深入Spring:自定义注解加载和使用
前言
在工作中经常使用Spring的相关框架,免不了去看一下Spring的实现方法,了解一下Spring内部的处理逻辑。特别是开发Web应用时,我们会频繁的定义@Controller,@Service等JavaBean组件,通过注解,Spring自动扫描加载了这些组件,并提供相关的服务。
Spring是如何读取注解信息,并注入到bean容器中的,本文就是通过嵌入Spring的Bean加载,来描述Spring的实现方法。完整的例子都在Github上了。
自定义注解
先看一个最简单的例子,在使用SpringWeb应用中的过程中,大家免不了会使用@Controller,@Service,@Repository等注解来定义JavaBean。那么怎么自己定义一个注解,Spring可以自动加载呢。所以就有了第一个例子。
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public
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String value() default "";
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}
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public class ComponentAnnotationTest {
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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AnnotationConfigApplicationContext annotationConfigApplicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();
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annotationConfigApplicationContext.register(ComponentAnnotationTest.class);
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annotationConfigApplicationContext.refresh();
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InjectClass injectClass = annotationConfigApplicationContext.getBean(InjectClass.class);
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injectClass.print();
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}
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public static class InjectClass {
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public void print() {
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System.out.println("hello world");
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}
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}
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}
运行这个例子,就会发现,@MyComponent 注解的类,也被Spring加载进来了,而且可以当成普通的JavaBean正常的使用。查看Spring的源码会发现,Spring是使用ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider扫描package,这个类有这样的注释
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A component provider that scans the classpath from a base package.
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It then applies exclude and include filters to the resulting classes to find candidates.
这个类的 registerDefaultFilters 方法有这样几行代码
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protected void registerDefaultFilters() {
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this.includeFilters.add(new AnnotationTypeFilter(Component.class));
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ClassLoader cl = ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider.class.getClassLoader();
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try {
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this.includeFilters.add(new AnnotationTypeFilter(((Class<? extends Annotation>) ClassUtils.forName("javax.annotation.ManagedBean", cl)), false));
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logger.debug("JSR-250 'javax.annotation.ManagedBean' found and supported for component scanning");
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} catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
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// JSR-250 1.1 API (as included in Java EE 6) not available - simply skip.
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}
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try {
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this.includeFilters.add(new AnnotationTypeFilter(((Class<? extends Annotation>) ClassUtils.forName("javax.inject.Named", cl)), false));
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logger.debug("JSR-330 'javax.inject.Named' annotation found and supported for component scanning");
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}
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catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
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// JSR-330 API not available - simply skip.
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}
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}
这里就会发现Spring在扫描类信息的使用只会判断被@Component注解的类,所以任何自定义的注解只要带上@Component(当然还要有String value() default "";的方法,因为Spring的Bean都是有beanName唯一标示的),都可以被Spring扫描到,并注入容器内。
定制功能
但上面的方法太局限了,没办法定制,而且也没有实际的意义。如何用特殊的注解来实现定制的功能呢,一般有两种方式:
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还是用上面的方法,在注入Spring的容器后,再取出来做自己定制的功能,Spring-MVC就是使用这样的方法。AbstractDetectingUrlHandlerMapping 中的detectHandlers方法,这个方法取出了所有的bean,然后循环查找带有Controller的bean,并提取其中的RequestMapping信息
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protected void detectHandlers() throws BeansException {
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if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
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logger.debug("Looking for URL mappings in application context: " + getApplicationContext());
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}
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String[] beanNames = (this.detectHandlersInAncestorContexts ?
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BeanFactoryUtils.beanNamesForTypeIncludingAncestors(getApplicationContext(), Object.class) :
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getApplicationContext().getBeanNamesForType(Object.class));
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// Take any bean name that we can determine URLs for.
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for (String beanName : beanNames) {
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String[] urls = determineUrlsForHandler(beanName);
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if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(urls)) {
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// URL paths found: Let's consider it a handler.
