树莓派CM4(五)：搭建QT开发环境

1. 软件版本

Ubuntu20.04
QT5.12.12

2. 参考链接

https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/138021025?utm_id=0

https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/137745265

https://bugreports.qt.io/browse/QTBUG-62216

https://www.tal.org/tutorials/building-qt-512-lts-raspberry-pi-raspberry-pi-os

https://wiki.qt.io/RaspberryPi2EGLFS

https://wiki.qt.io/Cross-Compile_Qt_6_for_Raspberry_Pi#Final_Configuration_on_Raspberry_Pi

https://www.tal.org/tutorials/building-qt-62-raspberry-pi-raspberry-pi-os

https://doc-snapshots.qt.io/qt6-dev/configure-linux-device.html

3. Ubuntu20.04安装Qt5.12.12

下载链接

https://download.qt.io/archive/qt/5.12/5.12.12/
将下载的qt-opensource-linux-x64-5.12.12.run拷贝到Ubuntu20.04中

执行qt-opensource-linux-x64-5.12.12.run

$ chmod a+x qt-opensource-linux-x64-5.12.12.run
$ sudo ./qt-opensource-linux-x64-5.12.12.run

默认安装在/opt目录下，可自行更改，其它保持默认即可
选择组件，干脆全选得了
查看安装目录

在/etc/profile添加下面这行，修改PATH环境变量

#QT 5.12.12
export PATH=/opt/Qt5.12.12/Tools/QtCreator/bin:$PATH

使之立即生效
```
$ source /etc/profile
```
在终端启动qtcreator
```
$ qtcreator &
```

4. 树莓派环境配置

官网下载镜像,我选择的是最新版无桌面环境的Lite镜像,下载链接如下：

https://www.raspberrypi.com/software/operating-systems/#raspberry-pi-os-64-bit
镜像烧录，参考之前的文章

在/boot/config.txt中添加如下内容

# 启用调试串口
enable_uart=1
# 启用DSI输出
dtoverlay=vc4-kms-dsi-7inch

进入树莓派系统，安装一些依赖的包，在此提供一个脚本来进行安装
- 有一项依赖libxcb-xineramalibfontconfig1-dev安装出错，但是看起来好像没什么影响
- 正常情况下，这个脚本不会报任何错误

#!/bin/bash

#
#安装失败的包
# libxcb-xineramalibfontconfig1-dev
#

SOFT_LIST='build-essential 
      libx11-dev  libxcb1-dev 
      libxcb-keysyms1-dev libxcb-image0-dev libxcb-shm0-dev 
      libxcb-icccm4-dev libxcb-sync0-dev libxcb-xfixes0-dev libxcb-shape0-dev 
      libxcb-randr0-dev libxcb-render-util0-dev libxcb-glx0-dev libxcb-present-dev 
      libdbus-1-dev libfreetype6-dev 
      libicu-dev libinput-dev libxkbcommon-dev libsqlite3-dev 
      libssl-dev libpng-dev libjpeg-dev libglib2.0-dev 
      libudev-dev libts-dev libmtdev-dev libfontconfig1-dev libglib2.0-dev 
      libgles2-mesa-dev libgbm-dev libdrm-dev unzip pkg-config gfortran 
      qt5-qmake libqt5gui5 libqt5webengine-data libqt5webkit5 libxcb-xinerama0-dev 
      libxcb-xinerama0 gdbserver libxcb-randr0-dev libxcb-xtest0-dev 
      libxcb-shape0-dev libxcb-xkb-dev libv4l-dev libxvidcore-dev
      libwayland-dev libbluetooth-dev 
      libwayland-dev libgstreamer1.0-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-dev 
      gstreamer1.0-plugins-base gstreamer1.0-plugins-good gstreamer1.0-plugins-ugly
      gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad libgstreamer-plugins-bad1.0-dev gstreamer1.0-pulseaudio 
      gstreamer1.0-tools gstreamer1.0-alsa ttf-wqy-zenhei gdbserver
      libpq-dev libx11-dev libxcb1-dev libxext-dev 
      libxi-dev 
      libxcomposite-dev 
      libxcursor-dev 
      libxtst-dev 
      libxrandr-dev 
      libfontconfig1-dev 
      libfreetype6-dev 
      libx11-xcb-dev 
      libxext-dev 
      libxfixes-dev 
      libxi-dev 
      libxrender-dev 
      libxcb-glx0-dev 
      libxcb-keysyms1-dev 
      libxcb-image0-dev 
      libxcb-shm0-dev 
      libxcb-sync-dev 
      libxcb-shape0-dev 
      libxcb-randr0-dev 
      libxkbcommon-x11-dev 
      libzstd-dev 
      libsctp-dev 
      perl 
      libudev-dev 
      libxcb-xinerama0 
      flex 
      bison 
      gperf 
      libxslt-dev 
      ruby 
      libssl-dev 
      libxcursor-dev 
      libxcomposite-dev 
      libxdamage-dev 
      libxrandr-dev 
      libfontconfig1-dev 
      libcap-dev 
      libxtst-dev 
      libpulse-dev 
      libudev-dev 
      libpci-dev 
      libnss3-dev 
      libasound2-dev 
      libxss-dev 
      libbz2-dev 
      libcups2-dev 
      libatkmm-1.6-dev 
      ttf-mscorefonts-installer
      '

for i in ${SOFT_LIST}
do
    echo -e "[INFO] ${i} installing..."

