ORACLE 12C RMAN备份与恢复
oracle12C下一个CDB库（test），两个PDB库（test1，test2）
一、备份
rman target sys/oracle@test
1.显示数据库结构
RMAN>report schema;
Report of database schema for database with db_unique_name TEST
List of Permanent Datafiles
===========================
File Size(MB) Tablespace RB segs Datafile Name
---- -------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------- ------------------------
1 930 SYSTEM YES +DATA/TEST/DATAFILE/system.261.1013957131
2 3140 SYSAUX NO +DATA/TEST/DATAFILE/sysaux.262.1013957135
3 965 UNDOTBS1 YES +DATA/TEST/DATAFILE/undotbs1.263.1013957135
4 200 UNDOTBS2 YES +DATA/TEST/DATAFILE/undotbs2.264.1013957143
5 5 USERS NO +DATA/TEST/DATAFILE/users.265.1013957145
6 32000 USERS NO +DATA/TEST/DATAFILE/users02.dbf
List of Temporary Files
=======================
File Size(MB) Tablespace Maxsize(MB) Tempfile Name
---- -------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ----------- --------------------
1 78 TEMP 32767 +DATA/TEST/TEMPFILE/temp.257.1013957137
2.备份全库
RMAN> backup database；
3.备份CDB库
RMAN> backup database root；
4.备份PDB库（可多个）
RMAN> backup pluggable database test1,test2; (如果要备份根容器需要加"")
5.备份表空间
rman target sys/oracle@test1
RMAN> backup tablespace TEST;
二、恢复
1.恢复全库
rman target sys/oracle@test
run
{
allocate channel c1 type disk;
startup mount;
restore database;
recover database;
alter database open;
release channel c1;
}
2.恢复CDB库
connect target sys/oracle@test
run
{
allocate channel c1 type disk;
startup mount;
restore database root;
recover database root;
alter database open;
release channel c1;
}
3.恢复PDB库（可多个同时恢复）
connect target sys/oracle@test
run
{
allocate channel c1 type disk;
alter pluggable database test1,test2 close;
restore pluggable database test1,test2;
recover pluggable database test1,test2;
alter pluggable database test1,test2 open;
release channel c1;
}
4.单独恢复CDB库数据文件
connect target sys/oracle@test
run{
allocate channel c1 type disk;
sql 'alter database datafile 11 offline';
restore datafile 11;
recover datafile 11;
sql 'alter database datafile 11 online';
release channel c1;
}
5.单独恢复PDB库数据文件
connect target sys/oracle@test2
run{
allocate channel c1 type disk;
sql 'alter database datafile 15 offline';
restore datafile 15;
recover datafile 15;
sql 'alter database datafile 15 online';
release channel c1;
}
6. 恢复控制文件：
关闭数据库：
sqlplus / as sysdba
shutdown immediate
rman登录：
rman target /
startup nomount
restore controlefile from autobackup;
alter database mount;
recover database;
alter database open resetlogs;
alter pluggable database all open;
7. 恢复system或undo表空间
关闭数据库：
sqlplus / as sysdba
shutdown immediate
rman登录：
rman target /
startup mount
restore tablespace system;
recover tablespace system;
alter database open;
alter pluggable database all open;
8. 恢复SYSAUX或其他根表空间
不需要关闭数据库
rman登录：
alter tablespace sysaux offline immediate;
restore tablespace sysaux;
recover tablespace sysaux;
alter tablespace sysaux online;
9. 恢复PDB数据文件
（1）丢失未开启pdb的system表空间（CDB和其他PDB在还原和恢复期间仍可打开）
rman登录:
restore tablespace test1:system;
recover tablespace test1:system;
alter pluggable database test1 open;
注：若pdb已开启，此时丢失system表空间，则要关闭整个CDB。
(2)丢失PDB非system数据文件
sqlplus / as sysdba
conn sys/oracle@test1;
alter tablespace test offline;
登录rman：
restore tablespace test1:test;
recover tablespace test1:test;
sqlplus / as sysdba
conn sys/oracle@test1;
alter tablespace test offline;
