[Android基础]Android四大组件之BroadCast

BroadCast的定义:

广播是一种订阅--通知 事件,广播接收者向Android系统 register (订阅广播),广播发送者向Adnroid系统 sendBroadCast(发送广播),然后Android 系统通知所有注册该广播的接收者,广播接收者收到自己注册的广播之后实现自己想做的事情(该事情一般不超过10s,否则应用会出现ANR)。

BroadCast的分类:

1.无序广播:也就是普通广播,只要注册了该action的广播接收者都能收到该广播,且没有先后顺序。
2.有序广播:广播接收者按照优先级高低依次接受该广播,并且优先接收的广播可以通过setResultExtras(Bundle)方法,将处理好的结果传送到下一个广播接收者那里。
3.粘性广播:发送广播调用的方法 sendStickyBroadcast(Intent),和sendBroadcast(Intent)不同。
粘性广播会一直保留在内存当中,直到有广播接收者注册该广播,该广播才算结束。不好解释,等会具体看例子。

BroadCase的使用:

一.普通广播

根据注册方式不同可以分为 静态注册广播和动态注册广播。

1.静态注册广播使用实例

AndroidManifest.xml 如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>  
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"  
    package="com.***.mybroadcast">  
  
    <application  
        android:allowBackup="true"  
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"  
        android:label="@string/app_name"  
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme">  
        <activity  
            android:name=".MainActivity"  
            android:label="@string/app_name">  
            <intent-filter>  
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />  
  
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />  
            </intent-filter>  
        </activity>  
  
        <!--静态注册广播,此处需要添加广播的action-->  
        <receiver android:name=".BroadCastReceive1">  
            <intent-filter>  
                <action android:name="com.***.mybroadcast.BroadCastReceive1"></action>  
            </intent-filter>  
        </receiver>  
    </application>  
  
</manifest>  

2.广播接收者实现如下:

package com.***.mybroadcast;  
  
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;  
import android.content.Context;  
import android.content.Intent;  
 
  
public class BroadCastReceive1 extends BroadcastReceiver {  
  
    @Override  
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {  
        //TODO 接收到广播之后处理自己的事情  
        String action = intent.getAction();  
        String result = intent.getStringExtra("key");  
        MyLog.d("the BroadCast action is " + action + "   the BroadCast receive result is " + result);  
    }  
}  

3.广播发送者实现如下:

package com.***.mybroadcast;  
  
import android.content.Intent;  
import android.os.Bundle;  
import android.support.v7.app.ActionBarActivity;  
import android.view.View;  
import android.widget.Button;  
  
  
public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity implements View.OnClickListener {  
  
    private Button btnSend;  
  
    @Override  
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);  
  
        btnSend = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button);  
        btnSend.setOnClickListener(this);  
  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public void onClick(View v) {  
        switch (v.getId()) {  
            case R.id.button:  
                sendBraodCast();  
                break;  
        }  
    }  
  
    private void sendBraodCast() {  
  
        /** 
         * 申明静态广播的 action 行为 
         */  
        String action = "com.***.mybroadcast.BroadCastReceive1";  
        Intent intent = new Intent(action);  
        intent.putExtra("key", "静态广播测试");  
        sendBroadcast(intent);  
    }  
}  

打印结果如下:

4.静态注册广播特点:

1.注册广播在 AndroidManifest.xml中。
2.广播接收者需重新 继承 BroadcastReceiver 类来实现 onReceive()抽象方法。
3.应用退出无需 注销广播,因此导致:即使广播退出之后,如果有其他应用发送该action行为的广播,此应用还是能接收到该广播的,也就是还会打印上面的 结果。

二.动态广播:

示例

<pre name="code" class="java">package com.***.mybroadcast;  
  
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;  
import android.content.Context;  
import android.content.Intent;  
import android.content.IntentFilter;  
import android.os.Bundle;  
import android.support.v4.content.LocalBroadcastManager;  
import android.support.v7.app.ActionBarActivity;  
import android.view.View;  
import android.widget.Button;  
public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity implements View.OnClickListener {  
  
    private Button btnSend;  
  
    private BroadCastReceive2 myReceive;  
  
    private IntentFilter filter;  
  
    private final static String ACTION = "com.***.mybroadcast.BroadCastReceive2";  
  
