagination(current_page=current_page,all_count=all_count)
对总数据进行切片  page_queryset = book_list[page_obj.start:page_obj.end]

前端:

{{ page_obj.page_html|safe }}     # 渲染带有bootstrap样式的分页器

<li><a href="?page=1">1</a></li>  # 自动补全当前路径

 3. 注意点

需要加首页尾页

显示的页码数应该是固定的

单数显示页面,比较具有对称美感

4. 分页器推导过程

def booklist(request):
    all_count = models.Book2.objects.all().count()
    current_page = request.GET.get('page', 1)
    current_page = int(current_page)
    per_page_num = 10
    page_nums, more = divmod(all_count, per_page_num)
    if more:
        page_nums += 1
    html = ''
    for i in range(1, page_nums+1):
        html += '<li><a href="?page=%s">%s</a></li>' % (i, i)
    page_start = (current_page-1)*per_page_num
    page_end = current_page*per_page_num
    book_list = models.Book2.objects.all()[page_start:page_end]
    return render(request, 'booklist.html', locals())

会将所有页码显示于同一页(┬_┬)

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
    <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
    <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-8 col-md-offset-2">
            <table class="table table-hover table-bordered table-striped">
                <thead>
                    <tr>
                        <th>id</th>
                        <th>name</th>
                    </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                    {% for book in book_list %}
                        <tr>
                            <td>{{ book.pk }}</td>
                            <td>{{ book.name }}</td>
                        </tr>
                    {% endfor %}
                </tbody>
            </table>
        <nav aria-label="Page navigation">
          <ul class="pagination">
            <li>
              <a href="#" aria-label="Previous">
                <span aria-hidden="true">&laquo;</span>
              </a>
            </li>
                {{ html|safe }}
            <li>
              <a href="#" aria-label="Next">
                <span aria-hidden="true">&raquo;</span>
              </a>
            </li>
          </ul>
        </nav>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

5. 分页器终极版本 

class Pagination(object):
    def __init__(self, current_page, all_count, per_page_num=2, pager_count=11):
        """
        封装分页相关数据
        :param current_page: 当前页
        :param all_count:    数据库中的数据总条数
        :param per_page_num: 每页显示的数据条数
        :param pager_count:  最多显示的页码个数

        用法:
        queryset = model.objects.all()
        page_obj = Pagination(current_page,all_count)
        page_data = queryset[page_obj.start:page_obj.end]
        获取数据用page_data而不再使用原始的queryset
        获取前端分页样式用page_obj.page_html
        """
        try:
            current_page = int(current_page)
        except Exception as e:
            current_page = 1

        if current_page < 1:
            current_page = 1

        self.current_page = current_page

        self.all_count = all_count
        self.per_page_num = per_page_num

        # 总页码
        all_pager, tmp = divmod(all_count, per_page_num)
        if tmp:
            all_pager += 1
        self.all_pager = all_pager

        self.pager_count = pager_count
        self.pager_count_half = int((pager_count - 1) / 2)

    @property
    def start(self):
        return (self.current_page - 1) * self.per_page_num

    @property
    def end(self):
        return self.current_page * self.per_page_num

    def page_html(self):
        # 如果总页码 < 11个:
        if self.all_pager <= self.pager_count:
            pager_start = 1
            pager_end = self.all_pager + 1
        # 总页码  > 11
        else:
            # 当前页如果<=页面上最多显示11/2个页码
            if self.current_page <= self.pager_count_half:
                pager_start = 1
                pager_end = self.pager_count + 1

            # 当前页大于5
            else:
                # 页码翻到最后
                if (self.current_page + self.pager_count_half) > self.all_pager:
                    pager_end = self.all_pager + 1
                    pager_start = self.all_pager - self.pager_count + 1
                else:
                    pager_start = self.current_page - self.pager_count_half
                    pager_end = self.current_page + self.pager_count_half + 1

        page_html_list = []
        # 添加前面的nav和ul标签
        page_html_list.append('''
                    <nav aria-label='Page navigation>'
                    <ul class='pagination'>
                ''')
        first_page = '<li><a href="?page=%s">首页</a></li>' % (1)
        page_html_list.append(first_page)

        if self.current_page <= 1:
            prev_page = '<li class="disabled"><a href="#">上一页</a></li>'
        else:
            prev_page = '<li><a href="?page=%s">上一页</a></li>' % (self.current_page - 1,)

        page_html_list.append(prev_page)

        for i in range(pager_start, pager_end):
            if i == self.current_page:
                temp = '<li class="active"><a href="?page=%s">%s</a></li>' % (i, i,)
            else:
                temp = '<li><a href="?page=%s">%s</a></li>' % (i, i,)
            page_html_list.append(temp)

        if self.current_page >= self.all_pager:
            next_page = '<li class="disabled"><a href="#">下一页</a></li>'
        else:
            next_page = '<li><a href="?page=%s">下一页</a></li>' % (self.current_page + 1,)
        page_html_list.append(next_page)

        last_page = '<li><a href="?page=%s">尾页</a></li>' % (self.all_pager,)
        page_html_list.append(last_page)
        # 尾部添加标签
        page_html_list.append('''
                                           </nav>
                                           </ul>
                                       ''')
        return ''.join(page_html_list)
分页器模板 mypage.py
def booklist(request):
    book_list = models.Book2.objects.all()
    all_count = book_list.count()
    current_page = request.GET.get('page', 1)
    page_obj = mypage.Pagination(current_page=current_page, all_count=all_count,per_page_num=10)
    page_queryset = book_list[page_obj.start:page_obj.end]
    return render(request, 'booklist.html', locals())
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
    <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
    <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-8 col-md-offset-2">
            <table class="table table-hover table-bordered table-striped">
                <thead>
                    <tr>
                        <th>id</th>
                        <th>name</th>
                    </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                    {% for book in page_queryset %}
                        <tr>
                            <td>{{ book.pk }}</td>
                            <td>{{ book.name }}</td>
                        </tr>
                    {% endfor %}
                </tbody>
            </table>
        {{ page_obj.page_html|safe }}
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

 

posted @ 2019-06-14 22:39  zhoyong  阅读(271)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报