如何在pyqt中通过调用 SetWindowCompositionAttribute 实现Win10亚克力效果

亚克力效果

在《如何在pyqt中实现窗口磨砂效果》和《如何在pyqt中实现win10亚克力效果》中，我们调用C++ dll来实现窗口效果，这种方法要求电脑上必须装有MSVC。Visual Studio装起来确实费时又占C盘空间，所以今天在python中直接调用 SetWindowCompositionAttribute，关于更多无边框窗体的解决方案可以参见《如何在pyqt中自定义无边框窗口》。下面是这次的亚克力效果（硝子太美了(๑¯∀¯๑)）：

具体代码

结构体和枚举类

为了调用 Windows 的 API，我们需要定义一些结构体和枚举类，具体如下：

# coding:utf-8

from ctypes import POINTER, Structure
from ctypes.wintypes import DWORD, HWND, ULONG
from enum import Enum


class WINDOWCOMPOSITIONATTRIB(Enum):
    WCA_UNDEFINED = 0,
    WCA_NCRENDERING_ENABLED = 1,
    WCA_NCRENDERING_POLICY = 2,
    WCA_TRANSITIONS_FORCEDISABLED = 3,
    WCA_ALLOW_NCPAINT = 4,
    WCA_CAPTION_BUTTON_BOUNDS = 5,
    WCA_NONCLIENT_RTL_LAYOUT = 6,
    WCA_FORCE_ICONIC_REPRESENTATION = 7,
    WCA_EXTENDED_FRAME_BOUNDS = 8,
    WCA_HAS_ICONIC_BITMAP = 9,
    WCA_THEME_ATTRIBUTES = 10,
    WCA_NCRENDERING_EXILED = 11,
    WCA_NCADORNMENTINFO = 12,
    WCA_EXCLUDED_FROM_LIVEPREVIEW = 13,
    WCA_VIDEO_OVERLAY_ACTIVE = 14,
    WCA_FORCE_ACTIVEWINDOW_APPEARANCE = 15,
    WCA_DISALLOW_PEEK = 16,
    WCA_CLOAK = 17,
    WCA_CLOAKED = 18,
    WCA_ACCENT_POLICY = 19,
    WCA_FREEZE_REPRESENTATION = 20,
    WCA_EVER_UNCLOAKED = 21,
    WCA_VISUAL_OWNER = 22,
    WCA_LAST = 23


class ACCENT_STATE(Enum):
    """ 客户区状态枚举类 """
    ACCENT_DISABLED = 0,
    ACCENT_ENABLE_GRADIENT = 1,
    ACCENT_ENABLE_TRANSPARENTGRADIENT = 2,
    ACCENT_ENABLE_BLURBEHIND = 3,          # Aero效果
    ACCENT_ENABLE_ACRYLICBLURBEHIND = 4,   # 亚克力效果
    ACCENT_INVALID_STATE = 5


class ACCENT_POLICY(Structure):
    """ 设置客户区的具体属性 """
    _fields_ = [
        ('AccentState',   DWORD),
        ('AccentFlags',   DWORD),
        ('GradientColor', DWORD),
        ('AnimationId',   DWORD),
    ]


class WINDOWCOMPOSITIONATTRIBDATA(Structure):
    _fields_ = [
        ('Attribute',  DWORD),
        ('Data',       POINTER(ACCENT_POLICY)), # POINTER()接收任何ctypes类型，并返回一个指针类型
        ('SizeOfData', ULONG),
    ]

WindowEffect 类

WindowEffect 的 setAcrylicEffect 函数中新增了两个参数—— isEnableShadow 和 animationId，一个控制亚克力窗口的阴影，另一个控制磨砂动画。在demo中是看不出 animationId 的具体效果的，只有窗口最大化和还原时这个动画过程才会显现出来，具体过程可以参见上一篇博客，里面的动图显示得很清楚，下面是这个类的代码：