    @Override  
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);  
  
        btnSend = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button);  
        btnSend.setOnClickListener(this);  
  
        myReceive = new BroadCastReceive2();  
        filter = new IntentFilter();  
        filter.addAction(ACTION);  
  
    }  
  
  
    @Override  
    protected void onResume() {  
        /** 
         * 注册广播 
         */  
  
        LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(this).registerReceiver(myReceive, filter);//官方建议使用  
  
//        this.registerReceiver(myReceive, filter);  
  
        super.onResume();  
    }  
  
  
    @Override  
    protected void onPause() {  
        /** 
         * 注销广播 
         */  
  
        LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(this).unregisterReceiver(myReceive);//官方建议使用  
  
//        this.unregisterReceiver(myReceive);  
  
        super.onPause();  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public void onClick(View v) {  
        switch (v.getId()) {  
            case R.id.button:  
                sendBraodCast();  
                break;  
        }  
    }  
  
    private void sendBraodCast() {  
  
        /** 
         * 申明广播的 action 行为 
         */  
        Intent intent = new Intent(ACTION);  
        intent.putExtra("key", "动态广播测试");  
  
        /** 
         * 官方提倡使用如下发送广播,原因是更快,更安全,不会导致内存泄漏 
         */  
        LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(this).sendBroadcast(intent);  
  
//        this.sendBroadcast(intent);  
    }  
  
  
    /** 
     * 内部类实现广播接收器 
     */  
    private class BroadCastReceive2 extends BroadcastReceiver {  
  
        @Override  
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {  
            //TODO 接收到广播之后处理自己的事情  
            String action = intent.getAction();  
            String result = intent.getStringExtra("key");  
            MyLog.d("the BroadCast action is " + action + "   the BroadCast receive result is " + result);  
        }  
    }  
}  

打印结果如下:

动态广播特点:

1.在代码中调用registerReceiver()方法 注册广播。
2.广播接收者需重新 继承 BroadcastReceiver 类实现内部类。
3.动态广播在应用退出时需要 调用unregisterReceiver()方法来注销广播。如果应用退出时没有注销广播,会报如下错误:

因此,我们通常的做法是:在 onResume()中注册广播,在onPause中注销广播。
4.当广播注销之后就接收不到任何系统发送的广播了。

三.有序广播:

示例:

<pre name="code" class="java">package com.***.mybroadcast;  
  
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;  
import android.content.Context;  
import android.content.Intent;  
import android.content.IntentFilter;  
import android.os.Bundle;  
import android.support.v7.app.ActionBarActivity;  
import android.view.View;  
import android.widget.Button;  
  
  
public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity implements View.OnClickListener {  
  
    private Button btnSend;  
  
    private BroadCastReceive2 myReceive;  
  
    private BroadCastReceive3 myReceive3;  
  
    private IntentFilter filter;  
  
    private IntentFilter filter3;  
  
    private final static String ACTION = "com.***.mybroadcast.BroadCastReceive2";  
  
    @Override  
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);  
  
        btnSend = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button);  
        btnSend.setOnClickListener(this);  
  
        myReceive = new BroadCastReceive2();  
        filter = new IntentFilter();  
        filter.addAction(ACTION);  
        filter.setPriority(2);//设置广播的优先级, -1000~1000 ,数字越大,优先级越高。  
  
        myReceive3 = new BroadCastReceive3();  
        filter3 = new IntentFilter();  
        filter3.addAction(ACTION);  
        filter3.setPriority(1);  
  
  
    }  
  
  
    @Override  
    protected void onResume() {  
        /** 
         * 注册广播 
         */  
        registerReceiver(myReceive, filter);  
        registerReceiver(myReceive3, filter3);  
  
  
        super.onResume();  
    }  
  
  
    @Override  
    protected void onPause() {  
        /** 
         * 注销广播 
         */  
  
        unregisterReceiver(myReceive);  
        unregisterReceiver(myReceive3);  
  
        super.onPause();  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public void onClick(View v) {  
        switch (v.getId()) {  
            case R.id.button:  
                sendBraodCast();  
                break;  
        }  
    }  
  
    private void sendBraodCast() {  
  
        /** 
         * 申明广播的 action 行为 
         */  
        Intent intent = new Intent(ACTION);  
        intent.putExtra("key", "有序广播测试");  
  
        this.sendOrderedBroadcast(intent, null);  
    }  
  
  
    /** 
     * 内部类实现广播接收器 
     */  
    private class BroadCastReceive2 extends BroadcastReceiver {  
  