    apt-get install -y $i
    if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
        echo -e "[ERROR] ${i} install failed!"
        exit 1
    fi
done

5. Ubuntu20.04环境配置

5.1 构建`sysroot`

在Ubuntu中创建sysroot目录
```
$ mkdir -p raspi/sysroot
$ cd raspi
```

同步树莓派中的库及头文件到sysroot

$ rsync -avz pi@192.168.16.9:/lib sysroot
$ rsync -avz pi@192.168.16.9:/usr/include sysroot/usr
$ rsync -avz pi@192.168.16.9:/usr/lib sysroot/usr

添加opengl相关库

# 下载树莓派固件
$ curl -L https://github.com/Hexxeh/rpi-firmware/archive/master.tar.gz -o master.tar.gz
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
  0     0    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--     0
100  121M    0  121M    0     0  8011k      0 --:--:--  0:00:15 --:--:-- 8348k


# 解压
$ tar -xvf master.tar.gz

# 复制rpi-firmware-master/vc/softfp/opt到sysroot
$ cp -r rpi-firmware-master/vc/hardfp/opt ./sysroot

# 修改sysroot中的软连接
$ cd sysroot/
sysroot$ rm usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/libEGL.so.1.1.0
sysroot$ ln -s opt/vc/lib/libEGL.so usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/libEGL.so.1.1.0
sysroot$ ln -s opt/vc/lib/libGLESv2.so usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/libGLESv2.so.2.0.0
sysroot$ rm opt/vc/lib/libEGL.so
sysroot$ ln -s opt/vc/lib/libbrcmEGL.so opt/vc/lib/libEGL.so
sysroot$ rm opt/vc/lib/libGLESv2.so
sysroot$ ln -s opt/vc/lib/libbrcmGLESv2.so.2 opt/vc/lib/libGLESv2.so
sysroot$ ln -s opt/vc/lib/libEGL.so opt/vc/lib/libEGL.so.1
sysroot$ ln -s opt/vc/lib/libGLESv2.so opt/vc/lib/libGLESv2.so.2

修复软连接

$ wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/riscv/riscv-poky/master/scripts/sysroot-relativelinks.py
$ chmod a+x sysroot-relativelinks.py
$ ./sysroot-relativelinks.py ./sysroot

5.2 安装树莓派CM4交叉编译链

参考链接：

https://pidoc.cn/docs/computers/linux-kernel#交叉编译内核
实测发现，交叉编译工具链版本也会导致编译失败，因此先查看一下树莓派中的gcc版本为12.2.0
到linaro官网下载对应版本的交叉编译工具链

https://snapshots.linaro.org/gnu-toolchain/12.2-2023.04-1/aarch64-linux-gnu/
安装交叉编译工具链到Ubuntu20.04,过程略

6. QT交叉编译及安装

参考链接：

https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/461514256

https://doc.embedfire.com/linux/rk356x/Qt/zh/latest/lubancat_qt/install/install_arm_2.html

https://www.jianshu.com/p/659822ebc183

https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/138021025

安装依赖

sudo apt-get install -y libx11-* libx11* libxcb-* libxcb* libxkbcommon-x11-dev libxcb-xinerama0-dev libxcb-sync-dev

下载QT源码：QT5.12.9

解压

$ tar -xvf qt-everywhere-src-5.12.9.tar.xz

修改qtbase/mkspecs/devices/linux-rasp-pi4-v3d-g++/qmake.conf文件
- 删除-mfpu=crypto-neon-fp-armv8
- 将include(../common/linux_arm_device_post.conf) 修改为 include(../common/linux_device_post.conf)

编写自动配置脚本autoconfigure.sh，内容如下：

# 目标平台,这个平台可以在qtbase/mkspecs目录下查找
HOST=linux-aarch64-gnu
# sysroot路径
SYSROOT_PATH=/home/jun/work/share/qt-workspace/raspi/sysroot
# 指定目标平台设备
DEVICE=linux-rasp-pi4-v3d-g++
# 交叉编译工具链
CROSS_CHAIN_PREFIX=/home/jun/work/share/gcc-linaro-12.2.1-2023.04-x86_64_aarch64-linux-gnu/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-
#CROSS_CHAIN_PREFIX=/usr/local/arm/raspi/gcc-arm-10.2-2020.11-x86_64-aarch64-none-linux-gnu/bin/aarch64-none-linux-gnu-
# 运行目录
PREFIX=/usr/local/qt5pi
# 库及工具的安装目录
EXTPREFIX=/home/jun/work/share/qt-workspace/qt5pi
#-hostprefix /home/jun/work/share/qt-workspace/qt5pi-host

