基于CentOS7系统部署cobbler批量安装系统
前言
cobbler是一个可以实现批量安装系统的Linux应用程序。它有别于pxe+kickstart，cobbler可以实现同个服务器批量安装不同操作系统版本。
系统环境准备及其下载cobbler
一.系统环境
开启两个网卡。一个仅主机模式，一个桥接模式，仅主机模式对内提供cobbler服务。
NAT模式也可以
[root@ken ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:13:a1:49 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.4.190/24 brd 192.168.4.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe13:a149/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:13:a1:53 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.182.128/24 brd 192.168.182.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic eth1
valid_lft 1786sec preferred_lft 1786sec
inet6 fe80::7073:2021:e866:204f/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
系统版本：CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core)
内网IP：192.168.182.128/24 #用来对内通信，提供cobbler服务
外网IP：192.168.4.190/24 #连接外网
二. 关闭安全服务
[root@ken ~]# systemctl stop firewalld #关闭防火墙 [root@ken ~]# setenforce 0 #关闭selinux
三. 下载cobbler及其所需服务程序
[root@ken ~]# yum install cobbler dhcp tftp-server xinetd syslinux httpd -y
syslinux: 提供pxelinux.0这个文件 ，pxelinux.0引导文件引导vmlinux和initrd两个启动文件
yum安装cobbler需要使用下面两个源，大家可以复制下面的代码到自己的yum仓库保存即可
[epel] name=epel enabled=1 gpgcheck=0
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/7/x86_64/
[centos]
name=centos base
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/
配置相关服务
第一步：配置DHCP服务
[root@ken ~]# cat /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
subnet 192.168.182.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.182.150 192.168.182.155;
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
filename "pxelinux.0";
}
[root@ken ~]# systemctl restart dhcpd
第二步：配置tftp
[root@ken ~]# cat /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
# default: off
# description: The tftp server serves files using the trivial file transfer \
# protocol. The tftp protocol is often used to boot diskless \
# workstations, download configuration files to network-aware printers, \
# and to start the installation process for some operating systems.
service tftp
{
socket_type = dgram
protocol = udp
wait = yes
user = root
server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
server_args = -s /var/lib/tftpboot
disable = no #yes改为no
per_source = 11
cps = 100 2
flags = IPv4
}
[root@ken ~]# systemctl restart xinetd
第三步：启动cobbler
[root@ken ~]# systemctl status cobblerd
第四步：启动httpd
[root@ken ~]# systemctl restart httpd
第五步：检查cobbler配置
[root@ken ~]# cobbler check The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix: 1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work. This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it. 2 : For PXE to be functional, the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network. 3 : Some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements. 4 : enable and start rsyncd.service with systemctl 5 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories 6 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one 7 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
根据如上反馈，需要一一进行修改才能继续进行
修改配置文件/etc/cobbler/settings
问题一：
cobbler文件默认是127.0.0.1本地回环地址，需要更改为提供cobbler服务的ip地址 192.168.182.128,在384行
384 server: 192.168.182.128
问题二：
netx_server也是默认本地127.0.0.1回环地址，需要修改为提供cobbler服务的ip地址 192.163.182,128，在272行出
272 next_server: 192.168.182.128
问题三：
可以忽略
问题四：
启动rsync即可
[root@ken ~]# systemctl restart rsyncd
[root@ken ~]# systemctl enable rsyncd
问题五：
可以忽略
问题六：
更改密码
[root@ken ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt "123" "123456" $1$123$7mft0jKnzzvAdU4t0unTG1
并把新生成的加密数据填写进/etc/cobbler/settings
101 default_password_crypted: "$1$123$7mft0jKnzzvAdU4t0unTG1"
问题七：
可以忽略
以上问题解决之后，需要同步和重启
[root@ken ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@ken ~]# cobbler sync
再次检查是否已经更改完成
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/rsyncd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/rsyncd.service. [root@ken ~]# cobbler check The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix: 1 : Some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements. 2 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories 3 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
已经更改完毕！
第六步：挂载光盘并进行数据导入
挂载光盘
[root@ken ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
数据导入（需要一些时间）
[root@ken ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt --name="centos7.5" task started: 2019-03-13_001927_import task started (id=Media import, time=Wed Mar 13 00:19:27 2019) Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6 Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7 Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7 Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.5: creating new distro: centos7.5-x86_64 trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.5 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/centos7.5-x86_64 creating new profile: centos7.5-x86_64 associating repos checking for rsync repo(s) checking for rhn repo(s) checking for yum repo(s) starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.5 for centos7.5-x86_64 processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.5 need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.5 looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.5/repodata/*comps*.xml Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.5/repodata *** TASK COMPLETE ***
查看distro
[root@ken ~]# cobbler distro list
centos7.5-x86_64
查看profile
[root@ken ~]# cobbler profile list
centos7.5-x86_64
distro : 发行版, 就是我们安装什么版本的linux操作系统的名称 一会我们会导入一个 distro.