        @Override  
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {  
            //TODO 接收到广播之后处理自己的事情  
            String action = intent.getAction();  
            String result = intent.getStringExtra("key");  
            MyLog.d("the BroadCast action is " + action + "   the BroadCast receive result is " + result);  
  
            Bundle bundle = new Bundle();  
            bundle.putString("key", "有序广播处理之后" + "\n" + "再次发送给下一个广播接收者");  
            intent.putExtra("bundle", bundle);  
            setResultExtras(bundle);  
            //切断广播,不再让此广播继续往下发送。  
            //  abortBroadcast();  
        }  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * 内部类实现广播接收器 
     */  
    private class BroadCastReceive3 extends BroadcastReceiver {  
  
        @Override  
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {  
            //TODO 接收到广播之后处理自己的事情  
            String action = intent.getAction();  
            //要不要接受上一个广播接收器receiver2传来的的数据  
            Bundle bundle = getResultExtras(true);  
            MyLog.d("the BroadCast action is " + action + "   the BroadCast receive result is " + bundle.getString("key"));  
        }  
    }  
}  

有序广播特点:

1.所有广播接收者的action是一致的,发送有序广播调用 sendOrderedBroadcast()方法。
2.有序广播的接收者需要调用setPriority()方法设置广播接收者的优先级。数字越大,优先接受广播。
3.有序广播如果需要终止 广播继续往下发送,可以调用 abortBroadcast()方法切断广播。
4.先接收广播者可以将自己的处理结果通过setResultExtras()方法继续传递给下一个广播接收者。
5.后接收者可以调用 getResultExtras(true)来自己决定是否接收上一个广播传递过来的数据。

四.粘性广播:

需要在 AndroidManifest.xml中添加权限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BROADCAST_STICKY"></uses-permission>  

发送广播的Activity

package com.***.mybroadcast;  
  
import android.content.Intent;  
import android.os.Bundle;  
import android.support.v7.app.ActionBarActivity;  
import android.view.View;  
import android.widget.Button;  
  
  
/** 
 * 发送广播的Activity 
 */  
public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity implements View.OnClickListener {  
  
    private Button btnSend;  
  
  
    private final static String ACTION = "com.***.mybroadcast.BroadCastReceive1";  
    private final static String ACTION1 = "com.***.mybroadcast.BroadCastReceive2";  
  
    @Override  
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);  
  
        btnSend = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button);  
        btnSend.setOnClickListener(this);  
    }  
  
  
    @Override  
    public void onClick(View v) {  
        switch (v.getId()) {  
            case R.id.button:  
                sendBraodCast();  
                break;  
        }  
    }  
  
    private void sendBraodCast() {  
  
        /** 
         * 申明广播的 action 行为 
         */  
        Intent intent = new Intent(ACTION);  
        intent.putExtra("key", "普通广播测试");  
        sendBroadcast(intent);  
  
        Intent intent1 = new Intent(ACTION1);  
        intent1.putExtra("key", "粘性广播测试");  
        sendStickyBroadcast(intent1);  
        startActivity(new Intent(this, RecevieActivity.class));  
    }  
}  

接受广播的Activity

package com.***.mybroadcast;  
  
import android.app.Activity;  
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;  
import android.content.Context;  
import android.content.Intent;  
import android.content.IntentFilter;  
import android.os.Bundle;  
  
/** 
 * Description:接受广播的Activity 
 * User: *** 
 * Date: 2015/5/14 
 * Time: 17:03 
 */  
  
public class RecevieActivity extends Activity {  
  
    private final static String ACTION1 = "com.***.mybroadcast.BroadCastReceive1";  
    private final static String ACTION2 = "com.***.mybroadcast.BroadCastReceive2";  
  
    private Receive receive;  
  
    private IntentFilter filter1;  
  