# coding:utf-8

from ctypes import POINTER, c_bool, sizeof, windll,pointer,c_int
from ctypes.wintypes import DWORD, HWND, ULONG

from win32 import win32api, win32gui
from win32.lib import win32con

from .c_structures import (ACCENT_POLICY, ACCENT_STATE,
                        WINDOWCOMPOSITIONATTRIB,
                        WINDOWCOMPOSITIONATTRIBDATA)


class WindowEffect():
    """ 调用windows api实现窗口效果 """

    def __init__(self):
        # 调用api
        self.SetWindowCompositionAttribute = windll.user32.SetWindowCompositionAttribute
        self.SetWindowCompositionAttribute.restype = c_bool
        self.SetWindowCompositionAttribute.argtypes = [
            c_int, POINTER(WINDOWCOMPOSITIONATTRIBDATA)]
        # 初始化结构体
        self.accentPolicy = ACCENT_POLICY()
        self.winCompAttrData = WINDOWCOMPOSITIONATTRIBDATA()
        self.winCompAttrData.Attribute = WINDOWCOMPOSITIONATTRIB.WCA_ACCENT_POLICY.value[0]
        self.winCompAttrData.SizeOfData = sizeof(self.accentPolicy)
        self.winCompAttrData.Data = pointer(self.accentPolicy)

    def setAcrylicEffect(self, hWnd: int, gradientColor: str = 'F2F2F230',
                         isEnableShadow: bool = True, animationId: int = 0):
        """ 开启亚克力效果

        Parameters
        ----------
        hWnd: int
            窗口句柄

        gradientColor: str
             十六进制亚克力混合色，对应 RGBA 四个分量

        isEnableShadow: bool
            是否启用窗口阴影

        animationId: int
            控制磨砂动画
        """
        # 亚克力混合色
        gradientColor = gradientColor[6:] + gradientColor[4:6] + \
            gradientColor[2:4] + gradientColor[:2]
        gradientColor = DWORD(int(gradientColor, base=16))
        # 磨砂动画
        animationId = DWORD(animationId)
        # 窗口阴影
        accentFlags = DWORD(0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80 |
                            0x100) if isEnableShadow else DWORD(0)
        self.accentPolicy.AccentState = ACCENT_STATE.ACCENT_ENABLE_ACRYLICBLURBEHIND.value[0]
        self.accentPolicy.GradientColor = gradientColor
        self.accentPolicy.AccentFlags = accentFlags
        self.accentPolicy.AnimationId = animationId
        # 开启亚克力
        self.SetWindowCompositionAttribute(hWnd, pointer(self.winCompAttrData))

    def setAeroEffect(self, hWnd: int):
        """ 开启 Aero 效果

        Parameter
        ----------
        hWnd: int
            窗口句柄
        """
        self.accentPolicy.AccentState = ACCENT_STATE.ACCENT_ENABLE_BLURBEHIND.value[0]
        # 开启Aero
        self.SetWindowCompositionAttribute(hWnd, pointer(self.winCompAttrData))

    def moveWindow(self, hWnd: int):
        """ 移动窗口

        Parameter
        ----------
        hWnd: int or `sip.voidptr`
            窗口句柄
        """
        win32gui.ReleaseCapture()
        win32api.SendMessage(hWnd, win32con.WM_SYSCOMMAND,
                    win32con.SC_MOVE + win32con.HTCAPTION, 0)

demo

# coding:utf-8

import sys

from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget

from my_window_effect import WindowEffect


class Demo(QWidget):

    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super().__init__(parent)

        self.windowEffect = WindowEffect()
        self.resize(500, 500)
        self.setWindowFlags(Qt.FramelessWindowHint)
        # 必须用样式表使背景透明，别用 setAttribute(Qt.WA_TranslucentBackground)，不然界面会卡顿
        self.setStyleSheet("background:transparent")
        self.windowEffect.setAcrylicEffect(int(self.winId()))

    def mousePressEvent(self, QMouseEvent):
        """ 移动窗口 """
        self.windowEffect.moveWindow(self.winId())


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    demo = Demo()
    demo.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

写在最后

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