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registerHandler(urls, beanName);
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}
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else {
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if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
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logger.debug("Rejected bean name '" + beanName + "': no URL paths identified");
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}
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}
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}
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}
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不依赖@Component,自定义扫描。所以就有了第二个例子。
自定义扫描
结构比较复杂,可以参考完整的例子,这里是关键的几个类
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还是定义一个注解,只不过不再需要@Component了
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public
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String value() default "";
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}
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注解修饰的类
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@CustomizeComponent
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public class ScanClass1 {
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public void print() {
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System.out.println("scanClass1");
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}
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}
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BeanScannerConfigurer用于嵌入到Spring的加载过程的中,这里用到了BeanFactoryPostProcessor 和ApplicationContextAware。
Spring提供了一些的接口使程序可以嵌入Spring的加载过程。这个类中的继承ApplicationContextAware接口,Spring会读取ApplicationContextAware类型的的JavaBean,并调用setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext)传入Spring的applicationContext。
同样继承BeanFactoryPostProcessor接口,Spring会在BeanFactory的相关处理完成后调用postProcessBeanFactory方法,进行定制的功能。-
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public static class BeanScannerConfigurer implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor, ApplicationContextAware {
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private ApplicationContext applicationContext;
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public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {
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this.applicationContext = applicationContext;
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}
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public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {
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Scanner scanner = new Scanner((BeanDefinitionRegistry) beanFactory);
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scanner.setResourceLoader(this.applicationContext);
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scanner.scan("org.wcong.test.spring.scan");
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}
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}
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- Scanner继承的ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner是Spring内置的Bean定义的扫描器。
includeFilter里定义了类的过滤器,newAnnotationTypeFilter(CustomizeComponent.class)表示只取被CustomizeComponent修饰的类。
doScan里扫面了包底下的读取道德BeanDefinitionHolder,自定义GenericBeanDefinition相关功能。-
public final static class Scanner extends ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner {
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public Scanner(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
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super(registry);
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}
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public void registerDefaultFilters() {
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this.addIncludeFilter(new AnnotationTypeFilter(CustomizeComponent.class));
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}
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public Set<BeanDefinitionHolder> doScan(String... basePackages) {
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Set<BeanDefinitionHolder> beanDefinitions = super.doScan(basePackages);
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for (BeanDefinitionHolder holder : beanDefinitions) {
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GenericBeanDefinition definition = (GenericBeanDefinition) holder.getBeanDefinition();
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definition.getPropertyValues().add("innerClassName", definition.getBeanClassName());
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definition.setBeanClass(FactoryBeanTest.class);
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}
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return beanDefinitions;
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}
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public boolean isCandidateComponent(AnnotatedBeanDefinition beanDefinition) {
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return super.isCandidateComponent(beanDefinition) && beanDefinition.getMetadata()
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.hasAnnotation(CustomizeComponent.class.getName());
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}
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}
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- FactoryBean是Spring中比较重要的一个类。它的描述如下
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Interface to be implemented by objects used within a BeanFactory which are themselves factories.
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If a bean implements this interface, it is used as a factory for an object to expose, not directly as a bean* instance that will be exposed itself
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public static class FactoryBeanTest<T> implements InitializingBean, FactoryBean<T> {
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private String innerClassName;
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public void setInnerClassName(String innerClassName) {
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this.innerClassName = innerClassName;
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}
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public T getObject() throws Exception {
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Class innerClass = Class.forName(innerClassName);
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if (innerClass.isInterface()) {
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return (T) InterfaceProxy.newInstance(innerClass);
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} else {
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Enhancer enhancer = new Enhancer();
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enhancer.setSuperclass(innerClass);
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enhancer.setNamingPolicy(SpringNamingPolicy.INSTANCE);
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enhancer.setCallback(new MethodInterceptorImpl());
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return (T) enhancer.create();
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}
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}
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public Class<?> getObjectType() {
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try {
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return Class.forName(innerClassName);
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} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
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e.printStackTrace();
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}
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return null;
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}
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public boolean isSingleton() {
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return true;
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}
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public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
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}
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}
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public static class InterfaceProxy implements InvocationHandler {
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public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
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System.out.println("ObjectProxy execute:" + method.getName());
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return method.invoke(proxy, args);
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}
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public static <T> T newInstance(Class<T> innerInterface) {
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ClassLoader classLoader = innerInterface.getClassLoader();
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Class[] interfaces = new Class[] { innerInterface };
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InterfaceProxy proxy = new InterfaceProxy();
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return (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(classLoader, interfaces, proxy);
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}
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}
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public static class MethodInterceptorImpl implements MethodInterceptor {
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public Object intercept(Object o, Method method, Object[] objects, MethodProxy methodProxy) throws Throwable {
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System.out.println("MethodInterceptorImpl:" + method.getName());
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return methodProxy.invokeSuper(o, objects);
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}
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}
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- main函数
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@Configuration
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public class CustomizeScanTest {
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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AnnotationConfigApplicationContext annotationConfigApplicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();
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annotationConfigApplicationContext.register(CustomizeScanTest.class);
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annotationConfigApplicationContext.refresh();
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ScanClass1 injectClass = annotationConfigApplicationContext.getBean(ScanClass1.class);
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injectClass.print();
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}
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}
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至此一个完整的例子就完成了,这里主要用到了BeanFactoryPostProcessor,ApplicationContextAware,FactoryBean等Spring内置的接口,来嵌入Spring的加载和使用过程,这样就实现了自定义注解,和自定义代理了。
原文链接:http://www.jianshu.com/p/7c2948f64b1c
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