    @Override  
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  
  
        receive = new Receive();  
  
        filter1 = new IntentFilter();  
        filter1.addAction(ACTION1);  
        filter1.addAction(ACTION2);  
  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    protected void onResume() {  
        super.onResume();  
        registerReceiver(receive, filter1);  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    protected void onPause() {  
        super.onPause();  
        unregisterReceiver(receive);  
    }  
  
    private class Receive extends BroadcastReceiver {  
        @Override  
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {  
            String action = intent.getAction();  
            String result = intent.getStringExtra("key");  
            MyLog.d("the BroadCast action is " + action + "   the BroadCast receive result is " + result);  
        }  
    }  
}  

打印结果如下:

从结果来看,只有粘性广播才能接收到广播信息。

粘性广播特点:

1.需要在AndroidManifest.xml中添加权限

android:name="android.permission.BROADCAST_STICKY"></uses-permission>  

2.粘性广播发送除了调用方法不同sendStickyBroadcast(intent1),其他都一样。
3.一般广播都是先注册广播,才能接收到广播,而粘性广播可以做到先发送广播,哪里需要接收该广播就哪里注册,可以后注册广播拿到广播的结果。这就是 普通广播和粘性广播的区别。从示例中也看出了普通广播在跳转到ReceiveActivity中是接受不到广播发送者发出的广播的,只有粘性广播才能接收到。

有人会奇怪,平时也没看到哪里使用粘性广播??其实我也是看到Android 系统中 监测电池电量部分发现的。贴上代码如下:

// Register for the battery changed event  
IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(Intent.ACTION_BATTERY_CHANGED);  
  
/ Intent is sticky so using null as receiver works fine  
// return value contains the status  
Intent batteryStatus = this.registerReceiver(null, filter);  
  
// Are we charging / charged?  
int status = batteryStatus.getIntExtra(BatteryManager.EXTRA_STATUS, -1);  
boolean isCharging = status == BatteryManager.BATTERY_STATUS_CHARGING  
  || status == BatteryManager.BATTERY_STATUS_FULL;  
  
boolean isFull = status == BatteryManager.BATTERY_STATUS_FULL;  
  
// How are we charging?  
int chargePlug = batteryStatus.getIntExtra(BatteryManager.EXTRA_PLUGGED, -1);  
boolean usbCharge = chargePlug == BatteryManager.BATTERY_PLUGGED_USB;  
boolean acCharge = chargePlug == BatteryManager.BATTERY_PLUGGED_AC;   

广播的生命周期:

当广播接收者接收到广播调用完onReceive()方法之后,广播的生命周期就结束了。

因此广播接收器不能执行超过10s耗时任务,也不能在onReceive()方法中创建Thread 来执行耗时任务,你可以开启一个Service来执行后台耗时任务,具体可以参考Android 四大组件之Service 的生命周期和使用。

广播的大概原理:

广播是怎么发送的?又是怎么接收的?

我们知道,只有先注册了某个广播之后,广播接收者才能收到该广播。广播注册的一个行为是将自己感兴趣的IntentFilter注册到Android系统的AMS(ActivityManagerService)中,里面保存了一个IntentFilter列表。广播发送者将自己的IntentFilter 的action行为发送到AMS中,然后遍历AMS中的IntentFilter列表,看谁订阅了该广播,然后将消息遍历发送到注册了相应IntentFilter的Activity或者Service中-----也就是会调用抽象方法onReceive()方法。其中AMS起到了中间桥梁作用。

系统广播:

Android系统中有很多系统广播,比如:

Event	Description
Intent.ACTION_BOOT_COMPLETED	Boot completed. Requires the android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETEDpermission.
Intent.ACTION_POWER_CONNECTED	Power got connected to the device.
Intent.ACTION_POWER_DISCONNECTED	Power got disconnected to the device.
Intent.ACTION_BATTERY_LOW	Triggered on low battery. Typically used to reduce activities in your app which consume power.
Intent.ACTION_BATTERY_OKAY	Battery status good again.

系统广播具体怎么用?网络上一搜一大把,这里就不讲了。和我们写的广播使用都差不多。

posted @ 2016-05-11 22:35  zhou23  阅读(250)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报