./configure \
-release \
-device ${DEVICE} \
-device-option CROSS_COMPILE=${CROSS_CHAIN_PREFIX} \
-sysroot ${SYSROOT_PATH} \
-prefix ${PREFIX} \
-extprefix ${EXTPREFIX} \
-opengl es2 \
-opengles3 \
-no-gtk \
--disable-d3d12 \
-force-pkg-config \
-opensource \
-confirm-license \
-reduce-exports \
-nomake examples \
-no-compile-examples \
-nomake tests \
-skip qtwayland \
-skip qtwebengine \
-qt-pcre \
-no-pch \
-ssl \
-evdev \
-make libs \
-system-freetype \
-fontconfig \
-glib \
-no-feature-eglfs_brcm \
-recheck-all \
-v

● 执行自动配置脚本autoconfigure.sh

qt-everywhere-src-5.12.9$ chmod a+x autoconfigure.sh
qt-everywhere-src-5.12.9$ ./autoconfigure.sh

● 编译

$ make -j$(nproc)

● 编译时报错

解决方法：在qtdeclarative/src/qmldebug/qqmlprofilerevent_p.h开头包含头文件<limits>
make install安装
```
$ make install -j8
```
查看编译输出目录

将该目录打包，发送到树莓派CM4

$ cd ..
$ tar -cvzf qt5pi.tar.gz qt5pi/
$ scp qt5pi.tar.gz pi@192.168.16.9:/tmp

7. 设置树莓派CM4 QT运行环境

将上一步中得到的qt5pi.tar.gz解压到/usr/local目录
```
# tar -xvf qt5pi.tar.gz -C /usr/local
```

编辑/etc/profile设置环境变量，在其中添加如下内容

export PATH=$PATH:/opt
export QT_QPA_EGLFS_WIDTH=800
export QT_QPA_EGLFS_HEIGHT=480
export QTDIR=/usr/local/qt5pi
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$QTDIR/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PA
export QT_QPA_FONTDIR=$QTDIR/lib/fonts
export QT_QPA_PLATFORM_PLUGIN_PATH=$QTDIR/plugins/
export QT_QPA_PLATFORM=eglf
export QT_QPA_EGLFS_HIDECURSOR=1
export QT_QPA_EGLFS_ALWAYS_SET_MODE="1"
export QWS_MOUSE_PROTO=/dev/input/event0
export QML_IMPORT_PATH=$QTDIR/qml
export QML2_IMPORT_PATH=$QTDIR/qml
export QT_QPA_PLATFORM=linuxfb:/dev/fb0

使之立即生效
```
# source /etc/profile
```

8. QT Creator开发环境设置

8.1 添加`kits`

Tools-> Options -> Kits
Manual-> Add
- 设置新添加的Kits名称，选择Device type为 Generic Linux Device
设置Qt Version,就是指定交叉编译使用的qmake所在路径，前文已经说明了在QT交叉编译时，执行make install将编译产物安装到了/home/jun/work/share/qt-workspace/qt5pi目录，qmake就在该目录下
添加C编译器，即指定交叉编译工具链: Kits-> Compilers-> Manual-> Add-> GCC-> C
- 自定义C Compilers名称为 RaspberryCM4-GCC
- Compiler path设置为交叉编译工具链aarch64-none-linux-gnu-gcc的绝对路径
- Apply应用
添加C++编译器: Kits-> Compilers-> Manual-> Add-> GCC-> C++
- 设置Name为RaspberryCM4-G++
- 设置Compiler path为aarch64-none-linux-gnu-g++的绝对路径
- Apply应用
返回kits界面，设置C Compiler为上一步添加的RaspberryCM4-GCC
Kits-> RaspberryCM4-> Compiler-> C-> RaspberryCM4-GCC
设置C++ Compiler为上一步添加的RaspberryCM4-G++
- Kits-> RaspberryCM4-> Compiler-> C++-> RaspberryCM4-G++
别忘了Apply应用

8.2 为项目选择`Kits`

Project -> RaspberryCM4 -> Build

8.3 远程部署调试

Tools-> Options-> Devices-> Add-> Generic Linux Device
Connection设置
Key Deployment设置,这一步先不设置，后续使用SSH连接，直接next
Finish
回到Device，选择Authentication type为Default表示使用SSH连接
- 点击Test测试连通性，测试通过后Apply