阿里云ECS使用02：创建用户及磁盘挂载
1、创建用户
Linux中root账号作为管理员使用，在一般情况下需另建账号给个人日常使用。
[root@iZ23o5qv2ozZ ~]# useradd zhongning [root@iZ23o5qv2ozZ ~]# passwd zhongning Changing password for user zhongning. New password: BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary word Retype new password: passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully. [root@iZ23o5qv2ozZ ~]# ls /home zhongning [root@iZ23o5qv2ozZ ~]#
编辑sudoer文件，以便可以使用sudo命令进行系统操作，减少root账号的使用。
[root@iZ23o5qv2ozZ ~]# vim /etc/sudoers ## Allow root to run any commands anywhere root ALL=(ALL) ALL zhongning ALL=(ALL) ALL
2、挂载硬盘
通过挂载硬盘用于数据存储，方便日后数据备份、转存、恢复。数据盘要经过分区、格式化、挂载三个步骤后，才能正常使用。
2.1、磁盘分区
使用fdisk命令，查看分配的硬件编号：
[root@iZ23o5qv2ozZ ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/xvda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00078f9c Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/xvda1 * 1 2611 20970496 83 Linux Disk /dev/xvdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 [root@iZ23o5qv2ozZ ~]#
上述信息显示，设备编号为/dev/xvdb的硬盘还没有使用，执行fdisk /dev/xvdb 进行分区
[root@iZ23o5qv2ozZ ~]# fdisk /dev/xvdb Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x917e4ba3. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite) WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): h h: unknown command Command action a toggle a bootable flag b edit bsd disklabel c toggle the dos compatibility flag d delete a partition l list known partition types m print this menu n add a new partition o create a new empty DOS partition table p print the partition table q quit without saving changes s create a new empty Sun disklabel t change a partition's system id u change display/entry units v verify the partition table w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality (experts only) Command (m for help):
而后依次输入，n：创建分区，p：创建主分区，1：主分区编号，2次回车使用所有的柱面确定分区使用所有的磁盘空间，w：写入分区表。
Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 1 First cylinder (1-2610, default 1): Using default value 1 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610): Using default value 2610 Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks.
[root@iZ23o5qv2ozZ ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/xvda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00078f9c
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/xvda1 * 1 2611 20970496 83 Linux
Disk /dev/xvdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x917e4ba3
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/xvdb1 1 2610 20964793+ 83 Linux
[root@iZ23o5qv2ozZ ~]#
2.2、格式化分区
将新创建的分区/dev/xvdb1进行格式化，格式化为ext3格式
[root@iZ23o5qv2ozZ ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/xvdb1 mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 1310720 inodes, 5241198 blocks 262059 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296 160 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8192 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 32 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. [root@iZ23o5qv2ozZ ~]#
2.3、挂载分区
在根目录下创建准备挂载的目录如/data，然后使用mount命令进行挂载，用df命令查看挂载是否成功。
[root@iZ23o5qv2ozZ /]# ls bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root sbin selinux srv sys tmp usr var [root@iZ23o5qv2ozZ /]# ls bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root sbin selinux srv sys tmp usr var [root@iZ23o5qv2ozZ /]# mkdir /data [root@iZ23o5qv2ozZ /]# ls bin boot data dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root sbin selinux srv sys tmp usr var [root@iZ23o5qv2ozZ /]# mount /dev/xvdb1 /data [root@iZ23o5qv2ozZ /]# df -m Filesystem 1M-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/xvda1 20158 1397 17737 8% / tmpfs 498 0 498 0% /dev/shm /dev/xvdb1 20153 173 18957 1% /data [root@iZ23o5qv2ozZ /]#
下面设置开机自动挂载，修改/etc/fstab文件。
[root@iZ23o5qv2ozZ /]# vim /etc/fstab# # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Thu Aug 14 21:16:42 2014 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # UUID=94e4e384-0ace-437f-bc96-057dd64f42ee / ext4 defaults,barrier=0 1 1 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 none /proc/xen xenfs defaults 0 0 /dev/xvdb1 /data ext3 defaults 0 0
大功告成，over。
