Day08网络编程

网络编程


1.1概述


计算机网络:

​ 计算机网络是指将地理位置不同的具有独立功能的多台计算机及其外部设备,通过通信线路连接起来,在网络操作系统,网络管理软件及网络通信协议的管理和协调下,实现资源共享和信息传递的计算机系统。

网络编程的目的:

​ 传播交流信息,数据交换,通信。

想要达到这个效果需要什么:

  1. 如何准确的定位网络上的一台主机 address:192.168.xxx.xxx + 端口号,定位到这个计算机上的某个资源
  2. 找到了这个主机,如何传输数据呢?

1.2 网络通信的要素

如何现实网络的通信?

通信双方的地址:

  • ip
  • 端口号
  • 192.168.xxx.xxx:xxxx

规则:网络通信的协议 UDP TCP

TCP/IP参考模型

1.3 IP

IP地址:Inet Address

  • 唯一定位一台网络上的计算机
  • 127.0.0.1:本机localhost
  • IP地址分类
    • ipv4/ipv6
      • 127.0.0.1 四个字节组成。0-255,42亿~
      • ipv6 fe80::80b7:a07b:1091:5e04%11 128位 8个无符号整数!
    • 公网(互联网) - 私网(局域网)
      • 192.168.xxx.xxx,专门给组织内部使用的
      • ABCD类地址
    • 域名:记忆IP问题!
      • IP:www.vip.com
//测试IP
public class TestInetAddress {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            //查询本机地址
            InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            System.out.println(inetAddress1);
            InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
            System.out.println(inetAddress3);
            InetAddress inetAddress4 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
            System.out.println(inetAddress4);
            //查询网站ip地址
            InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
            System.out.println(inetAddress2);
            System.out.println(inetAddress2.getAddress());
            System.out.println(inetAddress2.getCanonicalHostName());
            System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostAddress());
            System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostName());
            
        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

1.4 端口Port

端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程:

  • 不同的进程有不同的端口号!用来区分电脑上的软件

  • 被规定 0-65535

  • TCP 或 UCP :65535 * 2 单个协议下,端口号不能冲突

  • 端口分类

    • 公有端口:0-1023

      • http:80
      • https :443
      • FTP:21
      • Telent :23
    • 程序注册端口:1024-49151,分配用户或者程序

      • Tomcat:8080
      • MySQL:3306
      • Oracle :1521
    • 动态、私有:49152-65535

    • netstar -ano #查看所有的端口
      netstar -ano|findstr "5900"#查看指定的端口
      tasklist|findstr "8696" #查看指定端口的进程
      
    • public class TestInetSocketAddress {
          public static void main(String[] args) {
              InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8080);
              InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress1 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8080);
              System.out.println(inetSocketAddress);
              System.out.println(inetSocketAddress1);
              System.out.println(inetSocketAddress.getAddress());
              System.out.println(inetSocketAddress.getHostName());
              System.out.println(inetSocketAddress.getPort());
          }
      }
      

1.5 通信协议

协议:约定

网络通信协议:速率,传输码率,代码结构,传输控制

TCP/IP协议簇 实际上是一组协议

  • TCP:用户传输协议
  • UDP:用户数据报协议

TCP 和 UDP 对比

TCP:相当于打电话

  • 连接,稳定

  • 三次握手 四次挥手

  • 最少需要三次,保证稳定连接!
    A:你愁啥?
    B:瞅你咋地?
    A:干一架!
    
    A:我要走了
    B:我真的要走了吗
    B:你真的真的要走了嘛
    A:我真的要走了
    
  • 客户端、服务端

  • 传输完成,释放连接,效率低

UDP:相当于发短信

  • 不连接,不稳定
  • 客户端、服务端: 没有明确的界限
  • 不管有没有准备好,都可以发给你
  • 导弹攻击
  • DDOS:洪水攻击!饱和攻击

1.6 TCP

客户端

  1. 连接服务器 Socket
  2. 发送消息
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;

public class TcpClientDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Socket socket = null;
        OutputStream os = null;
        try {
            //要知道服务器的地址
            InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            //端口号
            int port = 9999;
            //创建一个socket连接
            socket = new Socket(serverIP,port);
            os = socket.getOutputStream();
            os.write("TcpClient".getBytes());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            if (os !=null){
                try {
                    os.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (socket !=null){
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