profile : 类似于一个 配置文件，类似于你的 bash_profile， 里面包含你可以添加 kernel 参数，对应的kickstart 文件 以及 此profile 对应的 distro 等等.
第八步：准备kickstart文件
在root目录下找到ks文件，并移动到/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/到目录下改名为ks.cfg
[root@ken ~]# mv anaconda-ks.cfg /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/ks.cfg [root@ken ~]# vim /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/ks.cfg [root@ken ~]# cat /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/ks.cfg #version=DEVEL # System authorization information auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512 # Use CDROM installation media url --url=http://192.168.182.128/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.5/ #这里需要更改为repodata所在的http地址 # Use graphical install graphical # Run the Setup Agent on first boot firstboot --enable ignoredisk --only-use=sda # Keyboard layouts keyboard --vckeymap=us --xlayouts='us' # System language lang en_US.UTF-8 # Network information network --bootproto=dhcp --device=ens33 --ipv6=auto --no-activate network --hostname=localhost.localdomain # Root password rootpw --iscrypted $6$7zu1wIUDgBGEFV1Y$KsLVeaGmyN92.QHr1fqKdTqPu8PDmd8K9V/s3Ru8NxE53NZz4gQKsmP6K0udcXVvDtponekICYUwBD7tYZJqU/ # System services services --disabled="chronyd" # System timezone timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --nontp # System bootloader configuration bootloader --location=mbr --boot-drive=sda autopart --type=lvm # Partition clearing information clearpart --none --initlabel %packages @^minimal @core %end %addon com_redhat_kdump --disable --reserve-mb='auto' %end %anaconda pwpolicy root --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty pwpolicy user --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --emptyok pwpolicy luks --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty %end
第八步：自定义profile
[root@ken ~]# cobbler profile add --distro=centos7.5-x86_64 --name=centos7.5_ken --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/ks.cfg [root@ken ~]# cobbler sync task started: 2019-03-13_002724_sync task started (id=Sync, time=Wed Mar 13 00:27:24 2019) running pre-sync triggers cleaning trees removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/centos7.5-x86_64 removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/centos7.5-x86_64 removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list copying bootloaders copying distros to tftpboot copying files for distro: centos7.5-x86_64 trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.5/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/centos7.5-x86_64/vmlinuz trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.5/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/centos7.5-x86_64/initrd.img copying images generating PXE configuration files generating PXE menu structure copying files for distro: centos7.5-x86_64 trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.5/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/centos7.5-x86_64/vmlinuz trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.5/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/centos7.5-x86_64/initrd.img Writing template files for centos7.5-x86_64 rendering TFTPD files generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp processing boot_files for distro: centos7.5-x86_64 cleaning link caches running post-sync triggers running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/* running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/* running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/* running python trigger cobbler.modules.manage_genders running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/* *** TASK COMPLETE ***
第九步：查看profile
[root@ken ~]# cobbler profile list centos7.5-x86_64 centos7.5_ken
第十步：删除不包含ks文件的profile
[root@ken ~]# cobbler profile remove --name=centos7.5-x86_64 [root@ken ~]# cobbler profile list centos7.5_ken
十一步：
如果装机过程中在重启步骤卡住，可以尝试在ks.cfg文件末行添加reboot解决
cobbler自动化安装测试
新建一个虚拟机，需要和cobbler服务器所在同一个虚拟网络中即与我们上面设置的cobbler服务器的主机模式。内存需要3个G以上。
选择第我们自定义的包即可进行自动化安装。