服务器

  1. 建立服务的端口 Server Socket
  2. 等待用户的链接 accept
  3. 接收客户端的消息
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

public class TcpServerDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ServerSocket serverSocket =null;
        Socket socket = null;
        InputStream is = null;
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
        try {
            //我得有一个地址供外部访问
            serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
            while (true) {
                socket = serverSocket.accept();
                //读取客户端消息
                is = socket.getInputStream();
                //管道流
                baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
                byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
                int len;
                while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                    baos.write(buffer, 0, len);
                }
                System.out.println(baos.toString());

            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            if (baos!=null) {
                try {
                    baos.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (is!=null) {
                try {
                    is.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (socket!=null) {
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }

            if (serverSocket!=null) {
                try {
                    serverSocket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }

        }
    }
}

1.6.1TCP文件上传

服务端

public class TcpServerDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
        Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();//阻塞式监听,会一直等待客户端连接
        InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.png"));
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len = is.read(buffer))!=-1){
            fos.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
        os.write("over".getBytes());
        fos.close();
        is.close();
        socket.close();
        serverSocket.close();
    }

客户端

public class TcpClientDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9000);
        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("C:\\Users\\lenovo\\Desktop\\java成神之路\\Java总结(狂神说java)\\图片\\稀疏数组.png"));
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len=fis.read(buffer))!=-1){
            os.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        socket.shutdownOutput();
        InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024];
        int len2;
        while ((len2=is.read(buffer2))!=-1){
            baos.write(buffer2,0,len2);
        }
        System.out.println(baos.toString());
        fis.close();
        os.close();
        socket.close();
    }
}

1.6.2 Tomcat

服务端

  • 自定义 S
  • Tomcat服务器 S

客户端

  • 自定义 C
  • 浏览器 B

1.7 UDP

发短信:不用连接,需要知道对方的地址!

发送消息

发送端 send

public class UdpClientDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
         //建立一个Socket
        DatagramSocket datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket();
        //建个包
        String msg = "你好啊!服务器!";
        //发送给谁
        InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
        int port = 9090;
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), 0, msg.getBytes().length, localhost, port);
        //发送包
        datagramSocket.send(packet);
        datagramSocket.close();
    }
}

接收端 receive

public class UdpServerDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //开放端口
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
        //接收数据报
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
        socket.receive(packet);
        System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
        System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
        socket.close();
    }
}

1.7.1 UDP实现聊天

循环发送消息

接收端

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;

public class UdpReceiveDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
        while (true) {
            byte[] container = new byte[1024];
            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
            socket.receive(packet);
            byte[] data = packet.getData();
            String receiveData = new String(data, 0, packet.getLength());
            System.out.println(receiveData);
            if ("bye".equals(receiveData.trim())){
                break;
            }
            socket.receive(packet);
        }
    }
}

发送端

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

public class UdpSenderDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        while (true) {
            String data = reader.readLine();
            byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 6666));
            socket.send(packet);
            if ("bye".equals(data.trim())) {
                break;
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

1.7.2 多线程在线聊天

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

public class TalkSend implements Runnable {
    DatagramSocket socket = null;
    BufferedReader reader = null;
    private int fromIP;
    private String toIP;
    private int toPort;
    public TalkSend(int fromIP, String toIP, int toPort) {
        this.fromIP = fromIP;
        this.toIP = toIP;
        this.toPort = toPort;
        try {
            socket = new DatagramSocket(fromIP);
            reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true) {
            try {
                String data = reader.readLine();
                byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP, this.toPort));
                socket.send(packet);
                if (data.equals("bye")) {
                    break;
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;

public class TalkReceive implements Runnable {
    DatagramSocket socket = null;
    private int port;
    private String msgFrom;
    public TalkReceive(int port,String msgFrom) {
        this.port = port;
        this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
        try {
            socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true) {
            try {
                byte[] container = new byte[1024];
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
                socket.receive(packet);
                byte[] data = packet.getData();
                String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);//packet.getLength()
                System.out.println(msgFrom+":"+receiveData);
                if (receiveData.equals("bye")){
                    break;
                }
                socket.receive(packet);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}
public class TalkTeacher {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start();
        new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999,"学生")).start();
    }
}
public class TalkStudent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //开启两个线程
        new Thread(new TalkSend(7777,"localhost",9999)).start();
        new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888,"老师")).start();
    }
}

1.8 URL下载网络资源

统一资源定位符:定位资源的,定位互联网上的某一个资源

DNS 域名解析 www.baidu.com xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx

协议://ip地址:端口/项目名/资源
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;

public class URLDown {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/zhoumouren/jimi.txt");
        HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
        InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("jimi.txt");
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len = inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
            fos.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        fos.close();
        inputStream.close();
        urlConnection.disconnect();
    }
}
posted @   周某人的成神之路  阅读(33)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报
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